Indicator Rural Electrification and Stoves

Overview

Two lists are presented: The list for programmes or projects promoting rural electrification (RE) and the list for those projects promoting the access to improved cooking stoves (ICS).

Those programmes dealing with both aspects may combine the two lists.

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Indicator for Rural Electrification (RE)

The observation fields of expected impacts are supplemented with indicators and sub-indicators (“What to measure”) that represent options for possible choices to be made by the project. Recommended observation fields as a minimum selection of essential impacts to be observed are coloured in orange. For the RE projects essential sub-indicators are marked in blue.

The Indicators are structured according to the respective beneficiaries, who are represented by the following four groups: Households (HH), Micro and Small Enterprises (MSE), Social Infrastructure (SI), and Stove Producers (SP).

Essential Indicator (RE) (if a single indicator can not be applied, an alternative indicator from the same observation field has to be chosen)

Essential Observation field (Stoves) (any of the given indicators may be applied; the project may also define its own indicator for this observation field)

Beneficiaries: Household (HH)

Observation field	MDG relevance	Indicator	What to measure	How to measure
Additional income generating activities	MDG 1	Homebusiness activity	Number and percentage of households using electricity for productive purposes in the form of lighting only in terms of electrical machines and appliances in terms of electrical machines, appliances and lighting	short and profound HH survey
			Number of newly created businesses Number of closed down businesses	short and profound HH survey
			User’s perception of opportunities for homebusiness activities in general and related to electricity	short and profound qualitative HH appraisal
		Additional productive activities (income generating activities, agriculture etc.)	Use of saved time on productive activities (if applicable)	Short and profound HH survey and/ or qualitative HH appraisal
Additional income from productive activities	MDG 1	Income from home­business activities	Average monthly net income from productive use of electricity	profound HH survey
			User’s perception of income situation Contributions (household/community) made to local churches, mosques, temples	Profound qualitative HH appraisal
Improved living conditions for households	MDG 1	Quantity and quality of food available, of cloths, housing, health services…etc	Households’ use of saved money (if applicable) Household’s use of additional income in terms of acquisition of new assets, contributions and remittances Household’s perception of expenditure priorities	Short and profound HH survey and/ or qualitative HH appraisal
More food avail­able and addi­tional income generating activities	MDG 1	Agricultural activity	Number and percentage of farmers - using electric irrigation pumps - processing their crops	short and profound HH survey
			Annual agricultural yields Share of harvest that is processed Annual income from non-processed and processed crops	profound HH survey
			Farmer’s perception regarding agricultural production and changes related to electricity	short and profound qualitative HH appraisal
Savings in energy expenses	MDG 1	Energy expenditures	Average total household expenditures on energy (liquid fuels, wood fuels, batteries, electricity, dung) per month Share of energy expenditures in total household expenditures	short and profound HH survey and official statistics
			Broken electrical devices and respective expenditures last year	short and profound HH survey
			Household’s perception of impact of electricity/ ICS use on energy expenditures	short and profound qualitative HH appraisal
Improved food storage	MDG 1	Penetra­tion of food storage appliances	Number and percentage of households owning fridges, freezer for food storage (non-commercial use)	short and profound HH survey
Time savings	MDG 1 + 3	Time spent on firewood collection	Relation of firewood collected versus firewood bought Frequency and time spent (daily/) weekly on firewood collection Household members responsible for collecting firewood	short and profound HH survey
			Women’s perception of workload concerning fuel collection and changes related to electricity	short and profound qualitative HH appraisal
		Time spent on obtaining lighting fuels
			Time for obtaining lighting fuels Household member responsible for obtaining lighting fuels	short and profound HH survey
		Women’s working time	(Women’s) daily working hours and general time use	profound HH survey
			Women’s perception of working time and general time use and changes related to electricity	profound qualitative HH appraisal
Secured basic energy supply	MDG 1 + 7	Energy balance between demand and supply for cooking energy	Availability of fuel wood versus demand	short and profound HH survey and official statistics
Improved learning (reading and studying) conditions of school children	MDG 2 + 3	Studying and reading hours of school children	Average time per day used for reading, studying at home and at school of school children by school type (primary, secondary) and gender	short and profound HH survey
			Average total hours traditional (hurricane lanterns, traditional tin lamps) and modern lighting devices (light bulbs and tubes) are lit per week	short and profound HH survey
			Parents’ perception of changes in their children’s studying and reading conditions related to electricity	short and profound qualitative HH appraisal
