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Storage
Battery
Pros:
- density
Cons:
- price
- degradation
Outlook: going to become cheaper
Gravity Battery
Pros:
- price per MWh stored
- longevity
Cons:
- density
Types:
- Pumped storage hydroelectricity
- Solid mass:
- above ground
- crane
- Energy Vault - 20 MWh capacity, using cranes
- up/down hill railway
- crane
- underground
- Gravitricity - using deep mines. Best for shafts >300m deep. Cost: 171 USD per MWh (less than 1/2 of the cost of Li-ion battery)[1]
- above ground
Outlook: cost breakthrough is expected
Long-term storage
Power-to-gas
PEM - older technology, expensive
Alcaline - cheaper, more durable, more pure output gases (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_water_electrolysis)
