Difference between revisions of "Wind Energy Country Analyses Brazil"

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== Wind energy potential<br> ==
+
= Overview - Wind Energy Potential<br/> =
  
−
Brazil’s wind potential is estimated to be 143 GW.22 1.4 GW have already been contracted under PROINFA. However, by August 2009 only 414 MW had actually been installed.23 The Brazilian Wind Energy Centre published in 2001 a Brazilian Wind Atlas. It was used by the PNE 2030 in its studies on wind energy (http://www. cresesb.cepel.br). The atlas provides information on the wind energy conditions at 50 m height. It covers all areas with wind speeds above 7 m / s. These values are theoretical. For example, the North-eastern potential estimated at 75 GW in the PNE 2030 could be as low as 12 GW according to other credible studies.
+
[[File:Map of Brasil (terrain).jpg|frame|right|180px|Map of Brasil (terrain)]]
  
−
== Framework Conditions for Wind Energy<br> ==
+
wind potential is estimated to be 143 GW<ref>Conditions: 50 m height, average wind speed of at least 7 m/s. Brazilian Wind Energy Centre (CBEE) [[http://www.eolica.com.br/home/pt/index.php]]</ref>. 1.4 GW have already been contracted under the Programme for Promotion of Alternative Electricity Sources (PROINFA). However, by August 2009 only 414 MW had actually been installed.<ref>Aneel, BIG (Generation Information Data Base) [[http://www.aneel.gov.br/aplicacoes/capacidadebrasil/capacidadebrasil.asp]]</ref> The Brazilian Wind Energy Centre published in 2001 a Brazilian Wind Atlas. It was used by the National Energy Plan for 2030 (PNE 2030) in its studies on wind energy<ref>http://www.cresesb.cepel.br</ref>. The atlas provides information on the wind energy conditions at 50 m height. It covers all areas with wind speeds above 7 m / s. These values are theoretical. For example, the North-eastern potential estimated at 75 GW in the PNE 2030 could be as low as 12 GW according to other credible studies.
  
−
The PROINFA is the main programme promoting the use of wind energy (together with biomass and small hydro). With PROINFA ending end of 2009, government has chosen to follow a different path in the future and promote wind energy via dedicated auctions that will be held once or twice a year. Starting this process, for the first time wind energy will be sold under the regulated system in an auction to take place in November 2009. According to the Brazilian Wind Energy Association, in July 2009 a total of 441 projects were registered to participate in the auction, representing 13 341 MW. It is a huge amount if the actual installed capacity of 359 MW is considered. These projects are located in the South, Southeast and Northeast, the regions with the greatest wind potential in the country. The energy sold in the auction will have to be delivered from July 2012 on, with a duration of up to 20 years. One strong barrier for a better development of the wind energy market under the PROINFA incentives is that 60&nbsp;% of the equipment used should come from national industry. It was intended to be an incentive to the industry, but many project developers see it as an obstacle. This question is under discussion and it is expected that for the auction in November 2009 developers will be allowed to import wind energy converters with a rated power larger than 1 500 kW. For smaller turbines, the import limit will still be in place (formerly, the limit was 2 000 kW) which means the tax for imported industrialised products (IPI) of 14&nbsp;% is applied. In this respect, also the programme&nbsp;»Luz para Todos«&nbsp;(see chapter 1.5 for details) needs to be mentioned, providing subsidies of up to 85&nbsp;% of direct project cost. Power plants, including wind energy plants, are included in the category of enterprises that have to undergo an environmental licensing process. Law No. 6938 / 1981, which provides the National Policy on Environment (AMPP), establishes standards and sets criteria for the licensing of actual or potentially polluting activities. With regard to grid connection, the concessionaire or the ONS has to offer an entry point to the distribution or transmission network at a convenient knot for the wind park; the wind park owner has to pay for the cable from the park to the entry point (shallow connection costs).
+
<br/>
  
−
== Current Use of Wind Energy and Project Pipeline<br> ==
+
= Framework Conditions for Wind Energy<br/> =
  
