Difference between revisions of "Oman Energy Situation"

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(give a short overview of the country's energy situation, status quo including energy supply and consumption. If this is too much information, split into sub headings)
 
(give a short overview of the country's energy situation, status quo including energy supply and consumption. If this is too much information, split into sub headings)
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 +
 +
= Energy Supply =
 +
 +
  
 
= Energy Supply =
 
= Energy Supply =
  
 +
In 2011, Algeria has produced a total amount of 145,846 ktoe of energy, which is about 6106 PJ and 1,696,190 GWh. Its main energy source is crude oil (52.1%), followed by gas (44.8%). In comparison, the numbers concerning the renewable energies are much smaller and close to zero. Other energy sources, such as coal, nuclear power or heat are in fact zero, thus giving an impression that Algeria has quite a unilateral energy landscape. Published by the '''International Energy Agency ([http://www.iea.org/ IEA])''', the numbers below offer more detail to Algeria's energy production:
 +
 +
<u>Table 1: Total Energy Production of Algeria (2011)<ref name="International Energy Agency, ©2013,">International Energy Agency, ©2013, "2011 Energy Balance for Algeria", Accessed: Sep 19, 2013, URL: http://www.iea.org/statistics/statisticssearch/report/?country=ALGERIA&product=Balances&year=2011</ref></u><u>:</u><br/>
 +
 +
{| style="width: 100%;" border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5"
 +
|-
 +
| '''Energy Source'''
 +
| '''in ktoe'''
 +
| '''in PJ'''
 +
| in %
 +
|-
 +
| Coal and Peat
 +
| 0
 +
| 0
 +
| 0
 +
|-
 +
| Crude Oil
 +
| 76,198
 +
| 3,190
 +
| 52.24
 +
|-
 +
| Oil Products
 +
| 0
 +
| 0
 +
| 0
 +
|-
 +
| Gas
 +
| 69,589
 +
| 2,914
 +
| 47.71
 +
|-
 +
| Hydro
 +
| 43
 +
| 0.8
 +
| 0.029
 +
|-
 +
| Geothermal, Solar etc.
 +
| 0
 +
| 0
 +
| 0
 +
|-
 +
| Biofuel and waste
 +
| 16
 +
| 0.7
 +
| 0.011
 +
|-
 +
| Electricity
 +
| 0
 +
| 0
 +
| 0
 +
|-
 +
| Heat
 +
| 0
 +
| 0
 +
| 0
 +
|-
 +
| '''Total<sup><font size="2">1</font></sup>'''
 +
| '''145,846'''
 +
| '''6,106'''
 +
|
 +
|}
 +
 +
<br/>The total primary energy supply in Algeria which is outlined in table 2 was 41,852 ktoe in 2011 which translates to 1,752 PJ or 486,739 GWh. Like the national production, oil accounts for the largest amount of primary energy supply in Algeria with 36,220 ktoe, followed by gas with 24,783 ktoe. Algeria is a ressource exporting country. In 2011 40,163 ktoe of crude oil, 20,954 ktoe of oil producs and 44,806 ktoe natural gas were exported.<ref name="International Energy Agency, ©2013,">International Energy Agency, ©2013, "2011 Energy Balance for Algeria", Accessed: Sep 19, 2013, URL: http://www.iea.org/statistics/statisticssearch/report/?country=ALGERIA&product=Balances&year=2011</ref>
 +
 +
<u>Table 2: Total Primary Energy Supply of Algeria (2011)<ref name="International Energy Agency, ©2013,">International Energy Agency, ©2013, "2011 Energy Balance for Algeria", Accessed: Sep 19, 2013, URL: http://www.iea.org/statistics/statisticssearch/report/?country=ALGERIA&product=Balances&year=2011</ref>:</u>
 +
 +
<br/>
 +
 +
{| style="width: 100%;" border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5"
 +
|-
 +
| style="width: 375px;" | '''Energy source'''
 +
| style="width: 145px;" | i'''n ktoe'''
 +
| style="width: 133px;" | '''in PJ'''
 +
|-
 +
| style="width: 375px;" | Coal and Peat
 +
| style="width: 145px;" | 296
 +
| style="width: 133px;" | 12
 +
|-
 +
| style="width: 375px;" | Oil
 +
| style="width: 145px;" | 36,220
 +
| style="width: 133px;" | 1,516
 +
|-
 +
| style="width: 375px;" | Oil Product
 +
| style="width: 145px;" | -19,494
 +
| style="width: 133px;" | -816
 +
|-
 +
| style="width: 375px;" | Gas
 +
| style="width: 145px;" | 24,783
 +
| style="width: 133px;" | 1,038
 +
|-
 +
| style="width: 375px;" | Nuclear
 +
| style="width: 145px;" | 0
 +
| style="width: 133px;" | 0
 +
|-
 +
| style="width: 375px;" | Hydro
 +
| style="width: 145px;" | 43
 +
| style="width: 133px;" | 0.63
 +
|-
 +
| style="width: 375px;" | Geothermal, solar, etc.
 +
| style="width: 145px;" | 0
 +
| style="width: 133px;" | 0
 +
|-
 +
| style="width: 375px;" | Biofuel and waste
 +
| style="width: 145px;" | 16
 +
| style="width: 133px;" | 0.67
 +
|-
 +
| style="width: 375px;" | Electricity
 +
| style="width: 145px;" | -12
 +
| style="width: 133px;" | -0.5
 +
|-
 +
| style="width: 375px;" | Heat
 +
| style="width: 145px;" | 0
 +
| style="width: 133px;" | 0
 +
|-
 +
| style="width: 375px;" | '''Total<sup><font size="2">1</font></sup>'''
 +
| style="width: 145px;" | '''41,852'''
 +
| style="width: 133px;" | '''1,752'''
 +
|}
 +
 +
