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'''Electrification of Six Health Centres in Rhino Camp and Imvepi Refugee Settlements in Uganda – Baseline Assessment Results.'''
+
<div class="WISIONS">
 +
{{back button|WISIONS_of_Sustainability|Back to WISIONS Start Page}}
  
−
= BACKGROUND =
+
Throughout the duration of the project, WISIONS has formed partnerships and supported several energy practitioner networks.  
−
Uganda is among twenty countries with the largest population lack­ing access to electricity where only 43% of the total population have access to electricity. The importance of reliable, sustainable and accessible energy for health centers in undebatable. Electricity is required for lighting to visualize patients for examination, procedures, and monitoring; to operate life-saving electric medical devices and diagnostic equipment as well as sterilize equipment; refrigerate medicines and biologic samples for diagnostic testing; and facilitate communication between healthcare providers for emergency medical transport, consultations, coordination and more. Based on the results from the 2007 Uganda Service Provision, 58% of health facilities did not have access to electricity and only 15% had “reliable” electricity. When further disaggregated on the basis of health facility type, 60% of lower level health facilities do not have access to electricity.
 
  
−
Against this background, the GIZ programmes Energy Solutions for Displacement Settings (ESDS) and Energising Development (EnDev) intended to provide and install off-grid photovoltaic system (OGS PVS) for six health centres located within Rhino Camp and Imvepi Refugee Settlements in Terego and Madi Okollo districts, Uganda in 2021. This article provides a summary of the baseline assessment results that was conducted in 2021 prior to the electrification of these six health centers.
+
== Partnerships with Research Focus ==
 +
=== Misak People, Colombia ===
  
−
= Methodology =
+
==== Misak migration and homeland interrelations ====
−
The '''relationship between energy access and health''' is assessed using '''proxy indicators on facility performance''' (operating hours – night-time, total hours per day; clinic visits), '''availability of electricity and/or electrical equipment for health service delivery''' (specific to health facility (WHO/SARA and USAID/Measure Health surveys)''', and healthcare worker attitudes and motivation'''.
+
In Colombia, many Indigenous communities have been displaced or have settled far from their ancestral territories. In the department of Cauca, the Misak community has experienced significant youth migration driven by the pursuit of education and income-generating opportunities outside their traditional lands. Yet, many of those who have migrated maintain strong familial and cultural connections with their communities.
  
−
There are three main '''study limitations''':
+
This partnership project run from 2025 - 2026. It aimed to deepen understanding of the dynamic relationships between migrants and their territories of origin, with a particular focus on how their knowledge and practices influence the future of mountain landscapes and community life in the original territories. To achieve this, the project employed an action-oriented research approach, using qualitative and collaborative methods aimed at fostering reflection and driving tangible, community-based actions.
  
−
1.      Lack of facility disaggregated Health Information System
+
==== Our Partners ====
 +
The Mountain-Diaspora Colombia project was organised in close cooperation with the Universidad Nacional de Colombia in Bogotá, particularly the Excellency Center on Sustainable Agri-food Systems (CE_SAS). Among its various initiatives, CE_SAS has led an action-oriented research project focused on transforming food systems to enhance livelihoods and promote environmental sustainability in two Indigenous territories. Through this work, it has already established connections with the Misak community in Cauca.
  
−
2.      Unequal sex ratio among community representatives
+
==== Objectives ====
 +
The project aimed to achieve the following objectives:
  
−
'''3.    ''' Unable to access some solar components for observation and documentation  
+
* Characterize Diasporic Situations by analyzing the relationship between community actors settled in the ancestral territory and those settled outside it.
  
−
= Baseline Assessment Results =
+
* Identify the Impact that diasporic conditions have had on the configuration of the ancestral territory, particularly on the agri-food systems and on the energy practices.
  
−
== Selection of health centres ==
+
* Co-create Strategies to promote diasporic situations that contribute to dignified and sustainable ways of life in ancestral territories.
−
Five health facilities fall under the direct managing authority of the Ministry of Health (MOH) (three in Terego and two in Madi Okollo in service 25 to 29 years) and one health facility is under the direct managing authority of International Rescue Committee (IRC) (in service for 5 years). Regardless of managing authority, all health facilities receive support – technical, infrastructural, staffing, and other – from the Ministry of Health, a multitude of implementing partners, and UNHCR. '''The managing authority of health facilities have important implications on the engagement of stakeholders for ownership, maintenance, and sustainability of the OGS PVS assets'''.  
 
  
−
Across all health facilities, the largest number of nationals within catchment population are from South Sudan, followed by Uganda, and then the Democratic of Congo. Refugees from Burundi, Kenya, and the Central Africa Republic are also represented in Ocea HC II in Madi Okollo, Rhino Camp.
 
  
−
Overview of the selected health centers
+
=== Ilaje People, Nigeria ===
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
| rowspan="2" |'''Health Center'''
 
−
| rowspan="2" |'''Refugee Settlement'''
 
−
| rowspan="2" |'''District'''
 
−
| rowspan="2" |'''Health Facility  Level'''
 
−
| rowspan="2" |'''Managing Authority'''
 
−
| rowspan="2" |'''Years of Service'''
 
−
| colspan="3" |'''Catchment Population''' 
 
−
|-
 
−
|'''Refugee'''
 
−
|'''Host'''
 
−
|'''Total'''
 
−
|-
 
−
|Imvepi HC II
 
−
|Imvepi
 
−
|Terego
 
−
|HC II
 
−
|MOH
 
−
|26
 
−
|19,668
 
−
|3,224
 
−
|22,892
 
−
|-
 
−
|Yinga HC III
 
−
|Imvepi
 
−
|Terego
 
−
|HC III
 
−
|MOH
 
−
|25
 
−
|10,813
 
−
|7.351
 
−
|18,164
 
−
|-
 
−
|Siripi HC  III
 
−
|Rhino Camp
 
−
|Terego
 
−
|HC III
 
−
|MOH
 
−
|27
 
−
|13,090
 
−
|5,500
 
−
|18,590
 
−
|-
 
−
|Ofua HC III
 
−
|Rhino Camp
 
−
|Terego
 
−
|HC III
 
−
|IRC
 
−
|5
 
−
|26,952
 
−
|Unknown
 
−
|Unknown
 
−
|-
 
−
|Ocea HC II
 
−
|Rhino Camp
 
−
|Madi Okollo
 
−
|HC II
 
−
|MOH
 
−
|26
 
−
|18,428
 
−
|3,729
 
−
|22,157
 
−
|-
 
−
|Odoubu HC II
 
−
|Rhino Camp
 
−
|Madi Okollo
 
−
|HC II
 
−
|MOH
 
−
|29
 
−
|12,461
 
−
|4,500
 
−
|16,961
 
−
|}
 
  
−
== '''Baseline:''' Electrification Status ==
+
==== Ilaje migration and homeland interrelations ====
−
None of the six health centres were connected to the national or community grid. However, all six health centres had at least one partially function OGS PVS and 3 health facilities had at least one diesel generator. Five had standalone EPI solar refrigerators to store and ensure cold chain of vaccines and oxytocin. Four had a We Care Solar installed to charge small devices, such as the HemoCue, Foetal Doppler, and mobile phone, and only 3 of the We Care Solar are functional as the battery of the We Care Solar was stolen at one facility. Finally, Two health facilities had Mobile Power (MoPo) power banks to provide additional power
+
The Aiyetoro community in Lagos, Nigeria, has been home to a diasporic Ilaje population for over 50 years. The Ilaje, originally from fishing communities in Ondo – approximately 250 kilometers north of Nigeria’s capital – have maintained a strong cultural identity and deep-rooted ties to their homeland. Faced with marginalization by both host communities and government authorities in Lagos, the Ilaje diaspora has developed bottom-up governance strategies. These include initiatives such as participatory land mapping and allocation systems that safeguard women’s land rights.
  
−
== Reliability of Electricity from the solar system ==
+
This partnership project run from 2025 - 2026. It aimed to deepen understanding of the dynamic relationships between the Ilaje diaspora in Aiyetoro and their communities of origin. It specifically explored how these connections might be reconfigured to strengthen sustainable ‘ways of living’ in both their rural homelands and urban contexts.
−
The table below shows the reliability of the solar electricity where the different colour shows the different reliability status.
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
| colspan="7" |'''''Reliability  of Solar Electricity'''''
 
  
−
Measure 1: During the '''last  7 days''', was electricity at all times from the main or any back up sources  when the facility was open for services?
+
To achieve this, the project adopted an action-oriented research approach, employing qualitative and collaborative methods designed to foster critical reflection and promote tangible, community-driven outcomes.
  
