Difference between revisions of "Turkmenistan Energy Situation"

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= Overview<br> =
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{{CES Country
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|CES Country Name=Turkmenistan
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|CES Country Capital=Ashgabat
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|CES Country Region Europe and Central Asia = Europe & Central Asia
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|CES Country Coordinates=37.9667° N, 58.3333° E
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}}
  
{| style="float: right" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="400" border="1"
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= Introduction =
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| align="center" colspan="4" | '''Turkmenistan'''
 
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| &nbsp; <br>[[Image:600px-Flag of Turkmenistan svg.png|158x105px|600px-Flag of Turkmenistan svg.png]]
 
| &nbsp; <br>[[Image:800px-Turkmenistan geographical position.png|188x94px|800px-Turkmenistan geographical position.png]]
 
|-
 
|
 
Capital
 
  
|
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Turkmenistan is located in the south of Central Asia and covers a total of 488,100km squared. Flat desert covers 80% of the country, though there are some slight elevations along the border to Afghanistan and Iran. Turkmenistan is part of two main seismic zones of the world. Approximately 8.8% of the land area is covered by forest<ref>FAO (2011): The State of the World's Forest</ref> (The deforestation rate was not available.)
&nbsp;Ashgabat
 
  
|-
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Water resources in Turkmenistan are very limited and the climate is mostly arid subtropical with little rainfall. In fact, Karakum Dester is one of the driest deserts in the world. However, the country's temperatures are pretty mild. The mean low temperature in the country is 10.4 and the average high temperature is 23.2°C. <ref>UN-Data: http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Turkmenistan</ref>Turkmenistan has enormous natural gas deposits and it therefore known as a "gas republic". It is also rich in petroleum.
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Official language(s)
 
  
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<br/>
&nbsp;Turkmen
 
  
|-
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Turkmenistan has a population of 4.9 million (as of 2009) with a population density of 11 people per km squared. The density varies drastically between desert areas and oases. In oases it often exceeds 100 persons per square kilometer. 50% of the population lives in rural areas and 50% in urban areas. The literacy rate is 98.8%
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Government
 
  
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The GDP in 2010 was US$ 20 billion and GDP per capita was 4,000 US$. National income sources shares are comprised of the following: agriculture 48.2%, industry 14%, services 37.8%
&nbsp;Presidential republic single party&nbsp;state
 
  
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[[Turkmenistan Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]]
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President
 
  
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= Energy Situation =
&nbsp;Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
 
  
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The electrification rate in Turkmensitan is 99.6%. [[Productive_Use_of_Electricity|Electricity]] is mostly produced in 8 thermal power plants with an installed capacity of 3.3 GW. Electricity consumption by sector is the following: agriculture and foresty 31.8%, industry 36%, transport 2.6%, and residential 21%.
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Prime Minister
 
  
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Turkmenistan's energy market is controlled by the State. Primary energy shares (in 2008) consisted of 72.4% gas and 27.6% oil. Most of the populations recieves natural gas and electricity for free. Those who do pay, enjoy the world's lowest energy prices. Yet, inefficiency and waste are clearly a result of this policy. In addition, the power infrastructure, inherited from the Soviet era, is in bad shape and needs to be repaired. Power lines wasted a significant portion of electricity in 2006. The distribution system also suffers from severe power loss.
&nbsp;
 
  
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Demand for renewable energy sources in Turkmenistan is practically inexistent. Turkmenistan has relatively low potential for bioenergies, hydro power, and geothermal energy. While it does have tremendous wind and solar power with 300 sunny days per year (equaling 2,00 kW/m²/yr) and wind potential equal to the country's fossil fuel potential, its wealth of oil and gas overshadow these potentials.
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Total Area
 
  
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[[Turkmenistan Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]]
&nbsp;491,210 km2
 
  
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== Household Energy Situation ==
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Population <ref>CIA - The World Factbook:https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tx.html</ref>
 
  
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Percentage of energy used for cooking in urban and rural areas
&nbsp;4,997,503
 