<sup><font size="2">1</font></sup>Total may not add up due to rounding.
 +
 +
<br/>
 +
 +
Gas in particular appears to be one of the main energy sources for a somewhat mid-term solution. According to the IEA projections, Algeria will have an average growth rate of about 2,5% in natural gas production until 2035.<ref name="International Energy Agency (IEA) (2012),">International Energy Agency (IEA) (2012), "World Energy Outlook 2012", pg. 138.</ref> Most gas production is expected to be in the form of conventional gas,<ref>International Energy Agency (IEA) (2011), "World Energy Outlook 2011 - Are we entering a golden age of gas?", pg. 30</ref> as Algeria (together with Nigeria) is expected to be the leading protagonist in gas production growth in Africa,<ref>International Energy Agency (IEA) (2011), "World Energy Outlook 2011 - Are we entering a golde age of gas?", pg. 28</ref> augmenting export rates once again, after they had dropped in 2009.<ref>International Energy Agency (IEA) (2011), "World Energy Outlook 2011 - Are we entering a golden age of gas?", pg. 31</ref> In addition, the technology of liquefied natural gas (LNG) will be installed and exploited by 2013. According to the IEA, two major liquefied natural gas (LNG) plants are planned for Algeria - Skikda and and Gassi Touil. Both projects envision a starting point of construction in 2013.<ref>International Energy Agency (IEA) (2011), "World Energy Outlook - Are we entering a golden age of gas?", pg. 68</ref>
 +
 +
<br/>
 +
 +
<br/>
 +
 +
<br/>
 +
 +
== Electricity<br/> ==
 +
 +
<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></span>Between 2001 and 2011, electricity production rose from 26,250 GWh <ref>Ministère de l'Energie et des Mines (MEM), Last Updated: - , Accessed: September 20, 2011, URL: http://www.mem-algeria.org/francais/index.php?page=perspectives-de-developpement</ref> to 48,900 GWh.<ref>Commission de Régulation de l'Electricité et du Gaz (CREG), 2011, Rapport d'activité 2011, Algiers: pg. 11.</ref> Between 2010 and 2011 there was an increase of 8.2%. The maximum power demand was 8,606 MW, registered on 8 August 2011. This is an increase of 11.5% as compared to 2010. At the end of 2011, the installed capacity of electricity generation reached 11,524 MW, 10,926 MW of which was connected to the national transmission grid. Electricity sales increased by 8.7% to 38,900 GWh in 2011, as compared to 2010. The total number of customers rose in 2011 by 297,470 to 7,115,550.<ref>Commission de Régulation de l'Electricité et du Gaz (CREG), 2011, Rapport d'activité 2011, Algiers: pg. 11-14.</ref>
 +
 +
<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></span>It appears that this development is mainly due to the economic growth that Algeria has experienced along the way.<ref>Ministère de l'Energie et des Mines (MEM), Last Updated: - , Accessed: September 20, 2011, URL: http://www.mem-algeria.org/francais/index.php?page=perspectives-de-developpement</ref> As Table 3 shows below, main source for the production of electricity is gas with a relativ percentage to the total amount produced of over 97%. Although there are other minor sources of electricity, such as oil and hydro-power, a similar picture as seen in the tables above is being created, suggesting a rather one-sided production and supply (in this case) of electricity.<br/>
 +
 +
<u>Table 3: Electricity Production and Supply of Algeria (2011)<ref name="International Energy Agency, ©2013,">International Energy Agency, ©2013, "Electricity/Heat in Algeria 2009", Last updated: - , Accessed: June 28, 2013, URL:http://www.iea.org/stats/electricitydata.asp?COUNTRY_CODE=DZ </ref>:</u>
 +
 +
<br/>
 +
 +
{| style="width: 100%;" border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5"
 +
|-
 +
| '''Energy Source'''
 +
| '''in GWh'''
 +
| '''in%<sup><font size="2">2,3</font></sup>'''
 +
|-
 +
| Coal
 +
| 0
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Oil
 +
| 2,816
 +
| 2
 +
|-
 +
| Gas
 +
| 47,906
 +
| 97.7
 +
|-
 +
| Biomass
 +
| 0
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Waste
 +
| 0
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Nuclear
 +
| 0
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Hydro
 +
| 502
 +
| 0.7
 +
|-
 +
| Geothermal
 +
| 0
 +
| 0
 +
|-
 +
| Solar PV
 +
| 0
 +
| 0
 +
|-
 +
| Solar thermal
 +
| 0
 +
| 0
 +
|-
 +
| Wind
 +
| 0
 +
| 0
 +
|-
 +
| Tide
 +
| 0
 +
| 0
 +
|-
 +
| Other Sources
 +
| 0
 +
| 0
 +
|-
 +
| '''Total Production'''
 +
| '''51,224'''
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Imports
 +
| 657
 +
| 0.9
 +
|-
 +
| Exports
 +
| -799
 +
| -0.9
 +
|-
 +
| '''Domestic Supply'''
 +
| '''51,082'''
 +
|
 +
|}
 +
 +
<sup>2</sup>In relation to the amount given by "Total Production"
  