−
1=Always available (no interruptions) – green
+
==== Our Partners ====
 +
The Rural-Diaspora Nigeria project is organised in close cooperation with the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, in particular with the Centre for Petroleum, Energy Economics and Law.
  
−
2=Often available (interruptions of less  than 2 hours per day) – yellow 
+
One of its main objectives is to develop the human capacity needed to formulate and implement energy policies and regulations for the effective management of natural resources in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and to provide a platform for energy professionals, institutions and the general public to meet.
  
−
3=Sometimes available (frequent or prolonged  interruptions of more than 2 hours per day) '''–''' red
+
==== Objectives ====
 +
The project aimed to achieve the following objectives:
  
−
Measure 2: How many days  during '''the past week''' was  electricity not available for at least 2 hours during a time the facility was  open for services? This includes emergency services.  
+
* Map Urban-Rural Relations to explore and document the various forms of connection the Ilaje diaspora in Aiyetoro maintain with their places of origin – facilitating mutual understanding between communities across urban and rural contexts.
 +
* Trace Influence on the home territory to examine how interactions with the diaspora shape and impact the social, economic, and environmental realities of the Ilaje homeland.
 +
* Strengthen Ways of Living to identify and co-develop opportunities for reshaping diaspora – homeland relations in ways that enhance the potential for sustainable, fulfilling, and prosperous lives in both rural and urban settings.
  
−
0-7
+
=== Community Forests, Nepal ===
−
|-
 
−
|'''Reliability of  Electricity'''
 
−
|'''Imvepi HC II'''
 
  
−
(Imvepi)
+
==== Changing dynamics of relations between people and community forests ====
−
|'''Ocea HC II'''
+
For decades, Nepal’s Community Forest Users’ Groups (CFUGs) have been the backbone of local environmental stewardship, fostering a deep sense of ownership and connecting forest resources to cultural identity and future aspirations. However, these vital community ties are currently under threat. Rapid demographic shifts, particularly the outmigration of young men, have disrupted traditional management systems and placed a heavier burden on women and marginalized groups. These changes risk eroding generations of traditional ecological knowledge and weakening the sustainable practices that have long protected Nepal’s landscapes.
  
−
(Rhino Camp)
+
The Baglung District, specifically the rural municipalities of Badigad and Nisikhola in Nepal’s Gandaki Province, serves as a critical focal point for studying these dynamics. While the region is rich in resources and history, there are early signs that the CFUGs are experiencing strained managerial capacity and potential changes in relations with their community forests. Leveraging our established partnerships with groups in the region, our research will explore these changes.
−
|'''Odoubu HC II'''
 
  
−
(Rhino Camp)
+
The research is designed as a real-world laboratory to capture the described trends in collaboration with local partners and local communities. It explores the research questions:
−
|'''Yinga HC III'''
 
  
−
(Imvepi)
+
* How do individuals and communities in Nepal relate to their community forests?
−
|'''Siripi HC III'''
+
* How have these relationships evolved over the past 10–20 years?
 +
* How is this relationship expected to develop in the future?
 +
* What can be extrapolated from the research results on changes in human-forest relationships on a global scale?
  
−
(Rhino Camp)
+
The project seeks to encourage participatory reflection among CFUGs and therefore encompasses multiple dimensions of the human–forest relationship, including personal, cultural, and livelihood dimensions, as well as economic, management, and governmental aspects.
−
|'''Ofua HC III'''
 
  
−
(Rhino Camp)
+
==== Our Partners ====
−
|-
+
This collaborative project bridges RECOFTC’s extensive history in Nepali forest governance with the WISIONS team’s expertise in transdisciplinary research, and the participation of Bishnu Prasad Devkota, from the Institute of Forestry in the University of Tribhuvan. By combining these strengths, we aim to gain deep insights into the ecological health and economic value of community forests across our target regions.
−
|  Outpatient
 
−
|7
 
−
|7
 
−
|3
 
−
|6
 
−
|7
 
−
|7
 
−
|-
 
−
|  Pharmacy
 
−
|7
 
−
|7
 
−
|3
 
−
|6
 
−
|7
 
−
|7
 
−
|-
 
−
|  Laboratory
 
−
|7
 
−
|7
 
−
|3
 
−
|6
 
−
|7
 
−
|7
 
−
|-
 
−
|  Inpatient ward
 
−
|0
 
−
|Not wired
 
−
|0
 
−
|7
 
−
|0
 
−
|7
 
−
|-
 
−
|  Maternity
 
−
|0
 
−
|7
 
−
|0
 
−
|7
 
−
|0
 
−
|7
 
−
|-
 
−
|  HIV/TB Clinic
 
−
|7
 
−
|7
 
−
|3
 
−
|7
 
−
|7
 
−
|7
 
−
|-
 
−
|  Nutrition Ward
 
−
|N/A
 
−
|N/A
 
−
|N/A
 
−
|7
 
−
|N/A
 
−
|7
 
−
|-
 
−
|  SGBV Protection House
 
−
|Not wired
 
−
|N/A
 
−
|3
 
−
|0
 
−
|N/A
 
−
|N/A
 
−
|-
 
−
|  Security Guard House
 
−
|Not wired
 
−
|Not wired
 
−
|Not wired
 
−
|7
 
−
|Not wired
 
−
|Not wired
 
−
|-
 
−
| rowspan="6" |  Staff Quarters
 
−
| rowspan="6" |7
 
−
|7
 
−
| rowspan="6" |3
 
−
| rowspan="6" |7
 
−
| rowspan="6" |7
 
−
| rowspan="6" |7
 
−
|-
 
−
|7
 
−
|-
 
−
|7
 
−
|-
 
−
|7
 
−
|-
 
−
|7
 
−
|-
 
−
|7
 
−
|-
 
−
| rowspan="2" |  Isolation Ward
 
−
| rowspan="2" |Not wired
 
−
| rowspan="2" |Not wired
 
−
| rowspan="2" |Not wired
 
−
| rowspan="2" |Not wired
 
−
| rowspan="2" |Not wired
 
−
|COVID19 – 0
 
−
|-
 
−
|TB ward not  wired
 
−
|-
 
−
|  Latrines + Bathing Shelters
 
−
|Not wired
 
−
|Not wired
 
−
|Not wired
 
−
|Not wired
 
−
|Not wired
 
−
|Not wired
 
−
|-
 
−
| rowspan="4" |  Security lights
 
−
| rowspan="3" |Gate - 7
 
−
| rowspan="3" |IPD - 7
 
−
| rowspan="4" |N/A
 
−
|Gate – 0
 
−
| rowspan="4" |0
 
−
| rowspan="4" |0
 
−
|-
 
−
|IPD – 0
 
−
|-
 
−
|Isolation –  0
 
−
|-
 
−
|Staff  quarters - 0
 
−
|Latrine - 7
 
−
|Maternity -  7
 
−
|-
 
−
|''' ''' Medicine Stores
 
−
|7
 
−
|7
 
−
|0
 
−
|6
 
−
|7
 
−
|7
 
−
|}
 
  
 +
A central part of this research involves working with CFUGs to understand their role in navigating modern environmental challenges and their relation to their community forests. In Nepal, CFUGs have played a vital role in forest management for several decades. These organisations foster a sense of ownership and responsibility among community members. Through this partnership, we aim to contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between CFUGs and forests, and to ensure a resilient future for Nepal’s forests.
  
−
Availability of solar lighting on a typical night in the maternity ward during dry and rainy seasons (data from 2021 Baseline Qualitative Interviews)
+
==== Objectives ====
−
{| class="wikitable"
+
The project aims to achieve the following objectives:
−
|'''Health Center'''
 
−
|'''Availability of  Lighting on a Typical Night in Maternity Ward During Dry Season'''
 
  
−
(January  2021)
+
* Encourage the local populations to reflect on the current relationship to their community forests and reflect on potential changes in this relationship in recent years.
−
|'''Availability of Lighting on a Typical Night in Maternity Ward During Rainy Season'''
+
* Reimagine the role and values of community forests for the future.
 +
* Enable global learning for changes in human-nature relationships.
  