  
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<br/>[[File:Turkmenistan Urban Share.jpg|left|365px|Turkmenistan Urban Share.jpg|alt=Turkmenistan Urban Share.jpg]][[File:Turkmenistan Rural Share.jpg|335px|Turkmenistan Rural Share.jpg|alt=Turkmenistan Rural Share.jpg]]
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Population rural
 
  
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&nbsp;2,548,727
 
  
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[[Turkmenistan Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]]
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Population urban
 
  
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= Further Information =
&nbsp;2,448,776
 
  
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*[[Portal:Countries|Country portal on Energypedia]]<br/>
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Population density per sq. km
 
  
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= References =
&nbsp;11
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<references />
  
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[[Turkmenistan Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]]
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GDP (nominal) (million $US)
 
  
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[[Category:Europe_and_Central_Asia]]
&nbsp;8845.00
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[[Category:Turkmenistan]]
 
 
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GDP per Capita ($US)
 
 
 
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&nbsp;1706.30
 
 
 
|-
 
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GNI per Capita ($US)
 
 
 
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&nbsp;1753.70
 
 
 
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Currency
 
 
 
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&nbsp;Turcmen new manat (TMT)
 
 
 
|-
 
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Time Zone
 
 
 
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&nbsp;TMT (UTC + 5)
 
 
 
|-
 
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Calling Code
 
 
 
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&nbsp;+993
 
 
 
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{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="350" align="left" border="0"
 
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| __TOC__
 
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<div style="clear: both"></div>
 
== Environmental Situation  ==
 
 
 
=== Climate  ===
 
 
 
Subtropical desert
 
 
 
Mean temperature (°C min/max):&nbsp; 10.4 / 23.2 <ref>UN-Data: http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Turkmenistan</ref>
 
 
 
=== Resources  ===
 
 
 
Petroleum, natural gas
 
 
 
=== Forest situation  ===
 
 
 
Land area covered by forest: 8.8%&nbsp; <ref>FAO (2011): The State of the World's Forest</ref>
 
 
 
== Socioeconomical Situation  ==
 
 
 
=== Income Sources  ===
 
 
 
Agriculture: 48.2%, industry: 14%, services: 37.8%
 
 
 
= Energy Situation  =
 
 
 
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== Energy Supply  ==
 
 
 
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=== Electricity  ===
 
 
 
==== Sources  ====
 
 
 
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==== Stability  ====
 
 
 
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== Energy Consumption  ==
 
 
 
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=== National Level  ===
 
 
 
==== Electricity  ====
 
 
 
=== Household Level  ===
 
 
 
==== Share of Fuel Types  ====
 
 
 
[[Image:Turkmenistan Urban Share.jpg|349x244px]][[Image:Turkmenistan Rural Share.jpg|326x225px]]  
 
 
 
==== Share of Solid Fuels  ====
 
 
 
==== Solid Fuel Use Impact on Health  ====
 
 
 
&nbsp;
 
 
 
== Access Rate  ==
 
 
 
=== Electrification Rate  ===
 
 
 
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== Renewable Energies  ==
 
 
 
=== Application  ===
 
 
 
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=== Potentials  ===
 
 
 
==== Solar Energy  ====
 
 
 
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==== Wind Energy  ====
 
 
 
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==== Biomass  ====
 
 
 
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==== Biogas  ====
 
 
 
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==== Hydro Power  ====
 
 
 
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==== Other renewable Sources  ====
 
 
 
&nbsp;
 
 
 
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== Key problems of the energy sector  ==
 
 
 
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== Policy framework, laws and regulations  ==
 
 
 
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=== General Energy policy, Energy strategy  ===
 
 
 
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=== Important Laws and regulations  ===
 
 
 
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=== Specific strategies (Biomass, renewable energies, rural electrification, energy access strategy etc.)  ===
 
 
 
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== Institutional set up in the energy sector  ==
 
 
 
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=== Governmental institutions Private sector (enterprises, NGOs)  ===
 
 
 
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=== Activities of other donors, activities of NGOs  ===
 
 
 
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= Existing projects  =
 
 
 
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= Publications<br> =
 
 
 
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= External links  =
 
 
 
<br>
 
 
 
= References  =
 
 
 
&nbsp;<references /> <references /><references />
 

Latest revision as of 21:28, 10 July 2018

Turkmenistan
Flag of Turkmenistan.png
Location _______.png

Capital:

Ashgabat

Region:

Coordinates:

37.9667° N, 58.3333° E

Total Area (km²): It includes a country's total area, including areas under inland bodies of water and some coastal waterways.