−
The North-eastern and the Southern regions have the highest potential in the country and most of the projects that are already implemented are located in these two regions. Annex I presents a list of all existing wind farms with a total installed capacity of 414 MW. Almost 250 MW are installed in the Northeast, where 25 wind parks are located. 7 wind farms, totalling 167 MW, are located in the South and one 1 MW is installed in the Southeast. According to Aneel24, at the time of writing 13 new wind plants are being constructed. An overview is included in table 11 of Annex I. Twelve of them are situated in the North-eastern region (Eight in the State of Ceará and 4 in Pernambuco) and one in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Together they have a capacity of 442 MW. Another 45 plants, totalling 2 300 MW, have already been granted approval but their construction has not started yet. The following table shows the companies who own existing wind farms, indicating their share of the total installed capacity of 414 GW:
+
The PROINFA is the main programme promoting the use of wind energy (together with biomass and small hydro). With PROINFA ending end of 2009, government has chosen to follow a different path in the future and promote wind energy via dedicated auctions that will be held once or twice a year.
  
−
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" align="center" width="400"
+
Starting this process, for the first time wind energy will be sold under the regulated system in an auction to take place in November 2009. According to the Brazilian Wind Energy Association, in July 2009 a total of 441 projects were registered to participate in the auction, representing 13 341 MW. It is a huge amount if the actual installed capacity of 359 MW is considered. These projects are located in the South, Southeast and Northeast, the regions with the greatest wind potential in the country. The energy sold in the auction will have to be delivered from July 2012 on, with a duration of up to 20 years.
−
|+ '''Wind farm operators and share in the total installed capacity (414 GW) - Status August 2009'''
+
 
 +
One strong barrier for a better development of the wind energy market under the PROINFA incentives is that 60 % of the equipment used should come from national industry. It was intended to be an incentive to the industry, but many project developers see it as an obstacle. This question is under discussion and it is expected that for the auction in November 2009 developers will be allowed to import wind energy converters with a rated power larger than 1 500 kW. For smaller turbines, the import limit will still be in place (formerly, the limit was 2 000 kW) which means the tax for imported industrialised products (IPI) of 14 % is applied.
 +
 
 +
In this respect, also the programme »Luz para Todos«<ref>In the end of 2003 the government launched a nationalfckLRprogram called »Luz para Todos« (Light for all) withfckLRthe aim to supply electricity to 10 million people by 2008fckLRwhich is about 2 million households, mainly in the ruralfckLRregions. As the goal was not achieved, the program wasfckLRextended until 2010. The 2 million connections werefckLRreached in June 2009 and the expectations are to reachfckLR5 million more households by the end of 2010</ref> needs to be mentioned, providing subsidies of up to 85 % of direct project cost. Power plants, including wind energy plants, are included in the category of enterprises that have to undergo an environmental licensing process. Law No. 6938 / 1981, which provides the National Policy on Environment (AMPP), establishes standards and sets criteria for the licensing of actual or potentially polluting activities. With regard to grid connection, the concessionaire or the ONS has to offer an entry point to the distribution or transmission network at a convenient knot for the wind park; the wind park owner has to pay for the cable from the park to the entry point (shallow connection costs).
 +
 
 +
[[Wind_Energy_Country_Analyses_Brazil#Overview_-_Wind_Energy_Potential|►Go to Top]]<br/>
 +
 
 +
= Current Use of Wind Energy and Project Pipeline<br/> =
 +
 
 +
The North-eastern and the Southern regions have the highest potential in the country and most of the projects that are already implemented are located in these two regions. The following table presents a list of all existing wind farms with a total installed capacity of 414 MW. Almost 250 MW are installed in the Northeast, where 25 wind parks are located. 7 wind farms, totalling 167 MW, are located in the South and one 1 MW is installed in the Southeast. According to Aneel<ref>Aneel, BIG (Generation Information Data Base) [[http://www.aneel.gov.br/aplicacoes/capacidadebrasil/capacidadebrasil.asp]]</ref>, at the time of writing 13 new wind plants are being constructed.
 +
 