−
(September  2020)
 
−
|'''Difference in Hours  of Availability of Lighting Between Dry and Rainy Seasons'''
 
−
|-
 
−
|Imvepi HC II
 
−
|No data
 
−
|No data
 
−
|No data
 
−
|-
 
−
|Yinga HC III
 
−
|7pm to 2am  (7 hours)
 
−
|7pm to 11pm  (4 hours)
 
−
|<nowiki>-3 hours</nowiki>
 
−
|-
 
−
|Siripi HC  III
 
−
|7pm to 5am  (10 hours)
 
−
|7pm to 2am  (7 hours)
 
−
|<nowiki>-3 hours</nowiki>
 
−
|-
 
−
|Ofua HC III
 
−
|8pm to 6am  (10 hours)
 
−
|8pm to 2am  (6 hours)
 
−
|<nowiki>-4 hours</nowiki>
 
−
|-
 
−
|Ocea HC II
 
−
|7pm to  2.30am (7.5 hours)
 
−
|7pm to 10pm  (3 hours)
 
−
|<nowiki>-4.5 hours</nowiki>
 
−
|-
 
−
|Odoubu HC II
 
−
|7pm to 6am  (11 hours)
 
−
|7pm to 2am  (7 hours)
 
−
|<nowiki>-4 hours</nowiki>
 
−
|}
 
  
−
== Maintenance of the energy systems ==
 
−
'''For diesel systems''', all 3 health facilities reported having a routine preventive maintenance program. However, they do no have their own strategies for repair and replacement but rather report to donor in such cases. Only one facility had trained staff on maintenance and one reported on having an O&M manual.
 
  
−
'''For solar systems,''' 3/6 reported having a routine preventive maintenance programme for their solar systems. 1/6 reported receiving maintenance support from an external technician 2/6 reported performing on-site cleaning of the solar arrays, but without a specialized technician. If there were problems with the solar systems at the health facility, 2/6 facilities said they would call the donor for replacement and 4/6 facilities said they did not have a formalized system in place. None of the facilities reported having staff trained on how to maintain a solar system and one health facility (1/6) reported having an O&M manual for the solar system.
 
  
−
== Electricity and Health Service Delivery at the Health Centers ==
 
−
According to the five facility in-charges under MOH, the first solar panels were installed when the health facilities were established for the arrival of the first wave of refugees from South Sudan over 20 years ago. Multiple partners, including Care International, Danish Refugee Council, and UNICEF, have since donated and installed different OGS PVS in select wards/ departments/ units and staff quarters.
 
  
−
While each health facility appears to have many OGS PVS, few of them are fully functional. Healthcare workers report frequent interruptions of electricity at the health facility and have developed multiple strategies to mitigate the impact of energy deficit on health service delivery. These '''mitigation strategies''' are categorized into four main categories:
 
  
−
-       '''conserving energy for emergency use''',
+
== Partnerships with Capacity Building Focus ==
  
−
-       '''finding alternative systems for energy''' (e.g., dry cell batteries, diesel generator..)
+
=== YouthEnergy ===
 +
xxx
  
−
-       '''use of manual, non-electric methods''' in consultation, diagnostic, sterilization of equipment, and reporting, improvising locale of service delivery to access energy (e.g., moving patient to another ward to access lighting or electricity)
 
  
−
-       '''patient referral''' to another health facility or sending out patient samples for analysis at another laboratory.  
+
=== ACCESS Coalition ===
 +
In collaboration with the Alliance of Civil Society Organizations for Clean Energy Access (ACCESS), based in Nairobi, Kenya, we have organised two webinar series to build capacity and enable knowledge sharing among energy practitioners.
  
−
== Ownership of Solar Systems ==
+
==== Access Coalition Webinar Series ====
−
There is limited sense of ownership for the existing OGS PVS with the exception of the Mobile Power charging stations. In case of any failure, the health facility’s strategy is to call the district or the partner for help and replacement. According to several healthcare workers, capacitating the staff to look after the solar systems can help them feel ownership and responsibility towards these assets.
+
While the first webinar in 2019 focused on the productive uses of energy (PUE) and the role of Civil Society Organizations in promoting PUE, the second webinar discussed the Impact of COVID-19 on Energy Access Organizations.
  
−
== Capacity building for maintenance of the solar systems ==
+
Further information and the recordings can be accessed [[Energy Access Series 2019|here]].  
−
None of the health centers are capaicted to provide routine maintenance of the solar systems and od not have designated staffs for O&M of the existing OGS PVS. In genera, Interviewed healthcare workers and HUMC members showed wiliness to learn basic O&M skills. The District Health Officer noted that Arua Regional Referral Hospital’s equipment maintenance unit has existing capacity and expertise which could be leveraged on.
 
  
−
== Funding for maintenance, repair, and replacement of solar systems ==
+
==== Webinar Series: Maximising the Impacts of Energy Access on People’s Development Opportunities ====
−
The primary source of funding is donors grants and apart from that two additional sources like Capital Development Fund and the District Development Equalization grant were identified. For health facilities manged by MOH, the funding sources include: Primary Health Care (PHC) Fund and Results-Based Financing
+
Running from 2022 to 2023, the series focused on maximizing the impacts of energy access on people’s development opportunities. It comprised five editions, each featuring multiple experts and practitioners discussing different aspects of enhancing energy access.
  
−
As a result of limited funding opportunities and the recognition that repairs and replacements of solar components, such as batteries will exceed what is available from the PHC funds, HUMC, health facility staff, and district health officers feel that GIZ should budget funds to support the maintenance of OGS PVS. HUMC and healthcare workers are eager for support to initiate income-generating activities in order to generate funds to support the minor maintenance and repair of the solar systems. Each site had its own ideas of what would work in its setting (see below table). Notably, these income-generating activities would need an injection of start-up capital in order to be functionalized.  
+
The inextricable link between energy and virtually all the SDGs is increasingly recognised. While there is an active debate about how to accelerate the achievement of the universal energy access goal, less focus has been given to the question of how to maximise the development effects of energy access.
  
 +
* The first seminar set the scene for the series by exploring aspects crucial to maximising contributions to multiple SDGs. Our guests were Dr Long Seng To, Joint Director of STEER at Loughborough University; Angelica Shamerina, Advisor at the GEF Small Grants Programme, UNDP; and Grace Ronoh, Programme Officer at the ACCESS Coalition.
 +
* The second seminar focused on highlighting the importance of understanding and integrating the contextual and cultural aspects of people’s lives and capacities into the conception and realisation of energy projects. Our panellists were Ayu Abdullah, Co-Executive Director of Energy Action Partners (ENACT), and Emmanuel Cyoy Ngeywo, a consultant on energy delivery models (EDMs).
 +
* The third seminar demonstrated that, in order for energy to effectively improve livelihoods, people must have the opportunity to use it productively. Luciana Proietti (Co-founder and President of Foundation 500RPM), Victor Gathogo (Energy Advisor at SNV) and Temitope Udo-Affia (Technical Assistance Coordinator and Market Development at GET.transform) were invited to share their experiences and discuss how energy access projects can create opportunities for productive use.
 +
* The fourth edition began with an acknowledgement of people’s specific aspirations and opportunities within their local context, asking how local rootedness can be applied to energy planning and policy processes on a much larger scale, such as at provincial or national level. Two case studies of inclusive and integrated energy planning processes were presented by the two panellists, Gabriel Sundoro Wynn (Energy Access Lead at Green Empowerment) and Elizabeth Wanja (Coordinator of the Kenya Climate Change Working Group).
 +
* The fifth and final seminar considered how energy access interventions can effectively integrate gender responsiveness to empower women. Our expert speakers were Silvia Sartori (Gender & Energy Consultant), Thabit Mikidadi (Programme Manager at TANGSEN, Tanzania) and Ashma Pakhrin (Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning Expert at ADB TA 9334 in Nepal) will share practical experiences from their work in Tanzania and Nepal.
  