 +
<sup>3</sup>Total may not add up due to roundings and overlapping percentages.
  
 +
<br/>
  
  

Revision as of 13:47, 24 September 2013

Sultanate Oman
231px
193px

Capital

Maskat

Official language(s)

Arabic

Government

Monarchy

Head of State

Sultan Qabus bin Said bin Taimur Al Said

Total area

309,500 km2

Population

3,154,134 (July 2013 est.)

Rural population


GDP (nominal)

US $(year)

GDP Per capita

US$ (year)

Currency

.

Time zone

.

Electricity generation

TWh/year (Year)
Access to Electricity %

Wind energy (installed capacity)

MW(Year)

Solar Energy (installed capacity)

MW (Year)


Overview

(give a short overview of the country's energy situation, status quo including energy supply and consumption. If this is too much information, split into sub headings)


Energy Supply

Energy Supply

In 2011, Algeria has produced a total amount of 145,846 ktoe of energy, which is about 6106 PJ and 1,696,190 GWh. Its main energy source is crude oil (52.1%), followed by gas (44.8%). In comparison, the numbers concerning the renewable energies are much smaller and close to zero. Other energy sources, such as coal, nuclear power or heat are in fact zero, thus giving an impression that Algeria has quite a unilateral energy landscape. Published by the International Energy Agency (IEA), the numbers below offer more detail to Algeria's energy production:

Table 1: Total Energy Production of Algeria (2011)[1]:

Energy Source in ktoe in PJ in %
Coal and Peat 0 0 0
Crude Oil 76,198 3,190 52.24
Oil Products 0 0 0
Gas 69,589 2,914 47.71
Hydro 43 0.8 0.029
Geothermal, Solar etc. 0 0 0
Biofuel and waste 16 0.7 0.011
Electricity 0 0 0
Heat 0 0 0
Total1 145,846 6,106


The total primary energy supply in Algeria which is outlined in table 2 was 41,852 ktoe in 2011 which translates to 1,752 PJ or 486,739 GWh. Like the national production, oil accounts for the largest amount of primary energy supply in Algeria with 36,220 ktoe, followed by gas with 24,783 ktoe. Algeria is a ressource exporting country. In 2011 40,163 ktoe of crude oil, 20,954 ktoe of oil producs and 44,806 ktoe natural gas were exported.[1]

Table 2: Total Primary Energy Supply of Algeria (2011)[1]:


Energy source in ktoe in PJ
Coal and Peat 296 12
Oil 36,220 1,516
Oil Product -19,494 -816
Gas 24,783 1,038
Nuclear 0 0
Hydro 43 0.63
Geothermal, solar, etc. 0 0
Biofuel and waste 16 0.67
Electricity -12 -0.5
Heat 0 0
Total1 41,852 1,752

1Total may not add up due to rounding.