 +
{| border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" style="width: 750px; width: 100%"
 +
|-
 +
! scope="col" style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | Promoter
 +
! scope="col" style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | Plant Name<br/>
 +
! scope="col" style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | Operating Company
 +
! scope="col" style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | Power<br/>(kW)
 +
! scope="col" style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | % of Total Installed
 +
! scope="col" style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | Location
 +
! scope="col" style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | Region
 +
|-
 +
| rowspan="2" | Centro Brasileiro de EnergiaEólica - FADE / U FPE<br/>
 +
| Eólica de<br/>Fernando de<br/>Noronha,<br/>
 +
| rowspan="2" | Centro Brasileirode EnergiaEólica -FADE / UFPE<br/>
 +
| 225
 +
| 0.1 %
 +
| Fernando de<br/>Noronha- PE
 +
| Northeast
 +
|-
 +
| Eólica Olinda
 +
| 225
 +
| 0.1 %
 +
| Olinda - PE
 +
| Northeast
 +
|-
 +
| CEMIG<br/>
 +
| Eólica-Elétrica<br/>Experimental<br/>do Morro do<br/>Camelinho<br/>
 +
| CEMIG<br/>Geração e<br/>Transmissão<br/>S./ A<br/>
 +
| 1 000<br/>
 +
| 0.2 %<br/>
 +
| Gouveia - wMG
 +
| Southeast<br/>
 +
|-
 +
| COPEL
 +
| Eólio - Elétrica<br/>de Palmas<br/>
 +
| Centrais<br/>Eólicas do<br/>Paraná Ltda.<br/>
 +
| 2 500<br/>
 +
| 0.6 %<br/>
 +
| Palmas - PR<br/>
 +
| South<br/>
 +
|-
 +
| rowspan="2" | EDP./ CENAEEL<br/><br/>
 +
| Parque Eólico<br/>do Horizonte<br/>
 +
| rowspan="2" | Central<br/>Nacional<br/>de Energia<br/>Eólica Ltda<br/><br/>
 +
| 4 800<br/>
 +
| 1.2 %<br/>
 +
| Água Doce - SC<br/>
 +
| South<br/>
 +
|-
 +
| Eólica Água<br/>Doce<br/>
 +
| 9 000<br/>
 +
| 2.2 %<br/>
 +
| Água Doce - SC<br/>
 +
| South<br/>
 +
|-
 +
| Enerbrasil / I berdrola<br/>
 +
| RN 15 -<br/>Rio do Fogo<br/>
 +
| Energias<br/>Renováveis<br/>do Brasil S.A.<br/>
 +
| 49 300<br/>
 +
| 11.9 %<br/>
 +
| Rio do Fogo -<br/>RN<br/>
 +
| Northeast<br/>
 +
|-
 +
| rowspan="3" | Enerfin Enervento / Wobben<br/>Wind Power Enercon<br/><br/><br/>
 +
| Parque Eólico<br/>de Osório<br/>
 +
| rowspan="3" | Ventos do Sul<br/>Energia S./ A<br/><br/><br/>
 +
| 50 000
 +
| 12.1 %<br/>
 +
| Osório - RS<br/>
 +
| South<br/>
 +
|-
 +
| Parque Eólico<br/>Sangradouro<br/>
 +
| 50 000
 +
| 12.1 %<br/>
 +
| Osório - RS<br/>
 +
| South<br/>
 +
|-
 +
| Parque Eólico<br/>dos Índios<br/>
 +
| 50 000
 +
| 12.1 %<br/>
 +
| Osório - RS<br/>
 +
| South<br/>
 +
|-
 +
| rowspan="11" | Pacific Hydro<br/><br/>
 +
| Millennium<br/>
 +
| rowspan="11" | SPE Millennium<br/>Central<br/>Geradora<br/>Eólica S./ A<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>
 +
| 10 200<br/>
 +
| 2.5 %<br/>
 +
| rowspan="11" | Mataraca - PB<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>
 +
| rowspan="11" | Northeast<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>
 +
|-
 +
| Presidente<br/>
 +
| 4 500<br/>
 +
| 1.1 %<br/>
 +
|-
 +
| Camurim<br/>
 +
| 4 500<br/>
 +
| 1.1 %<br/>
 +
|-
 +
| Albatroz<br/>
 +
| 4 500<br/>
 +
| 1.1 %<br/>
 +
|-
 +
| Coelhos I<br/>
 +
| 4 500<br/>
 +
| 1.1 %<br/>
 +
|-
 +
| Coelhos III<br/>
 +
| 4 500<br/>
 +
| 1.1 %<br/>
 +
|-
 +
| Atlântica<br/>
 +
| 4 500<br/>
 +
| 1.1 %<br/>
 
