Difference between revisions of "Metering and Billing Systems"
From energypedia
***** (***** | *****) |
***** (***** | *****) |
||
| Line 69: | Line 69: | ||
*additional costs for replacement of cut out fuses | *additional costs for replacement of cut out fuses | ||
*time of usage not considered; less fair | *time of usage not considered; less fair | ||
| + | |||
| + | <br> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <br> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <br> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <br> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <br> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <br> | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | = Flat rate = | ||
| + | |||
| + | <u>Advantages</u> | ||
| + | |||
| + | *very cheap (no metering or delimiting device) | ||
| + | *especially in rural areas of Indonesia quite common and accepted | ||
| + | *can be combined with number of appliances or installed wattage (social control) | ||
| + | |||
| + | <u>Disadvantages</u> | ||
| + | |||
| + | *provokes waste of electricity, no incentive for saving | ||
| + | *no load control / demand steering possible (peaks) | ||
| + | *less fair | ||
Revision as of 16:26, 7 June 2009
Standard kWh meter
Advantages
- fair and transparent
- reading less frequent than collection; if customers go to office, there is cost reduction
- amount and time related tariffs possible (demand steering)
Disadvantages
- high costs (metering device & reading)
- dis- and re-connection in case of late payment
- complicated reading and billing
Pre-paid system with coins or cards
Advantages
- fair and transparent
- no meter reading
- no overdue costs
- no costs for dis- and re-connection
- close to “ability to pay”-variations
- coins less expensive than cards
Disadvantages
- relatively high cost for metering device
- less forgery proof
- costs for re-collection of coins and selling system for coins/cards
Current limiter
Advantages
- simultaneously protecting against overcurrent (actual purpose)
- delimiting peak demand
- no meter reading required; flat rates according to max. amperage
Disadvantages
- danger of fraud and theft of switch fuses
- additional costs for replacement of cut out fuses
- time of usage not considered; less fair
Flat rate
Advantages
- very cheap (no metering or delimiting device)
- especially in rural areas of Indonesia quite common and accepted
- can be combined with number of appliances or installed wattage (social control)
Disadvantages
- provokes waste of electricity, no incentive for saving
- no load control / demand steering possible (peaks)
- less fair
