Tajikistan Energy Situation

Tajikistan
Flag of Tajikistan	Tajikistan focused.png
Capital	Dushanbe (38° 33′ 0″ N, 68° 48′ 0″ E)
Official Language(s)	Persian (Tajik)
Government	Unitary semi-presidential republic
President	Emomalii Rahmon
Prime Minister	Oqil Oqilov
Total Area	143,100 km2
Total Population	7.6 million
Urban-Population	2 million (26%)
Rural-Population	5.6 million (74%)
Population Density	48 Persons per km²
Average Household Size	6.3
GDP (nominal)
GDP per Capita	$362.00
GNI per Capita	$ 468.00
Currency	Somoni (TJS)
Time Zone	TJT (UTC+5)
Calling Code	+992

Geography and Climatic Conditions 

Tajikistan is Central Asia's smallest country. It is landlocked and lies int the active seismic zone with frequent earthquakes. Mountains and territory over 3000m high covers 93% of its area, with the the Pamir and Alay Mountains dominating  the landscape.

Its climate is continental with seasonal variations. It has hot summers and mild winters and a semiarid to polar climate in Pamir Mountains

The average low and high temperatures are 8.1°C and 22.0 °C, respectively.

2.9% of the land in Tajikistan is covered by forest. The forest annual rate of change (between 2005-2010) was 0%

Socio-economic Situation

Tajikistan has a population of 7.6 million, the majority of which (74%), lives in rural areas. The population density is 48 Persons per km² .

Tajikistan is the poorest country in Central Asia and its economy remains fragile due to corruption, weak governance, unemployment, and seasonal power shortages. Yet recent years have seen an annual economic growth rate of 8-10%. The current GDP is ____ and GDP per capita is ___. Its economy is based on the production of hydro power, cotton, and aluminum and national income sources consist primarily of agriculture (49.8%), services (37.4%), and industry (12.8%).

More than 40% of the populations lives under the poverty line of 2 USD/day.

 

National Energy Situation

Tajikistan has enormous hydro power potential as it possesses 4% of the world's hydro power resources and 53% of Central Asia's resources. Yet these resources remain to be sufficiently developed. About 90 % of electricity generating capacity is hydroelectric, but only an estimated 5% of its potential is in use. 
The country faces an energy deficit of 3.0 to 3.5 GWh, resulting in regular blackouts from October to April.

Primary energy shares in 2008 consisted of the following: 21.6% oil, 18.3% gas, 56.4% hydro, and coal 3.7%.

The electrification rate is 85.4% and electricity generation was 17,00GWh

Prices vary but people typically pay 1.5 US cents/kWh.

Potential for Renewable Energies

Electricity prices are very low due to low prime costs for the large hydro plants. Thus, alternative ways to generate electricity have been limited.

Since Tajikistan's rivers have great hydropower potential, the government has focused on attracting investments for projects for internal use and electricity exports.

Household Energy Situation

Share of Fuel Types

Share of energy types on cooking energy in urban areas of Tajikistan.

 

Share of energy types on cooking energy in urban areas of Tajikistan.

Share of Solid Fuel

Percentage of population using solid fuels (charcoal, coal, cropwaste, dung and wood) as cooking energy.
National: 21.5%, urban:<5%, rural: 34.5%

Solid Fuel Use Impact on Health

Total annual deaths attributable to solid fuel use: 1600 persons
Percentage of national burden of diseases attributable to solid fuel use: 3.5%

Access Rate

Electrification Rate

National: 85.4%

Renewable Energies

Application

Hydro-power is the only RE source for electricity production on national level, whose input is documented.