|-
 
|-
−
! scope="col" | Owner<br>  
+
| Caravela<br/>
−
! scope="col" | Share<br>
+
| 4 500<br/>
 +
| 1.1 %<br/>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Enerfin Enervento / Wobben Wind Power Enercon<br>  
+
| Coelhos II<br/>
−
| 36.2&nbsp;%<br>
+
| 4 500<br/>
 +
| 1.1 %<br/>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Pacific Hydro <br>  
+
| Coelhos IV<br/>
−
| 13.3&nbsp;%<br>
+
| 4 500<br/>
 +
| 1.1 %<br/>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Enerbrasil / Iberdrola<br>  
+
| Mataraca<br/>
−
| 11.9&nbsp;%<br>
+
| 4 500<br/>
 +
| 1.1 %<br/>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| SIIF <br>  
+
| Petrobrás<br/>
−
| 11.7&nbsp;%<br>
+
| Macau<br/>
 +
| Petróleo Brasileiro<br/>S./ A<br/>
 +
| 1 800<br/>
 +
| 0.4 %
 +
| Macau - RN<br/>
 +
| Northeast<br/>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Tractebel Energia / GDF Suez<br>  
+
| rowspan="2" | Martifer<br/><br/>
−
| 10.5&nbsp;%<br>
+
| Eólica Canoa<br/>Quebrada<br/>
 +
| rowspan="2" | Rosa dos Ventos<br/>Geração e<br/>Comercialização<br/>de Energia<br/>S.A.<br/><br/>
 +
| 10 500<br/>
 +
| 2.5 %<br/>
 +
| Aracati - CE<br/>
 +
| Northeast<br/>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Wobben Wind Power Enercon<br>  
+
| Lagoa<br/>do Mato<br/>
−
| 4.3&nbsp;%<br>
+
| 3 230
 +
| 0.8 %<br/>
 +
| Aracati - CE<br/>
 +
| Northeast<br/>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Servtec<br>  
+
| Servtec<br/>
−
| 4.0&nbsp;%<br>
+
| Taíba Albatroz<br/>
 +
| Bons Ventos<br/>Geradora de<br/>Energia S.A.<br/>
 +
| 16 500<br/>
 +
| 4.0 %<br/>
 +
| São Gonçalo do<br/>Amarante - CE<br/>
 +
| Northeast<br/>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| EDP / CENAEEL<br>  
+
| rowspan="2" | SIIF<br/><br/>
−
| 3.3&nbsp;%<br>
+
| Eólica Paracuru<br/>
 +
| Eólica Paracuru<br/>Geração<br/>e Comercialização<br/>de<br/>Energia S.A.<br/>
 +
| 23 400
 +
| 5.6 %<br/>
 +
| Paracuru - CE<br/>
 +
| Northeast<br/>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Martifer<br>  
+
| Foz do Rio<br/>Choró<br/>
−
| 3.3&nbsp;%<br>
+
| SIIF Cinco<br/>Geração e<br/>Comercialização<br/>de Energia<br/>S.A.<br/>
 +
| 25 200<br/>
 +
| 6.1 %<br/>
 +
| Beberibe - CE<br/>
 +
| Northeast<br/>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| COPEL<br>  
+
| rowspan="2" | Tractebel Energia / GD F Suez<br/><br/>
−
| 0.6&nbsp;%<br>
+
| Parque Eólico<br/>de Beberibe<br/>
 +
| Eólica Beberibe<br/>S.A.<br/>
 +
| 25 600<br/>
 +
| 6.2 %<br/>
 +
| Beberibe - CE<br/>
 +
| Northeast<br/>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Petrobrás<br>  
+
| Pedra do Sal<br/>
−
| 0.4&nbsp;%<br>
+
| Eólica Pedra<br/>do Sal S.A.<br/>
 +
| 18 000<br/>
 +
| 4.3 %<br/>
 +
| Parnaíba - PI<br/>
 +
| Northeast<br/>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| CEMIG<br>  
+
| rowspan="4" | Wobben Wind Power Enercon<br/>
−
| 0.2&nbsp;%<br>
+
| Eólica de Bom<br/>Jardim<br/>
 +
| Parque Eólico<br/>de Santa Catarina<br/>Ltda<br/>
 +
| 600<br/>
 +
| 0.1 %<br/>
 +
| Bom Jardim da<br/>Serra - SC<br/>
 +
| South<br/>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Centro Brasileiro de Energia Eólica - FADE / UFPE<br>  
+
| Eólica de<br/>Prainha<br/>
−
| 0.1&nbsp;%<br>
+
| rowspan="3" | Wobben Wind<br/>Power Industria<br/>e Comércio<br/>Ltda<br/>
 +
| 10 000<br/>
 +
| 2.4 %
 +
| Aquiraz - CE<br/>
 +
| Northeast<br/>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Foum El Oued 2011<br>  
+
| Eólica de Taíba<br/>
−
| <br>
+
| 5 000<br/>
 +
| 1.2 %<br/>
 +
| São Gonçalo do<br/>Amarante - CE<br/>
 +
| Northeast<br/>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Source: Aneel, BIG<br>  
+
| Mucuripe<br/>
−
| <br>
+
| 2 400<br/>
 +
| 0.6 %<br/>
 +
| Fortaleza - CE<br/>
 +
| Northeast<br/>
 +
|-
 +
| colspan="3" | TOTAL<br/>
 +
| 414 480
 +
| 100.0 %
 +
| colspan="2" |
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
== Business Climate<br> ==
+
<br/>
 +
 