−
Ideas of income generating activities to sustain OGS PVS
+
More information about the webinars and the recordings can be accessed '''here'''.  
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|'''Health facility'''
 
−
|'''Proposed Income Generating Activities to sustain OGS  PVS'''
 
−
|'''Proposed Management of Income-Generating Activities'''
 
−
|-
 
−
|Yinga HC III
 
−
|Canteen with excess energy to charge phones and power a refrigerator to sell cold drinks, also offer mobile money services
 
  
−
HUMC can also sell some trees they own
+
=== Energy Practitioners Nigeria ===
−
|HUMC
+
In collaboration with the Clean Technology Hub (Nigeria) and the German Reiner Lemoine Institute, we implemented a capacity-building programme in Lagos. Between 2023 and 2024, this included an extensive online training module as well as on-site workshops, facilitating a holistic approach to decentralized renewable energy systems.
−
|-
 
−
|Imvepi HC II
 
−
|Canteen with excess energy to charge phones, sell  cold drinks, and power a photocopier so they can offer photocopying services
 
−
|HUMC
 
−
|-
 
−
|Ocea HC II
 
−
|Kiosk with excess energy to charge phones at a fee  of 300 shs. Power a refrigerator to sell cold drinks, sell home-made bread in  canteen, offer printing and photocopying services, start a saloon for shaving  hair for men and women, put up a place to repair phones and computers, sell  airtime,
 
−
|No data
 
−
|-
 
−
|Siripi HC III
 
−
|Charge phones at 300 shs, call upon RWC and  community members to make contribution to solar systems, sell cold drinks in fridge, offer photocopying services, sell dry ratios, start mobile money  services, ask GIZ to bring power banks for rental (similar to MoPo) so they  can hire out the power banks for money
 
−
|LCs and healthcare workers
 
−
|-
 
−
|Ofua HC II
 
−
|Collect contributions from community members of  about 100-500 per individual, work through “block leaders”, borrow money from  the saving group, use excess energy to charge phones of 500 UGX, sell cold drinks,  sell mixed goods – soap, biscuits, books, pens, cosmetics, torches, and  batteries
 
−
|HUMC
 
−
|-
 
−
|Odoubu HC II
 
−
|Use excess energy to buy a photocopier and printer,  offer phone charging at 500 UGX, start a photo studio, put a pool table at  the youth friendly services and charge people to play it, laundry services to  wash and iron people’s clothes, start a saloon for men and women, sell drinks  and put a TV to entice people to come
 
−
|HUMC and community leaders
 
−
|-
 
−
|DHO Terego
 
−
|Charge healthcare workers residing in staff quarters  with OGS PVS for the electricity
 
−
|District level – DHO, CAO, and LCV
 
  
−
Catchment area - Facility in-charges and sub-county  chiefs as direct overseers of these health facilities
+
Find more information about the project and its results, visit the [[Nigeria Off-Grid Solar Knowledge Hub|'''Nigeria Off-Grid Solar Knowledge Hub''']] on energypedia.
  
−
Within health facility activity - HUMC chairperson
+
=== IICA & RedBioLAC  ===
−
|}
 
  
−
'''RECOMMENDATIONS'''
+
Together with RedBioLAC, Asobiogas, and the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA), we developed an online learning platform – hosted by IICA – as well as conducted field visits to various facilities across South America. Spanning from 2023 to 2024, the program aimed to strengthen the capacities of decision-makers in the region and generate political support to scale up the implementation of biodigester technologies.
  
−
Figure Model Sustainability Framework (United Nations Foundation and Sustainable Energy for All, 2019)
 
  
−
1.      '''Ensure adequate sizing of solar systems to fully functionalize health service delivery'''
 
  
−
2.      '''Develop and implement an O&M plan for each health facility'''
 
  
−
3.      '''Develop and implement a sustainability plan for each health facility'''
+
== Energy Practitioner Networks ==
 +
WISIONS fostered regional partnerships and practitioner networks to facilitate knowledge development and sharing between practitioners and stakeholders and to induce the broader dissemination of decentralised renewable energy solutions. Four international networks have been consolidated and they each focus on a specific technical solution for a region. These networks actively involve more than 120 organisations and individuals who have long been committed to people-centred sustainable energy solutions.
  
−
'''4.      Leverage health system strengthening opportunities with the anticipated improvement in availability and reliability of electricity'''
+
=== Energy Practitioners – The People Behind Every Successful Energy Project ===
 +
The key actors on the frontline of the ongoing efforts to provide energy services to unelectrified and under-served areas in developing and emerging countries are considered to be “practitioners”. These practitioners work for non-governmental organisations, as energy entrepreneurs, in energy agencies, for small and medium-sized enterprises or as independent experts. Together with associated organisations, they are based and operate in the target areas and offer a direct link to communities and end-users of the energy services.
  
−
'''5.      Measuring impact'''
+
Consequently, they are often more than simply providers of technology; ideally they should be good organisers, financial managers, problem solvers, trainers and mediators as well as good technical installers.
 +
 
 +
Their work in the field and within communities provides the practitioners with in-depth knowledge, daily lessons and hands-on training – and is riddled with challenges. At the same time, these practitioners have only limited opportunities to share their experiences with other practitioners or stakeholders such as policymakers or decision-makers.
 +
 
 +
We consider Energy Practitioner Networks to be an important means for facilitating effective knowledge exchange and mutual learning, giving practitioners a voice. As such, these networks play an important role in the transformation towards (decentralised) sustainable energy systems in off-grid regions.
 +
 
 +
=== Networks – Key Elements ===
 +
Social networks – relationships between a set of actors such as individuals or organisations – are widespread and recognised for facilitating successful international cooperation and exchanging research knowledge.<ref>Henry, A. D.& Vollan, B. (2014). Networks and the Challenge of Sustainable Development. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 2014, 39, 583–610.</ref>
 +
 
 +
Energy practitioner networks in the global south, which in this publication are defined as social networks that involve and interlink practitioners active in the field of decentralised energy solutions, are still scarce.
 +
 
 +
Network is a generic term and in different social networks the type of members, topics, organisational structure and means of communication differ enormously; however basic preconditions apply to every social (knowledge) network. These include the purpose of the network, its structure and its processes.<ref>Neugebauer, U. & Beywl, W. Methoden zur Netzwerkevaluation (2006). Z. Für Eval. 2006, 249–286</ref><ref>Gajo, M. et al (2013). Netzwerkevaluierung – Ein Leitfaden zur Bewertung von Kooperation in Netzwerken; GIZ: Eschborn, 2013.</ref>
 +
 
 +
==== Purpose ====
 +
 
 +
* '''Shared target and vision''' – a basic understanding among the members that only by working jointly can the mutual targets be achieved and the mutual problems solved.
 +
* '''Group composition/landscape of members''' – the network’s members must be sufficiently heterogenic to allow for mutual learning, but not too different to hinder exchange.
 +
 
 +
==== Structure ====
 +
 
 +
* '''Member’s mutuality''' – all members recognise that every member is an expert who can contribute, but who can also gain from the cooperation within a sound ratio of give and take. This spirit is facilitated through mutual trust and a flat network hierarchy.
 +
* '''Network structure and formalising relationships''' – a basic structure is crucial and should include a clear organisational plan, clear decision-making processes and clearly allocated responsibilities. Ideally the network structure should be planned when the network is initially created.
 +
* '''Promoter''' – it is helpful to have an internal (or external) promoter or to develop a culture of cooperation and support the development of competencies, external relationships and advocacy.
 +
 
 +
==== Processes ====
 +
 
 +
* '''Communication''' – the relationships between the actors need to be maintained by means of (targeted) communication.
 +
* '''Active exchange & common activities''' – a core element is the actual interaction between the members, which must take place regularly in order for the network to be effective and become sustainable.
 +
* '''Monitoring impact''' – last but not least, measuring the impact and value of the network, as well as the functionality and efficiency of its work, are elements that need to be considered.
 +
 
 +
Specifically, knowledge networks provide an opportunity to foster the dissemination of decentralised sustainable energy solutions beyond the timeframe and scope of individual projects by emphasising joint value creation, by strengthening the capacity of all members and by providing more options to transform knowledge into policy and practice as well as to influence decision-making processes.<ref>Creech, H. (2006). Measuring while you manage: Planning, monitoring and evaluating knowledge networks; International Institute for Sustainable Development: Winnipeg.</ref><ref>Bellwald, S. et al (2013). Netzwerke und kooperationen in der Regionalentwicklung – Praxisblatt; regiosuisse – Netzwerkstelle Regionalentwicklung. Brig</ref><ref>Borkenhagen, P. et al (2004). Netzwerkmanagement; Arbeitsgemeinschaft Betriebliche Weiterbildungsforschung e. V.: Berlin, 2004.</ref><ref>GIZ (2015). Work the Net – A management guide for existing and emerging formal networks. Publications on international personnel development. Volume 5. Bonn, 2015.</ref>
 +
 