Gas in particular appears to be one of the main energy sources for a somewhat mid-term solution. According to the IEA projections, Algeria will have an average growth rate of about 2,5% in natural gas production until 2035.[2] Most gas production is expected to be in the form of conventional gas,[3] as Algeria (together with Nigeria) is expected to be the leading protagonist in gas production growth in Africa,[4] augmenting export rates once again, after they had dropped in 2009.[5] In addition, the technology of liquefied natural gas (LNG) will be installed and exploited by 2013. According to the IEA, two major liquefied natural gas (LNG) plants are planned for Algeria - Skikda and and Gassi Touil. Both projects envision a starting point of construction in 2013.[6]




Electricity

Between 2001 and 2011, electricity production rose from 26,250 GWh [7] to 48,900 GWh.[8] Between 2010 and 2011 there was an increase of 8.2%. The maximum power demand was 8,606 MW, registered on 8 August 2011. This is an increase of 11.5% as compared to 2010. At the end of 2011, the installed capacity of electricity generation reached 11,524 MW, 10,926 MW of which was connected to the national transmission grid. Electricity sales increased by 8.7% to 38,900 GWh in 2011, as compared to 2010. The total number of customers rose in 2011 by 297,470 to 7,115,550.[9]

It appears that this development is mainly due to the economic growth that Algeria has experienced along the way.[10] As Table 3 shows below, main source for the production of electricity is gas with a relativ percentage to the total amount produced of over 97%. Although there are other minor sources of electricity, such as oil and hydro-power, a similar picture as seen in the tables above is being created, suggesting a rather one-sided production and supply (in this case) of electricity.

Table 3: Electricity Production and Supply of Algeria (2011)[1]:


Energy Source in GWh in%2,3
Coal 0
Oil 2,816 2
Gas 47,906 97.7
Biomass 0
Waste 0
Nuclear 0
Hydro 502 0.7
Geothermal 0 0
Solar PV 0 0
Solar thermal 0 0
Wind 0 0
Tide 0 0
Other Sources 0 0
Total Production 51,224
Imports 657 0.9
Exports -799 -0.9
Domestic Supply 51,082

2In relation to the amount given by "Total Production"

3Total may not add up due to roundings and overlapping percentages.



Energy Consumption

Energy Sources

Hydropower

Solar Energy

Biomass

Biogas

Wind Energy

Geothermal Energy

Fossil Fuels

Key Problems of the Energy Sector

Policy Framework, Laws and Regulations

General Energy Policy, Energy Strategy

Important Laws and Regulations

Specific Strategies

(Biomass, Renewable Energies, Rural Electrification, Energy Access Strategy, Poverty Reduction Strategy etc.)

Institutional Set-up in the Energy Sector

Activities of Donors and Implementing Agencies

Further Information

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 International Energy Agency, ©2013, "2011 Energy Balance for Algeria", Accessed: Sep 19, 2013, URL: http://www.iea.org/statistics/statisticssearch/report/?country=ALGERIA&product=Balances&year=2011 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "International Energy Agency, ©2013," defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ International Energy Agency (IEA) (2012), "World Energy Outlook 2012", pg. 138.
  3. ↑ International Energy Agency (IEA) (2011), "World Energy Outlook 2011 - Are we entering a golden age of gas?", pg. 30
  4. ↑ International Energy Agency (IEA) (2011), "World Energy Outlook 2011 - Are we entering a golde age of gas?", pg. 28
  5. ↑ International Energy Agency (IEA) (2011), "World Energy Outlook 2011 - Are we entering a golden age of gas?", pg. 31
  6. ↑ International Energy Agency (IEA) (2011), "World Energy Outlook - Are we entering a golden age of gas?", pg. 68
  7. ↑ Ministère de l'Energie et des Mines (MEM), Last Updated: - , Accessed: September 20, 2011, URL: http://www.mem-algeria.org/francais/index.php?page=perspectives-de-developpement
  8. ↑ Commission de Régulation de l'Electricité et du Gaz (CREG), 2011, Rapport d'activité 2011, Algiers: pg. 11.
  9. ↑ Commission de Régulation de l'Electricité et du Gaz (CREG), 2011, Rapport d'activité 2011, Algiers: pg. 11-14.
  10. ↑ Ministère de l'Energie et des Mines (MEM), Last Updated: - , Accessed: September 20, 2011, URL: http://www.mem-algeria.org/francais/index.php?page=perspectives-de-developpement


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