 +
Twelve of the wind parks are situated in the North-eastern region (Eight in the State of Ceará and 4 in Pernambuco) and one in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Together they have a capacity of 442 MW. Another 45 plants, totalling 2 300 MW, have already been granted approval but their construction has not started yet. The following table shows the companies who own existing wind farms, indicating their share of the total installed capacity of 414 GW:
 +
 
 +
<br/>
 +
 
 +
{| border="1" align="center" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" style="width: 400px; width: 100%"
 +
|-
 +
! scope="col" style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | Owner<br/>
 +
! scope="col" style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | Share<br/>
 +
|-
 +
| Enerfin Enervento / Wobben Wind Power Enercon<br/>
 +
| 36.2 %<br/>
 +
|-
 +
| Pacific Hydro<br/>
 +
| 13.3 %<br/>
 +
|-
 +
| Enerbrasil / Iberdrola<br/>
 +
| 11.9 %<br/>
 +
|-
 +
| SIIF<br/>
 +
| 11.7 %<br/>
 +
|-
 +
| Tractebel Energia / GDF Suez<br/>
 +
| 10.5 %<br/>
 +
|-
 +
| Wobben Wind Power Enercon<br/>
 +
| 4.3 %<br/>
 +
|-
 +
| Servtec<br/>
 +
| 4.0 %<br/>
 +
|-
 +
| EDP / CENAEEL<br/>
 +
| 3.3 %<br/>
 +
|-
 +
| Martifer<br/>
 +
| 3.3 %<br/>
 +
|-
 +
| COPEL<br/>
 +
| 0.6 %<br/>
 +
|-
 +
| Petrobrás<br/>
 +
| 0.4 %<br/>
 +
|-
 +
| CEMIG<br/>
 +
| 0.2 %<br/>
 +
|-
 +
| Centro Brasileiro de Energia Eólica - FADE / UFPE<br/>
 +
| 0.1 %<br/>
 +
|-
 +
| Foum El Oued 2011<br/>
 +
| <br/>
 +
|-
 +
| Source: Aneel, BIG<br/>
 +
| <br/>
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
<br/>
 +
 
 +
[[Wind_Energy_Country_Analyses_Brazil#Overview_-_Wind_Energy_Potential|►Go to Top]]
 +
 