 +
=== WISIONS Supported Practitioner Networks ===
 +
Regional practitioner networks were an important element of the WISIONS initiative. A central finding from project support provided by WISIONS is that local capacity-building is crucial for ensuring the success and sustainability of clean energy projects.
 +
 
 +
Therefore, the WISIONS approach relied on fostering and maintaining cooperation with and between capable and committed individuals and organisations by promoting the foundation of energy practitioner networks and supporting existing networks.
 +
 
 +
The aim was to facilitate knowledge sharing between local practitioners and other relevant stakeholders in order to develop local expertise in specific focus technologies, contributing ultimately to the broader dissemination of decentralised renewable energy technologies.
 +
 
 +
The following four networks were supported:
 +
 
 +
* RedBioLAC: the Latin American biogas network
 +
* RedBioCol : the Colombian network for energy from biomass
 +
* HydroEmpowerment Network (HPNET): for micro-hydropower in South and South East Asia
 +
* Wind Empowerment: the global network for small wind turbines
 +
 
 +
The four networks involve more than 120 organisations and individual members committed to people-centred sustainable energy solutions. The direct support provided by WISIONS offered basic co-funding for management and coordination, as well as facilitating face-to-face gatherings and other network events. WISIONS also provided financial support to a number of workshops, selected projects and other exchange activities via open calls for its supporting scheme SEPS – Sustainable Energy Project Support. To promote mutual learning between the networks, a format for regular exchanges between the network coordinators had been initiated.
 +
 
 +
The WISIONS team offered advice to the network coordinating bodies and steering groups on challenges faced and strategies for further development. However, all the networks were fully self-reliant in their decision-making processes and aimed to become sustainable in the long-term by consolidating their funding and support from advisory bodies.
 +
 
 +
==== Structure and Key Activities ====
 +
[[File:Structure of practitioner networks.png|right|650x650px|alt=]]The four networks all have their individual characters but share a similar centralised structure, with a strong core and close connections to their members. The structure comprises an Executive Board (also called a steering group or Board of Directors), a coordinator, thematic working groups with leaders and the individual members and member organisations (see Figure 1).
 +
 
 +
Most important for day-to-day operations is the network management, a function carried out by the coordinator. The coordinator is responsible for internal and external communications, documentation and organisational tasks as well as – at least partly – for advocacy and fundraising. The coordinator is supported and supervised by a board or steering group, which meets regularly, develops the network strategy and makes key decisions. A handful of member experts are involved in thematic working groups to discuss problems, develop concepts or formulate studies, activities or further capacity-building.
 +
 
 +
==== Impacts ====
 +
The four energy practitioner networks emerged and developed differently according to particular conditions (technological, geographical and socio-political), but share key objectives: strengthening the capacity of members through collaboration and knowledge exchange and advocacy by fostering dialogue and sharing knowledge with relevant stakeholders.
 +
 
 +
They all have members with a strong shared vision, are coordinated effectively and have a dynamic approach. For most of the practitioners, the network events and activities are unique experiences. The networks often provide the practitioners with the opportunity to widen their focus from dealing with pressing local community aspects to considering issues from a regional or even global perspective. It is inspiring for the practitioners to realise there are similar people and organisations in neighbouring countries who share the same challenges but also the same aims.
 +
 
 +
However, the wide-ranging geographical distribution and associated long distances between member organisations make maintaining active communication within the networks an on-going challenge. Therefore, annual/bi-annual gatherings are particularly important for strengthening and revitalising mutual trust through direct personal contact and face-to-face communication.
 +
 
 +
Notwithstanding their relatively short existence, the networks supported by WISIONS have already become acknowledged as important exchange platforms for practitioners and other stakeholders working at the forefront of delivering sustainable energy services to households and communities in the developing world.
 +
 
 +
Although time alone will demonstrate the medium and long-term impacts, initial effects are already evident. These include internal outcomes, such as increased knowledge due to hands-on training, and new transnational connections between both individual practitioners and organisations. In particular, intercultural understanding has increased and self-awareness of the role that local experts and NGOs play in achieving the global target of sustainable energy access has grown.
 +
 
 +
Externally, the networks have successfully contributed to increasing the positive perception of small-scale decentralised energy technologies as viable alternatives to conventional energy sources and grid-connectivity. Representatives from local governments and national ministries, as well as the national media, have attended network events – raising awareness and attracting further interest in sustainable small-scale energy solutions.
 +
 
 +
==== RedBioLAC ====
 +
Founded in 2009 in Peru, RedBioLAC – Red de Biodigestores Para Latino América y el Caribe – is a multinational network connecting actors in the biogas field across Latin America and the Caribbean. It brings together organisations, private enterprises and individuals from 14 countries (Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Paraguay, Chile, Cuba, Argentina, Peru and Spain).
 +
 
 +
Its aim is to achieve the universal use of biodigester technology as a tool for contributing to a better quality of life and empowering the region’s population.
 +
 
 +
In May 2009, a workshop took place in Cajamarca, Peru, under the framework of a former SEPS project, which focused on sharing experiences on the use of domestic biodigesters in Latin America. The lively discussions demonstrated huge potential for mutual learning. Although there is a long history of initiatives which have adapted, tested and further developed small and medium-sized biogas technologies (ranging from 4m3 to 300m3), forums for exchanging experiences were almost non-existent, especially for practitioners active in the field.
 +
 
 +
During a second meeting in 2010 in Costa Rica, the network was formalised and the first strategic plan for RedBioLAC was developed. The focus of the founding members was on low-cost and locally-produced biodigesters that could easily be maintained, such as tubular (plug flow) systems.
 +
 
 +
In its early years the exchange concentrated on technical challenges and the development of domestic biogas systems based on livestock waste, but over time RedBioLAC’s range of topics and member organisations diversified.
 +
 
 +
==== RedBioCol ====
 +
[https://redbiocol.org/ RedBioCol] is a network of individuals and organisations committed to contributing to the sustainable development of Colombian society by promoting the use of biomass and organic residues for energy generation.
 +
 
 +
The national network was inspired by the Latin American network RedBioLAC, but has a broader objective as it includes biomass energy in all its forms, instead of focusing solely on biodigesters. Since RedBioCol’s foundation in 2012 in Guapotá, its membership has grown to 55 (in 2026) and includes farmers’ associations, NGOs, small and medium-sized enterprises with social purpose, social movements, universities and educational institutes in both rural and urban locations.
 +
 
 +
The network links practitioners within a single country and, as a result, it can help to facilitate more regular face-to-face meetings to intensify the synergies that exist between its members, as well as focusing on specific national political, economic and social conditions. The aim is to promote the use of biomass in Colombia to generate energy in order to realise potential benefits, particularly in the agricultural sector but also in other sectors with significant flows of organic residues.
 +
 
 +
Find more information about RedBioCol '''[https://redbiocol.org/ here].'''
 +
 
 +
==== HPNET -  Hydro Empowerment Network in South and Southeast Asia ====
 +
The Hydro Empowerment Network (HPNET) is a group of practitioners in South and Southeast Asia and a knowledge exchange platform that aims to advance and advocate for sustainable pico, micro and mini-hydropower for rural empowerment. Pico and micro-hydro power systems have huge potential, especially in the humid and hilly regions of South and Southeast Asia. Although micro-hydro is well established in several countries in the region, it faces a variety of challenges and has yet to reach its full potential. Established in 2013, the network addresses these challenges; its members have a wide range of expertise in policy, financing, technology development, watershed strengthening and community organising processes.
 +
 
 +
The WISIONS initiative initially acted as co-founder and has supported the network until 2022, by providing financial support and strategic advocacy for the coordination, gatherings and exchange activities.
 +
 