491,209

Population: It is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin.

7,364,438 (2023)

Rural Population (% of total population): It refers to people living in rural areas as defined by national statistical offices. It is calculated as the difference between total population and urban population.

46 (2023)

GDP (current US$): It is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources.

60,628,857,143 (2023)

GDP Per Capita (current US$): It is gross domestic product divided by midyear population

8,232.65 (2023)

Access to Electricity (% of population): It is the percentage of population with access to electricity.

100.00 (2022)

Energy Imports Net (% of energy use): It is estimated as energy use less production, both measured in oil equivalents. A negative value indicates that the country is a net exporter. Energy use refers to use of primary energy before transformation to other end-use fuels, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport.

-191.51 (2014)

Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption (% of total): It comprises coal, oil, petroleum, and natural gas products.

no data

Source: World Bank



Introduction

Turkmenistan is located in the south of Central Asia and covers a total of 488,100km squared. Flat desert covers 80% of the country, though there are some slight elevations along the border to Afghanistan and Iran. Turkmenistan is part of two main seismic zones of the world. Approximately 8.8% of the land area is covered by forest[1] (The deforestation rate was not available.)

Water resources in Turkmenistan are very limited and the climate is mostly arid subtropical with little rainfall. In fact, Karakum Dester is one of the driest deserts in the world. However, the country's temperatures are pretty mild. The mean low temperature in the country is 10.4 and the average high temperature is 23.2°C. [2]Turkmenistan has enormous natural gas deposits and it therefore known as a "gas republic". It is also rich in petroleum.


Turkmenistan has a population of 4.9 million (as of 2009) with a population density of 11 people per km squared. The density varies drastically between desert areas and oases. In oases it often exceeds 100 persons per square kilometer. 50% of the population lives in rural areas and 50% in urban areas. The literacy rate is 98.8%

The GDP in 2010 was US$ 20 billion and GDP per capita was 4,000 US$. National income sources shares are comprised of the following: agriculture 48.2%, industry 14%, services 37.8%

►Go to Top

Energy Situation

The electrification rate in Turkmensitan is 99.6%. Electricity is mostly produced in 8 thermal power plants with an installed capacity of 3.3 GW. Electricity consumption by sector is the following: agriculture and foresty 31.8%, industry 36%, transport 2.6%, and residential 21%.

Turkmenistan's energy market is controlled by the State. Primary energy shares (in 2008) consisted of 72.4% gas and 27.6% oil. Most of the populations recieves natural gas and electricity for free. Those who do pay, enjoy the world's lowest energy prices. Yet, inefficiency and waste are clearly a result of this policy. In addition, the power infrastructure, inherited from the Soviet era, is in bad shape and needs to be repaired. Power lines wasted a significant portion of electricity in 2006. The distribution system also suffers from severe power loss.

Demand for renewable energy sources in Turkmenistan is practically inexistent. Turkmenistan has relatively low potential for bioenergies, hydro power, and geothermal energy. While it does have tremendous wind and solar power with 300 sunny days per year (equaling 2,00 kW/m²/yr) and wind potential equal to the country's fossil fuel potential, its wealth of oil and gas overshadow these potentials.

►Go to Top

Household Energy Situation

Percentage of energy used for cooking in urban and rural areas


Turkmenistan Urban Share.jpg

Turkmenistan Rural Share.jpg


►Go to Top

Further Information

References

  1. FAO (2011): The State of the World's Forest
  2. UN-Data: http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Turkmenistan

►Go to Top