 +
= Business Climate<br/> =
 +
 
 +
The Wind energy industry is already established in the country. The company Wobben Windpower produces, installs and maintains high quality wind turbines. Wobben Windpower is a subsidiary of Enercon GmbH, a world leader in wind energy technology. Therefore, many experts have stated that there is actually no need for importing equipment; however, importation would certainly increase competition. On the other hand, technical experts and skilled workers are still scarce and it is foreseen that the need for maintenance experts will increase with the last execution of PROINFA installations. In this context, the GTZ Energy Programme for Brazil is about to set up an operation and maintenance education and training programme. The Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) has specific financing programmes for the development of wind farms and has already financed some of them, like those situated in Osório-RS. Except the well-known international financing organizations, there is no real alternative to BNDES.
 +
 
 +
[[Wind_Energy_Country_Analyses_Brazil#Overview_-_Wind_Energy_Potential|►Go to Top]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
= Further Information =
 +
 
 +
*[[Energy Auctions in Brazil|Wind Energy - Brazil]]<br/>
 +
*[[:File:Development of a Wind Index Concept for Brazil.pdf|Development of a Wind Index Concept for Brazil]]<br/>
 +
*[[Portal:Wind|Wind Portal on energypedia]]<br/>
 +
*[[Country-specific Wind Energy Facts|Wind Energy Map (country-specific wind energy facts)]]
 +
 
 +
<br/>
 +
 
 +
[[Wind Energy Country Analyses Brazil#Overview - Wind Energy Potential|►Go to Top]]
  
−
The Wind energy industry is already established in the country. The company Wobben Windpower produces, installs and maintains high quality wind turbines. Wobben Windpower is a subsidiary of Enercon GmbH, a world leader in wind energy technology. Therefore, many experts have stated that there is actually no need for importing equipment; however, importation would certainly increase competition. On the other hand, technical experts and skilled workers are still scarce and it is foreseen that the need for maintenance experts will increase with the last execution of PROINFA installations. In this context, the GTZ Energy Programme for Brazil is about to set up an operation and maintenance education and training programme. The Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) has specific financing programmes for the development of wind farms and has already financed some of them, like those situated in Osório-RS. Except the well-known international financing organizations, there is no real alternative to BNDES. <br>
 
  
−
[[Wind Energy Map (country-specific wind energy facts)]]
+
= References<br/> =
  
−
[[Portal:Wind]]
+
<references />
  
 
[[Category:Wind]]
 
[[Category:Wind]]
 +
[[Category:Brazil]]

Latest revision as of 13:45, 22 July 2019

Overview - Wind Energy Potential

Map of Brasil (terrain)

wind potential is estimated to be 143 GW[1]. 1.4 GW have already been contracted under the Programme for Promotion of Alternative Electricity Sources (PROINFA). However, by August 2009 only 414 MW had actually been installed.[2] The Brazilian Wind Energy Centre published in 2001 a Brazilian Wind Atlas. It was used by the National Energy Plan for 2030 (PNE 2030) in its studies on wind energy[3]. The atlas provides information on the wind energy conditions at 50 m height. It covers all areas with wind speeds above 7 m / s. These values are theoretical. For example, the North-eastern potential estimated at 75 GW in the PNE 2030 could be as low as 12 GW according to other credible studies.


Framework Conditions for Wind Energy

The PROINFA is the main programme promoting the use of wind energy (together with biomass and small hydro). With PROINFA ending end of 2009, government has chosen to follow a different path in the future and promote wind energy via dedicated auctions that will be held once or twice a year.

Starting this process, for the first time wind energy will be sold under the regulated system in an auction to take place in November 2009. According to the Brazilian Wind Energy Association, in July 2009 a total of 441 projects were registered to participate in the auction, representing 13 341 MW. It is a huge amount if the actual installed capacity of 359 MW is considered. These projects are located in the South, Southeast and Northeast, the regions with the greatest wind potential in the country. The energy sold in the auction will have to be delivered from July 2012 on, with a duration of up to 20 years.