 +
Find more information about HPNET '''[https://www.hpnet.org/ here].'''
 +
 
 +
==== Wind Empowerment ====
 +
Wind Empowerment is a global association for the development of locally-manufactured small wind turbines (SWTs) for sustainable rural electrification. It aims to strengthen the capacity of its members through collaboration and knowledge exchange to promote and support small wind technology as a viable solution for rural electrification.
 +
 
 +
Small-scale wind turbines, in contrast to large-scale wind turbines, can be considered a niche technology. SWTs can offer viable off-grid power solutions where strong wind resources (4–7m/s and higher) are available and evenly distributed throughout the year, or in regions where the combination of small wind technology and solar PV can provide a reliable power supply. Moreover, the option to manufacture SWTs locally can offer a number of additional benefits, such as capacity-building for operations and maintenance, a shorter supply chain for spare parts and the creation of local employment.
 +
 
 +
Tthe Wind Empowerment association was formed in 2011 in Dakar, Senegal. The aim was to bridge the geographical gap between its members by providing a global platform for knowledge sharing and collaboration. While the online platform helped to facilitate knowledge sharing, establishing continuous collaborative activities among the members proved more challenging. During a second conference in 2014 in Athens, Greece, there was renewed motivation for the strategic development of the association, which led to changes in the association’s structure.
 +
 
 +
In parallel to the global network, WISIONS (in close cooperation with Green Empowerment) laid the foundation for a regional Latin American network on small wind – WindWorks – by facilitating two network meetings in Lima/Peru in 2011 and 2013. This regional partnership WindWorks merged with Wind Empowerment in 2014 and was supported by WISIONS.
 +
 
 +
Find more information about Wind Empowerment [https://windempowerment.org/ '''here'''].
 +
 
 +
=== Further Reading ===
 +
 
 +
* Wuppertal Institut (2016). [[:File:Networks WISIONS 2016.pdf|Energy practitioner networks. Linking knowledge and skills for sustainable energy solutions]]
 +
 
 +
[[File:Networks WISIONS 2016.pdf|354x354px]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
=== References ===
 +
<references />
 +
[[Category:Capacity Development]]
 +
[[Category:WISIONS of Sustainability]]
 +
</div>

Latest revision as of 16:19, 5 October 2026



Throughout the duration of the project, WISIONS has formed partnerships and supported several energy practitioner networks.

Partnerships with Research Focus

Misak People, Colombia

Misak migration and homeland interrelations

In Colombia, many Indigenous communities have been displaced or have settled far from their ancestral territories. In the department of Cauca, the Misak community has experienced significant youth migration driven by the pursuit of education and income-generating opportunities outside their traditional lands. Yet, many of those who have migrated maintain strong familial and cultural connections with their communities.

This partnership project run from 2025 - 2026. It aimed to deepen understanding of the dynamic relationships between migrants and their territories of origin, with a particular focus on how their knowledge and practices influence the future of mountain landscapes and community life in the original territories. To achieve this, the project employed an action-oriented research approach, using qualitative and collaborative methods aimed at fostering reflection and driving tangible, community-based actions.

Our Partners

The Mountain-Diaspora Colombia project was organised in close cooperation with the Universidad Nacional de Colombia in Bogotá, particularly the Excellency Center on Sustainable Agri-food Systems (CE_SAS). Among its various initiatives, CE_SAS has led an action-oriented research project focused on transforming food systems to enhance livelihoods and promote environmental sustainability in two Indigenous territories. Through this work, it has already established connections with the Misak community in Cauca.

Objectives

The project aimed to achieve the following objectives:

  • Characterize Diasporic Situations by analyzing the relationship between community actors settled in the ancestral territory and those settled outside it.
  • Identify the Impact that diasporic conditions have had on the configuration of the ancestral territory, particularly on the agri-food systems and on the energy practices.
  • Co-create Strategies to promote diasporic situations that contribute to dignified and sustainable ways of life in ancestral territories.


Ilaje People, Nigeria

Ilaje migration and homeland interrelations

The Aiyetoro community in Lagos, Nigeria, has been home to a diasporic Ilaje population for over 50 years. The Ilaje, originally from fishing communities in Ondo – approximately 250 kilometers north of Nigeria’s capital – have maintained a strong cultural identity and deep-rooted ties to their homeland. Faced with marginalization by both host communities and government authorities in Lagos, the Ilaje diaspora has developed bottom-up governance strategies. These include initiatives such as participatory land mapping and allocation systems that safeguard women’s land rights.

This partnership project run from 2025 - 2026. It aimed to deepen understanding of the dynamic relationships between the Ilaje diaspora in Aiyetoro and their communities of origin. It specifically explored how these connections might be reconfigured to strengthen sustainable ‘ways of living’ in both their rural homelands and urban contexts.

To achieve this, the project adopted an action-oriented research approach, employing qualitative and collaborative methods designed to foster critical reflection and promote tangible, community-driven outcomes.

Our Partners

The Rural-Diaspora Nigeria project is organised in close cooperation with the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, in particular with the Centre for Petroleum, Energy Economics and Law.

One of its main objectives is to develop the human capacity needed to formulate and implement energy policies and regulations for the effective management of natural resources in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and to provide a platform for energy professionals, institutions and the general public to meet.

Objectives

The project aimed to achieve the following objectives:

  • Map Urban-Rural Relations to explore and document the various forms of connection the Ilaje diaspora in Aiyetoro maintain with their places of origin – facilitating mutual understanding between communities across urban and rural contexts.
  • Trace Influence on the home territory to examine how interactions with the diaspora shape and impact the social, economic, and environmental realities of the Ilaje homeland.
  • Strengthen Ways of Living to identify and co-develop opportunities for reshaping diaspora – homeland relations in ways that enhance the potential for sustainable, fulfilling, and prosperous lives in both rural and urban settings.

Community Forests, Nepal

Changing dynamics of relations between people and community forests

For decades, Nepal’s Community Forest Users’ Groups (CFUGs) have been the backbone of local environmental stewardship, fostering a deep sense of ownership and connecting forest resources to cultural identity and future aspirations. However, these vital community ties are currently under threat. Rapid demographic shifts, particularly the outmigration of young men, have disrupted traditional management systems and placed a heavier burden on women and marginalized groups. These changes risk eroding generations of traditional ecological knowledge and weakening the sustainable practices that have long protected Nepal’s landscapes.

The Baglung District, specifically the rural municipalities of Badigad and Nisikhola in Nepal’s Gandaki Province, serves as a critical focal point for studying these dynamics. While the region is rich in resources and history, there are early signs that the CFUGs are experiencing strained managerial capacity and potential changes in relations with their community forests. Leveraging our established partnerships with groups in the region, our research will explore these changes.

The research is designed as a real-world laboratory to capture the described trends in collaboration with local partners and local communities. It explores the research questions:

  • How do individuals and communities in Nepal relate to their community forests?
  • How have these relationships evolved over the past 10–20 years?
  • How is this relationship expected to develop in the future?
  • What can be extrapolated from the research results on changes in human-forest relationships on a global scale?

The project seeks to encourage participatory reflection among CFUGs and therefore encompasses multiple dimensions of the human–forest relationship, including personal, cultural, and livelihood dimensions, as well as economic, management, and governmental aspects.

Our Partners

This collaborative project bridges RECOFTC’s extensive history in Nepali forest governance with the WISIONS team’s expertise in transdisciplinary research, and the participation of Bishnu Prasad Devkota, from the Institute of Forestry in the University of Tribhuvan. By combining these strengths, we aim to gain deep insights into the ecological health and economic value of community forests across our target regions.

A central part of this research involves working with CFUGs to understand their role in navigating modern environmental challenges and their relation to their community forests. In Nepal, CFUGs have played a vital role in forest management for several decades. These organisations foster a sense of ownership and responsibility among community members. Through this partnership, we aim to contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between CFUGs and forests, and to ensure a resilient future for Nepal’s forests.

Objectives

The project aims to achieve the following objectives:

  • Encourage the local populations to reflect on the current relationship to their community forests and reflect on potential changes in this relationship in recent years.
  • Reimagine the role and values of community forests for the future.
  • Enable global learning for changes in human-nature relationships.




Partnerships with Capacity Building Focus

YouthEnergy

xxx


ACCESS Coalition

In collaboration with the Alliance of Civil Society Organizations for Clean Energy Access (ACCESS), based in Nairobi, Kenya, we have organised two webinar series to build capacity and enable knowledge sharing among energy practitioners.

