Regulatory Solutions for Renewable Energy in the Western Balkans

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This project component focuses on capacity development (workshops, trainings, process efficiency) among ministries and regulators and, to a lesser extent, grid operators. It seeks to facilitate the creation of a favourable regulatory environment for the transition to renewable energy.

Outputs: Options to improve the regulatory framework for RE

  • Facilitating regional exchange between regulators and ministries responsible for energy on good practices for efficient permitting, administration and data management processes for RE deployment and operation.
  • Joint trainings of regulators, energy ministries, and grid operators in the Western Balkans on options for designing grid stability criteria, grid codes, and implementation rules for mass PV deployment at the distribution grid level by prosumers and energy communities.
  • Providing technical advisory to regulators, ministries responsible for energy, and grid operators in the Western Balkan countries on technical and regulatory options for grid code enforcement.
  • Promoting exchanges between regulators, energy ministries, RE plant and grid operators on adequate sharing of grid connection, reinforcement and balancing costs for RE plants.

Objectives

A total of four options to improve the regulatory framework for RE were analysed by energy ministries, regulators and grid operators from 4 Western Balkan countries in regional exchanges.

Main Activities

  • Technological innovations and good practices to deal with increasing proportions of RE (ex. generation forecasts, digitalization and flexibility options, dispatching, grid analysis/network expansion planning)
  • Developing viable business models for dealing with prosumers, handling of a large number of grid connections and further training on the implications of electromobility
  • Awareness raising/informational space by expert communities on RE expansion planning and land use planning as well as options to re-use grid infrastructure/former fossil-based plants (power stations, coal mines etc.)

Expected Impacts

  • Key actors in the electricity sector are familiar with solutions for the grid integration of high proportions of renewable energy
  • Key actors in the electricity sector are familiar with options to shape conducive framework conditions for the transition to renewable energies in the Western Balkans.

Project Deliverables - Reports and Publications

Gap Analysis of Regulatory Framework Conditions for vRE in the Western Balkans

Gap Analysis of Regulatory Framework Conditions for vRE in the Western Balkans

The report thus gives a comprehensive review of the current regulatory framework for variable Renewable Energies (vRE) in the Western Balkans, assessing its alignment with EU regulations and international best practices. It also recognizes common needs to enhance the regulatory framework for vRE expansion in the region. It also highlights compliance gaps in the following areas: Network code provisions for vRE integration; Regulations and processes governing access to the vRE network; Rules for private sector participation in vRE expansion (including rights and obligations of vRE investors and operators); Market structure and pricing related to vRE

You can download the report in three different languages:

Energy Sharing - Legal Basis in EU Regulations with Implementation Models

Energy Sharing - Legal Basis in EU Regulations with Implementation Models

Energy sharing is a concept in which consumers control renewable energy installations collectively.

This report discusses research and implementation of energy sharing within the EU. Following an introduction to the topic, the report presents the legal basis and regulatory framework, with examples of Member States with different regulations affecting energy-sharing initiatives. It presents energy sharing options, such as community-owned grids, virtual sharing, and smart energy sharing. The discussion then moves on to key considerations in the process of energy sharing and an overview of the regulatory status in the Western Balkan region is provided. A SWOT analysis is included to provide a comprehensive overview.

Injection Tariffs

Injection Tariffs (G-Component)

This report discusses the economic and policy rationale for implementing injection charges (G-component). After an introduction to network charges, it provides an overview on the legal and regulatory basis in the EU and Energy Community, as well as presenting international practice with regard to injection charges. Furthermore, the report analyses e.g. cost recovery, generation vs. load split, and tariff structures of EU and energy community countries.

Inventory of regulatory framework conditions for vRE

Inventory of regulatory framework conditions for vRE

This report provides an overview of legal documents and relevant policies that impact the planning and investment security for the variable renewable energy (vRE) in each Western Balkan country.

The relevant policies are grouped according to the following subjects:

  • Grid code provisions for vRE integration
  • Regulations and processes for vRE grid access
  • Rules for private sector participation in vRE expansion (rights and obligations of vRE investors and operators)
  • Market design and pricing with respect to vRE

Regulatory framework for EV charging points connection to the distribution grid

Regulatory framework for EV charging points connection to the distribution grid

This report discusses a conducive legal and regulatory framework for E-mobility, focusing on connecting EV charging points to the distribution grid. Grid code compliance refers to EV charging stations' compliance with the technical requirements and regulations set by utilities and grid operators. Ensuring the smooth integration of EV charging infrastructure into the existing grid is crucial. It helps maintain grid stability, prevent power disruptions, and ensure efficient energy management.

The report assesses the EU regulatory framework for E-mobility and analyses international experience with the development of charging infrastructure and best practices on legislation/policies from the following countries: Ireland, Germany, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Austria, Italy.

It also gives an overview on tariffs and costs for EV recharging.

Output-oriented regulation of TSO and DSO

Output-oriented regulation of TSO and DSO

This report discusses the regulatory options for developing and operating transmission and distribution systems, focusing on implementing output-oriented regulation to efficiently accommodate the increasing share of vREs in the energy mix. A range of regulatory approaches has been applied in different jurisdictions, driven by the actual conditions and problems that specific systems face, considering that no "one method fits all" solution is plausible. Regulatory frameworks for transmission and distribution networks may introduce incentive schemes to stimulate operators to prepare the networks more efficiently for their new tasks, primarily related to the integration of VREs.

This report summarises incentive-based regulatory schemes for networks based on information reported in 1) the CEER Status Review Report on Regulatory Frameworks for Innovation in Electricity Transmission Infrastructure, a CEER task for the Energy Infrastructure Forum 2020, and 2) the ACER Report on Investment Evaluation, Risk Assessment and Regulatory Incentives for Energy Network Project, June 2023.

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