One strong barrier for a better development of the wind energy market under the PROINFA incentives is that 60 % of the equipment used should come from national industry. It was intended to be an incentive to the industry, but many project developers see it as an obstacle. This question is under discussion and it is expected that for the auction in November 2009 developers will be allowed to import wind energy converters with a rated power larger than 1 500 kW. For smaller turbines, the import limit will still be in place (formerly, the limit was 2 000 kW) which means the tax for imported industrialised products (IPI) of 14 % is applied.

In this respect, also the programme »Luz para Todos«[4] needs to be mentioned, providing subsidies of up to 85 % of direct project cost. Power plants, including wind energy plants, are included in the category of enterprises that have to undergo an environmental licensing process. Law No. 6938 / 1981, which provides the National Policy on Environment (AMPP), establishes standards and sets criteria for the licensing of actual or potentially polluting activities. With regard to grid connection, the concessionaire or the ONS has to offer an entry point to the distribution or transmission network at a convenient knot for the wind park; the wind park owner has to pay for the cable from the park to the entry point (shallow connection costs).

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Current Use of Wind Energy and Project Pipeline

The North-eastern and the Southern regions have the highest potential in the country and most of the projects that are already implemented are located in these two regions. The following table presents a list of all existing wind farms with a total installed capacity of 414 MW. Almost 250 MW are installed in the Northeast, where 25 wind parks are located. 7 wind farms, totalling 167 MW, are located in the South and one 1 MW is installed in the Southeast. According to Aneel[5], at the time of writing 13 new wind plants are being constructed.

Promoter Plant Name
 Operating Company Power
(kW) 		% of Total Installed Location Region
Centro Brasileiro de EnergiaEólica - FADE / U FPE
 Eólica de
Fernando de
Noronha,
 Centro Brasileirode EnergiaEólica -FADE / UFPE
 225 0.1 % Fernando de
Noronha- PE 		Northeast
Eólica Olinda 225 0.1 % Olinda - PE Northeast
CEMIG
 Eólica-Elétrica
Experimental
do Morro do
Camelinho
 CEMIG
Geração e
Transmissão
S./ A
 1 000
 0.2 %
 Gouveia - wMG Southeast
COPEL Eólio - Elétrica
de Palmas
 Centrais
Eólicas do
Paraná Ltda.
 2 500
 0.6 %
 Palmas - PR
 South
EDP./ CENAEEL

 Parque Eólico
do Horizonte
 Central
Nacional
de Energia
Eólica Ltda

 4 800
 1.2 %
 Água Doce - SC
 South
Eólica Água
Doce
 9 000
 2.2 %
 Água Doce - SC
 South
Enerbrasil / I berdrola
 RN 15 -
Rio do Fogo
 Energias
Renováveis
do Brasil S.A.
 49 300
 11.9 %
 Rio do Fogo -
RN
 Northeast
Enerfin Enervento / Wobben
Wind Power Enercon


 Parque Eólico
de Osório
 Ventos do Sul
Energia S./ A


 50 000 12.1 %
 Osório - RS
 South
Parque Eólico
Sangradouro
 50 000 12.1 %
 Osório - RS
 South
Parque Eólico
dos Índios
 50 000 12.1 %
 Osório - RS
 South
Pacific Hydro

 Millennium
 SPE Millennium
Central
Geradora
Eólica S./ A










 10 200
 2.5 %
 Mataraca - PB










 Northeast










Presidente
 4 500
 1.1 %
Camurim
 4 500
 1.1 %
Albatroz
 4 500
 1.1 %
Coelhos I
 4 500
 1.1 %
Coelhos III
 4 500
 1.1 %
Atlântica
 4 500
 1.1 %
Caravela
 4 500
 1.1 %
Coelhos II
 4 500
 1.1 %
Coelhos IV
 4 500
 1.1 %
Mataraca
 4 500
 1.1 %
Petrobrás
 Macau
 Petróleo Brasileiro
S./ A
 1 800
 0.4 % Macau - RN
 Northeast
Martifer

 Eólica Canoa
Quebrada
 Rosa dos Ventos
Geração e
Comercialização
de Energia
S.A.