Access Coalition Webinar Series

While the first webinar in 2019 focused on the productive uses of energy (PUE) and the role of Civil Society Organizations in promoting PUE, the second webinar discussed the Impact of COVID-19 on Energy Access Organizations.

Further information and the recordings can be accessed here.

Webinar Series: Maximising the Impacts of Energy Access on People’s Development Opportunities

Running from 2022 to 2023, the series focused on maximizing the impacts of energy access on people’s development opportunities. It comprised five editions, each featuring multiple experts and practitioners discussing different aspects of enhancing energy access.

The inextricable link between energy and virtually all the SDGs is increasingly recognised. While there is an active debate about how to accelerate the achievement of the universal energy access goal, less focus has been given to the question of how to maximise the development effects of energy access.

  • The first seminar set the scene for the series by exploring aspects crucial to maximising contributions to multiple SDGs. Our guests were Dr Long Seng To, Joint Director of STEER at Loughborough University; Angelica Shamerina, Advisor at the GEF Small Grants Programme, UNDP; and Grace Ronoh, Programme Officer at the ACCESS Coalition.
  • The second seminar focused on highlighting the importance of understanding and integrating the contextual and cultural aspects of people’s lives and capacities into the conception and realisation of energy projects. Our panellists were Ayu Abdullah, Co-Executive Director of Energy Action Partners (ENACT), and Emmanuel Cyoy Ngeywo, a consultant on energy delivery models (EDMs).
  • The third seminar demonstrated that, in order for energy to effectively improve livelihoods, people must have the opportunity to use it productively. Luciana Proietti (Co-founder and President of Foundation 500RPM), Victor Gathogo (Energy Advisor at SNV) and Temitope Udo-Affia (Technical Assistance Coordinator and Market Development at GET.transform) were invited to share their experiences and discuss how energy access projects can create opportunities for productive use.
  • The fourth edition began with an acknowledgement of people’s specific aspirations and opportunities within their local context, asking how local rootedness can be applied to energy planning and policy processes on a much larger scale, such as at provincial or national level. Two case studies of inclusive and integrated energy planning processes were presented by the two panellists, Gabriel Sundoro Wynn (Energy Access Lead at Green Empowerment) and Elizabeth Wanja (Coordinator of the Kenya Climate Change Working Group).
  • The fifth and final seminar considered how energy access interventions can effectively integrate gender responsiveness to empower women. Our expert speakers were Silvia Sartori (Gender & Energy Consultant), Thabit Mikidadi (Programme Manager at TANGSEN, Tanzania) and Ashma Pakhrin (Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning Expert at ADB TA 9334 in Nepal) will share practical experiences from their work in Tanzania and Nepal.

More information about the webinars and the recordings can be accessed here.

Energy Practitioners Nigeria

In collaboration with the Clean Technology Hub (Nigeria) and the German Reiner Lemoine Institute, we implemented a capacity-building programme in Lagos. Between 2023 and 2024, this included an extensive online training module as well as on-site workshops, facilitating a holistic approach to decentralized renewable energy systems.

Find more information about the project and its results, visit the Nigeria Off-Grid Solar Knowledge Hub on energypedia.

IICA & RedBioLAC

Together with RedBioLAC, Asobiogas, and the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA), we developed an online learning platform – hosted by IICA – as well as conducted field visits to various facilities across South America. Spanning from 2023 to 2024, the program aimed to strengthen the capacities of decision-makers in the region and generate political support to scale up the implementation of biodigester technologies.



Energy Practitioner Networks

WISIONS fostered regional partnerships and practitioner networks to facilitate knowledge development and sharing between practitioners and stakeholders and to induce the broader dissemination of decentralised renewable energy solutions. Four international networks have been consolidated and they each focus on a specific technical solution for a region. These networks actively involve more than 120 organisations and individuals who have long been committed to people-centred sustainable energy solutions.

Energy Practitioners – The People Behind Every Successful Energy Project

The key actors on the frontline of the ongoing efforts to provide energy services to unelectrified and under-served areas in developing and emerging countries are considered to be “practitioners”. These practitioners work for non-governmental organisations, as energy entrepreneurs, in energy agencies, for small and medium-sized enterprises or as independent experts. Together with associated organisations, they are based and operate in the target areas and offer a direct link to communities and end-users of the energy services.

Consequently, they are often more than simply providers of technology; ideally they should be good organisers, financial managers, problem solvers, trainers and mediators as well as good technical installers.

Their work in the field and within communities provides the practitioners with in-depth knowledge, daily lessons and hands-on training – and is riddled with challenges. At the same time, these practitioners have only limited opportunities to share their experiences with other practitioners or stakeholders such as policymakers or decision-makers.

We consider Energy Practitioner Networks to be an important means for facilitating effective knowledge exchange and mutual learning, giving practitioners a voice. As such, these networks play an important role in the transformation towards (decentralised) sustainable energy systems in off-grid regions.

Networks – Key Elements

Social networks – relationships between a set of actors such as individuals or organisations – are widespread and recognised for facilitating successful international cooperation and exchanging research knowledge.[1]

Energy practitioner networks in the global south, which in this publication are defined as social networks that involve and interlink practitioners active in the field of decentralised energy solutions, are still scarce.

Network is a generic term and in different social networks the type of members, topics, organisational structure and means of communication differ enormously; however basic preconditions apply to every social (knowledge) network. These include the purpose of the network, its structure and its processes.[2][3]

Purpose

  • Shared target and vision – a basic understanding among the members that only by working jointly can the mutual targets be achieved and the mutual problems solved.
  • Group composition/landscape of members – the network’s members must be sufficiently heterogenic to allow for mutual learning, but not too different to hinder exchange.

Structure

  • Member’s mutuality – all members recognise that every member is an expert who can contribute, but who can also gain from the cooperation within a sound ratio of give and take. This spirit is facilitated through mutual trust and a flat network hierarchy.
  • Network structure and formalising relationships – a basic structure is crucial and should include a clear organisational plan, clear decision-making processes and clearly allocated responsibilities. Ideally the network structure should be planned when the network is initially created.
  • Promoter – it is helpful to have an internal (or external) promoter or to develop a culture of cooperation and support the development of competencies, external relationships and advocacy.

Processes

  • Communication – the relationships between the actors need to be maintained by means of (targeted) communication.
  • Active exchange & common activities – a core element is the actual interaction between the members, which must take place regularly in order for the network to be effective and become sustainable.
  • Monitoring impact – last but not least, measuring the impact and value of the network, as well as the functionality and efficiency of its work, are elements that need to be considered.

Specifically, knowledge networks provide an opportunity to foster the dissemination of decentralised sustainable energy solutions beyond the timeframe and scope of individual projects by emphasising joint value creation, by strengthening the capacity of all members and by providing more options to transform knowledge into policy and practice as well as to influence decision-making processes.[4][5][6][7]

WISIONS Supported Practitioner Networks

Regional practitioner networks were an important element of the WISIONS initiative. A central finding from project support provided by WISIONS is that local capacity-building is crucial for ensuring the success and sustainability of clean energy projects.

Therefore, the WISIONS approach relied on fostering and maintaining cooperation with and between capable and committed individuals and organisations by promoting the foundation of energy practitioner networks and supporting existing networks.

The aim was to facilitate knowledge sharing between local practitioners and other relevant stakeholders in order to develop local expertise in specific focus technologies, contributing ultimately to the broader dissemination of decentralised renewable energy technologies.

The following four networks were supported:

  • RedBioLAC: the Latin American biogas network
  • RedBioCol : the Colombian network for energy from biomass
  • HydroEmpowerment Network (HPNET): for micro-hydropower in South and South East Asia
  • Wind Empowerment: the global network for small wind turbines

The four networks involve more than 120 organisations and individual members committed to people-centred sustainable energy solutions. The direct support provided by WISIONS offered basic co-funding for management and coordination, as well as facilitating face-to-face gatherings and other network events. WISIONS also provided financial support to a number of workshops, selected projects and other exchange activities via open calls for its supporting scheme SEPS – Sustainable Energy Project Support. To promote mutual learning between the networks, a format for regular exchanges between the network coordinators had been initiated.

