Geothermal Drying (PA Technology)

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Last modified by Axel Heinemann on 2014-12-15. This is a wiki so please feel free to update information by clicking on "Edit with form". | Printable version

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Name of technology example:		Type
Geothermal Drying		☐ Energy Efficiency ☑ Renewable Energy ☐ Alternative Methodology

Description	The basic idea of drying agricultural product is to provide: longtime storage without degradation, early harvesting which reduces field losses, higher prices of agricultural products and better quality. The industrial drying processes are performed with consumption of heat and electricity for driving the auxiliary equipment. Basic energy requirements are connected to heating the product to suitable temperature in order to initiate the process of evaporation (of the moisture) and energy necessary to evaporate certain percentage of the moisture. Mostly, the process goes by direct contact of the prepared product (grain, vegetables, fruits, etc.) submitted to drying with warm air at relatively low temperature (35 to 80˚C). Therefore, low temperature geothermal fluids can be utilized as energy source to heat the air for drying of agricultural products.
Technology for the Application of	☐ Solar ☐ Biomass ☐ Biofuel ☐ Biogas ☐ Wind ☑ Geo-Thermal ☐ Hydro ☐ Energy Efficiency ☐ Other: /
Primarily Relevant for the following Agricultural Value Chain Steps	☐ Mechanization ☐ Efficiency of Operation ☑ Processing ☐ Transportation ☐ Controlled Atmosphere ☑ Controlled Temperature ☐ Mechanical Sorting ☑ Preservation ☑ Other: All value chain steps with heating demand
Primarily Relevant for the following Agricultural Value Chain Activities	☐ Grinding ☐ Hauling and conveying ☐ Sorting ☐ Seedbed Preparation ☐ Milling ☐ Tearing ☐ Planting ☐ Washing ☐ Mixing ☐ Pumping ☑ Heating ☑ Drying ☐ Irrigation ☐ Cooling ☐ Animal feeding ☐ Fertilizing ☐ Venting ☐ Animal health and Welfare ☐ Pest Management ☐ Lighting ☐ Packing and branding ☐ Cutting ☐ Sanitation ☑ Other: All value chain activities with heating demand
Primarily Implemented in the following Commodity Groups	☑ Cereals ☑ Fruits and vegetables ☑ Nuts and berries ☐ Forage ☐ Dairy products ☐ Meat products ☑ Oil Seeds ☑ Roots and Tubers ☐ Eggs ☐ Pulses ☐ Fiber Crops ☐ Forestry ☐ Sugars ☐ Stimulants ☐ Spices ☑ Other: All commodity groups with heating or drying demand
Region & Country of Development	Region ☐ Africa ☐ South Asia ☐ East Asia & The Pacific ☑ Europe & Central Asia - Greece, Iceland, Italy ☐ Latin America & The Caribbean ☐ Middle East & North Africa ☑ North America - United States of America ☐ N/A: /
Region & Country of Current Deployment	Region ☐ Africa ☐ South Asia ☑ East Asia & The Pacific ☑ Europe & Central Asia ☑ Latin America & The Caribbean ☐ Middle East & North Africa ☑ North America ☐ N/A: /
Region & Country of Potential Deployment	N/A ☐ Africa ☐ South Asia ☐ East Asia & The Pacific ☐ Europe & Central Asia ☐ Latin America & The Caribbean ☐ Middle East & North Africa ☐ North America ☑ N/A: Depends on geothermal resources
Manufacturers	N/A
Economics
Technology Development Level	First implementation and regional use;
Required Maintenance Technical Level	Low: Technology to be maintained through its life cycle requires less common tools and/or training is required for maintenance;
Required Infrastructure for Deployment	Geothermal resources;
Required Resources during manufacture	Metal, wood, plastics, energy;
Required Resources during operation
Deployment Level	Local availability;
Deployment Capability and Potential	Depends on geothermal resources;
Requirements for Deployment	Training and education;
Relevance for Autonomy and Food Security	Locally high;
Environment Impacts (emissions)	None;
Conformity with Bio- Cybernetic System Rules	Yes;
Additional information / Comments	No comments.
Internal Reference
Additional Links	http://www.geothermal-energy.org/pdf/IGAstandard/WGC/2010/2825.pdf http://geoheat.oit.edu/bulletin/bull24-1/art3.pdf https://pangea.stanford.edu/ERE/pdf/IGAstandard/SGW/2013/Roeroe.pdf https://pangea.stanford.edu/ERE/pdf/IGAstandard/ISS/2003Turkey/s.p.vasilevska.pdf http://sdsenerji.com.tr/en/jeotermal-kurutma.php http://www.geothermal-energy.org/pdf/IGAstandard/WGC/2010/3410.pdf http://www.jardhitafelag.is/media/PDF/S08Paper076.pdf http://www.erec.org/fileadmin/erec_docs/Projcet_Documents/K4_RES-H/K4RES-H_Geothermal_ProcessHeat.pdf http://www.nea.is/geothermal/direct-utilization/industrial-uses/

"Renewable Energy," is not in the list (Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy, Alternative Methodology) of allowed values for the "PAT Type" property.