 10 500
 2.5 %
 Aracati - CE
 Northeast
Lagoa
do Mato
 3 230 0.8 %
 Aracati - CE
 Northeast
Servtec
 Taíba Albatroz
 Bons Ventos
Geradora de
Energia S.A.
 16 500
 4.0 %
 São Gonçalo do
Amarante - CE
 Northeast
SIIF

 Eólica Paracuru
 Eólica Paracuru
Geração
e Comercialização
de
Energia S.A.
 23 400 5.6 %
 Paracuru - CE
 Northeast
Foz do Rio
Choró
 SIIF Cinco
Geração e
Comercialização
de Energia
S.A.
 25 200
 6.1 %
 Beberibe - CE
 Northeast
Tractebel Energia / GD F Suez

 Parque Eólico
de Beberibe
 Eólica Beberibe
S.A.
 25 600
 6.2 %
 Beberibe - CE
 Northeast
Pedra do Sal
 Eólica Pedra
do Sal S.A.
 18 000
 4.3 %
 Parnaíba - PI
 Northeast
Wobben Wind Power Enercon
 Eólica de Bom
Jardim
 Parque Eólico
de Santa Catarina
Ltda
 600
 0.1 %
 Bom Jardim da
Serra - SC
 South
Eólica de
Prainha
 Wobben Wind
Power Industria
e Comércio
Ltda
 10 000
 2.4 % Aquiraz - CE
 Northeast
Eólica de Taíba
 5 000
 1.2 %
 São Gonçalo do
Amarante - CE
 Northeast
Mucuripe
 2 400
 0.6 %
 Fortaleza - CE
 Northeast
TOTAL
 414 480 100.0 %


Twelve of the wind parks are situated in the North-eastern region (Eight in the State of Ceará and 4 in Pernambuco) and one in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Together they have a capacity of 442 MW. Another 45 plants, totalling 2 300 MW, have already been granted approval but their construction has not started yet. The following table shows the companies who own existing wind farms, indicating their share of the total installed capacity of 414 GW:


Owner
 Share
Enerfin Enervento / Wobben Wind Power Enercon
 36.2 %
Pacific Hydro
 13.3 %
Enerbrasil / Iberdrola
 11.9 %
SIIF
 11.7 %
Tractebel Energia / GDF Suez
 10.5 %
Wobben Wind Power Enercon
 4.3 %
Servtec
 4.0 %
EDP / CENAEEL
 3.3 %
Martifer
 3.3 %
COPEL
 0.6 %
Petrobrás
 0.4 %
CEMIG
 0.2 %
Centro Brasileiro de Energia Eólica - FADE / UFPE
 0.1 %
Foum El Oued 2011
Source: Aneel, BIG


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Business Climate

The Wind energy industry is already established in the country. The company Wobben Windpower produces, installs and maintains high quality wind turbines. Wobben Windpower is a subsidiary of Enercon GmbH, a world leader in wind energy technology. Therefore, many experts have stated that there is actually no need for importing equipment; however, importation would certainly increase competition. On the other hand, technical experts and skilled workers are still scarce and it is foreseen that the need for maintenance experts will increase with the last execution of PROINFA installations. In this context, the GTZ Energy Programme for Brazil is about to set up an operation and maintenance education and training programme. The Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) has specific financing programmes for the development of wind farms and has already financed some of them, like those situated in Osório-RS. Except the well-known international financing organizations, there is no real alternative to BNDES.

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Further Information


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References

  1. ↑ Conditions: 50 m height, average wind speed of at least 7 m/s. Brazilian Wind Energy Centre (CBEE) [[1]]
  2. ↑ Aneel, BIG (Generation Information Data Base) [[2]]
  3. ↑ http://www.cresesb.cepel.br
  4. ↑ In the end of 2003 the government launched a nationalfckLRprogram called »Luz para Todos« (Light for all) withfckLRthe aim to supply electricity to 10 million people by 2008fckLRwhich is about 2 million households, mainly in the ruralfckLRregions. As the goal was not achieved, the program wasfckLRextended until 2010. The 2 million connections werefckLRreached in June 2009 and the expectations are to reachfckLR5 million more households by the end of 2010
  5. ↑ Aneel, BIG (Generation Information Data Base) [[3]]
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