The WISIONS team offered advice to the network coordinating bodies and steering groups on challenges faced and strategies for further development. However, all the networks were fully self-reliant in their decision-making processes and aimed to become sustainable in the long-term by consolidating their funding and support from advisory bodies.

Structure and Key Activities

The four networks all have their individual characters but share a similar centralised structure, with a strong core and close connections to their members. The structure comprises an Executive Board (also called a steering group or Board of Directors), a coordinator, thematic working groups with leaders and the individual members and member organisations (see Figure 1).

Most important for day-to-day operations is the network management, a function carried out by the coordinator. The coordinator is responsible for internal and external communications, documentation and organisational tasks as well as – at least partly – for advocacy and fundraising. The coordinator is supported and supervised by a board or steering group, which meets regularly, develops the network strategy and makes key decisions. A handful of member experts are involved in thematic working groups to discuss problems, develop concepts or formulate studies, activities or further capacity-building.

Impacts

The four energy practitioner networks emerged and developed differently according to particular conditions (technological, geographical and socio-political), but share key objectives: strengthening the capacity of members through collaboration and knowledge exchange and advocacy by fostering dialogue and sharing knowledge with relevant stakeholders.

They all have members with a strong shared vision, are coordinated effectively and have a dynamic approach. For most of the practitioners, the network events and activities are unique experiences. The networks often provide the practitioners with the opportunity to widen their focus from dealing with pressing local community aspects to considering issues from a regional or even global perspective. It is inspiring for the practitioners to realise there are similar people and organisations in neighbouring countries who share the same challenges but also the same aims.

However, the wide-ranging geographical distribution and associated long distances between member organisations make maintaining active communication within the networks an on-going challenge. Therefore, annual/bi-annual gatherings are particularly important for strengthening and revitalising mutual trust through direct personal contact and face-to-face communication.

Notwithstanding their relatively short existence, the networks supported by WISIONS have already become acknowledged as important exchange platforms for practitioners and other stakeholders working at the forefront of delivering sustainable energy services to households and communities in the developing world.

Although time alone will demonstrate the medium and long-term impacts, initial effects are already evident. These include internal outcomes, such as increased knowledge due to hands-on training, and new transnational connections between both individual practitioners and organisations. In particular, intercultural understanding has increased and self-awareness of the role that local experts and NGOs play in achieving the global target of sustainable energy access has grown.

Externally, the networks have successfully contributed to increasing the positive perception of small-scale decentralised energy technologies as viable alternatives to conventional energy sources and grid-connectivity. Representatives from local governments and national ministries, as well as the national media, have attended network events – raising awareness and attracting further interest in sustainable small-scale energy solutions.

RedBioLAC

Founded in 2009 in Peru, RedBioLAC – Red de Biodigestores Para Latino América y el Caribe – is a multinational network connecting actors in the biogas field across Latin America and the Caribbean. It brings together organisations, private enterprises and individuals from 14 countries (Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Paraguay, Chile, Cuba, Argentina, Peru and Spain).

Its aim is to achieve the universal use of biodigester technology as a tool for contributing to a better quality of life and empowering the region’s population.

In May 2009, a workshop took place in Cajamarca, Peru, under the framework of a former SEPS project, which focused on sharing experiences on the use of domestic biodigesters in Latin America. The lively discussions demonstrated huge potential for mutual learning. Although there is a long history of initiatives which have adapted, tested and further developed small and medium-sized biogas technologies (ranging from 4m3 to 300m3), forums for exchanging experiences were almost non-existent, especially for practitioners active in the field.

During a second meeting in 2010 in Costa Rica, the network was formalised and the first strategic plan for RedBioLAC was developed. The focus of the founding members was on low-cost and locally-produced biodigesters that could easily be maintained, such as tubular (plug flow) systems.

In its early years the exchange concentrated on technical challenges and the development of domestic biogas systems based on livestock waste, but over time RedBioLAC’s range of topics and member organisations diversified.

RedBioCol

RedBioCol is a network of individuals and organisations committed to contributing to the sustainable development of Colombian society by promoting the use of biomass and organic residues for energy generation.

The national network was inspired by the Latin American network RedBioLAC, but has a broader objective as it includes biomass energy in all its forms, instead of focusing solely on biodigesters. Since RedBioCol’s foundation in 2012 in Guapotá, its membership has grown to 55 (in 2026) and includes farmers’ associations, NGOs, small and medium-sized enterprises with social purpose, social movements, universities and educational institutes in both rural and urban locations.

The network links practitioners within a single country and, as a result, it can help to facilitate more regular face-to-face meetings to intensify the synergies that exist between its members, as well as focusing on specific national political, economic and social conditions. The aim is to promote the use of biomass in Colombia to generate energy in order to realise potential benefits, particularly in the agricultural sector but also in other sectors with significant flows of organic residues.

Find more information about RedBioCol here.

HPNET - Hydro Empowerment Network in South and Southeast Asia

The Hydro Empowerment Network (HPNET) is a group of practitioners in South and Southeast Asia and a knowledge exchange platform that aims to advance and advocate for sustainable pico, micro and mini-hydropower for rural empowerment. Pico and micro-hydro power systems have huge potential, especially in the humid and hilly regions of South and Southeast Asia. Although micro-hydro is well established in several countries in the region, it faces a variety of challenges and has yet to reach its full potential. Established in 2013, the network addresses these challenges; its members have a wide range of expertise in policy, financing, technology development, watershed strengthening and community organising processes.

The WISIONS initiative initially acted as co-founder and has supported the network until 2022, by providing financial support and strategic advocacy for the coordination, gatherings and exchange activities.

Find more information about HPNET here.

Wind Empowerment

Wind Empowerment is a global association for the development of locally-manufactured small wind turbines (SWTs) for sustainable rural electrification. It aims to strengthen the capacity of its members through collaboration and knowledge exchange to promote and support small wind technology as a viable solution for rural electrification.

Small-scale wind turbines, in contrast to large-scale wind turbines, can be considered a niche technology. SWTs can offer viable off-grid power solutions where strong wind resources (4–7m/s and higher) are available and evenly distributed throughout the year, or in regions where the combination of small wind technology and solar PV can provide a reliable power supply. Moreover, the option to manufacture SWTs locally can offer a number of additional benefits, such as capacity-building for operations and maintenance, a shorter supply chain for spare parts and the creation of local employment.

Tthe Wind Empowerment association was formed in 2011 in Dakar, Senegal. The aim was to bridge the geographical gap between its members by providing a global platform for knowledge sharing and collaboration. While the online platform helped to facilitate knowledge sharing, establishing continuous collaborative activities among the members proved more challenging. During a second conference in 2014 in Athens, Greece, there was renewed motivation for the strategic development of the association, which led to changes in the association’s structure.

In parallel to the global network, WISIONS (in close cooperation with Green Empowerment) laid the foundation for a regional Latin American network on small wind – WindWorks – by facilitating two network meetings in Lima/Peru in 2011 and 2013. This regional partnership WindWorks merged with Wind Empowerment in 2014 and was supported by WISIONS.

Find more information about Wind Empowerment here.

Further Reading

Networks WISIONS 2016.pdf


References

  1. ↑ Henry, A. D.& Vollan, B. (2014). Networks and the Challenge of Sustainable Development. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 2014, 39, 583–610.
  2. ↑ Neugebauer, U. & Beywl, W. Methoden zur Netzwerkevaluation (2006). Z. Für Eval. 2006, 249–286
  3. ↑ Gajo, M. et al (2013). Netzwerkevaluierung – Ein Leitfaden zur Bewertung von Kooperation in Netzwerken; GIZ: Eschborn, 2013.
  4. ↑ Creech, H. (2006). Measuring while you manage: Planning, monitoring and evaluating knowledge networks; International Institute for Sustainable Development: Winnipeg.
  5. ↑ Bellwald, S. et al (2013). Netzwerke und kooperationen in der Regionalentwicklung – Praxisblatt; regiosuisse – Netzwerkstelle Regionalentwicklung. Brig
  6. ↑ Borkenhagen, P. et al (2004). Netzwerkmanagement; Arbeitsgemeinschaft Betriebliche Weiterbildungsforschung e. V.: Berlin, 2004.
  7. ↑ GIZ (2015). Work the Net – A management guide for existing and emerging formal networks. Publications on international personnel development. Volume 5. Bonn, 2015.