		Use of time and money gained for school education and learning	School enrolment and attendance rates by school type and gender Number of absence days per year (incl. absence reason)	profound HH survey and official statistics,
			Parents’ perception of changes in their children’s school education	profound qualitative HH appraisal
		Studying conditions at school (if schools targeted by the intervention)	Perception of school children/ parents regarding the conditions for studying in their schools and changes related to electricity	short and profound qualitative HH appraisal
Improved information and commu­nica­tion opportunities	MDG 2 + 3 + 6	Penetration of information and communication facilities	Number and percentage of households owning TV, video, DVD, radio, cell phone, landline phone	short and profound HH survey
			Household’s perception of information and communication options and changes related to electricity	short and profound qualitative HH appraisal
		Use of information and communication facilities	Household member’s usage pattern of TV, video, DVD, radio, cell phone, landline phone Purpose of use of TV, video, DVD, radio, cell phone, landline phone	profound HH survey
			Household’s perception of information and communication options and changes related to electricity (also crowded out activities)	profound qualitative HH appraisal
Improved learning conditions of adults, especially women	MDG 3	Women’s attendance in evening courses	Share and number of adult household members attending evening courses by gender	short and profound HH survey
			(Women’s) perception of opportunities for evening education	short and profound qualitative HH appraisal
Better working and living conditions for women	MDG 3	Quality of livelihood for women	Women’s perception of changes in workload and working conditions related to the use of electricity	profound qualitative HH appraisal
Reduction of respiratory and eye diseases	MDG 3 + 4 + 5 + 6	Incidence of diseases related to smoke	Percentage of household members with eye infections and respiratory diseases by gender and age categories	profound HH survey and official statistics
			Women’s perception of changes in illnesses (respiratory and eye diseases)	profound qualitative HH appraisal
		Medical costs for diseases related to smoke
			Expenditure on treatment of respiratory and eye diseases	profound HH survey or qualitative HH appraisal and official statistics
Cleaner air in the household	MDG 3 + 4 + 5 + 6		Average monthly amount of liquid fuels and candles used per household Average total hours hurricane lanterns and traditional tin lamps are lit per week	short and profound HH survey
			(Women’s) perception regarding indoor air quality and smoke and changes related to electricity	short and profound qualitative HH appraisal
		Emissions from burning of wood fuel
			Average monthly amount of wood fuels (firewood, charcoal, sawdust) used per household	short and profound HH survey
		Emissions in the kitchen	Number and percentage of households which principally use an electric stove for cooking	short and profound HH survey
Biomass energy savings	MDG 7	Use of wood fuels	See “Emissions from burning of wood fuel“	-
Reductions in toxic waste	MDG 7	Use of dry cells	Average monthly amount of dry cells used	short and profound HH survey
			Battery recharging and replacement pattern for Solar Home System (SHS) (if SHS intervention)	short and profound HH survey	SHS
			Household’s perception of changes related to electricity in terms of the use of battery-run radios and torches	short and profound qualitative HH appraisal
Improved medical infrastructure (if targeted by the intervention)	MDG 4 + 5 + 6	Medical service use	Percentage of households using medical services (vaccination etc.)	profound HH survey
		Health situation	Percentage of household members with recurrent diseases by gender and age categories	profound HH survey
		Medical quality of service provision	Perception of households regarding the quality of health care facilities and changes related to electricity	short and profound qualitative HH appraisal
	MDG 5	Maternal health situation	Maternal health indicators	profound HH survey
Improved social life in community	-	Social activity in households	Perception of social activity in households of the community and changes related to electricity	short and profound qualitative HH appraisal
		Conditions for communal activities (if community centers are targeted by the intervention)	Perception of public social activity in the community and changes related to electricity	short and profound qualitative HH appraisal
			Household’s perception of the use of social activities/ services, e.g. percentage of households/ Household members that regularly visit a community center	short and profound qualitative HH appraisal
Enhanced safety in community	-	Public lighting (if public lighting is provided by the intervention)	Perception of safety and changes related to public lighting	short and profound qualitative HH appraisal

Beneficiaries: Small and Medium Enterprises (SME)

Observation field	MDG relevance	Indicator	What to measure	How to measure
Additional income generating activities	MDG 1	Business activity	Number and types of SMEs in the target area	short and profound SME survey
			Number and percentage of SMEs that use - lighting only - electrical machines and appliances	short and profound SME survey
			Number and percentage of farming SMEs -using electric irrigation pumps - processing their crops	short and profound SME survey
			Number of registered SME in the target area	profound SME survey
			Energy using and non-energy using capital stock of SME	profound SME survey
			Perception of rural entrepreneurs regarding productivity/ income	short and profound qualitative MSE appraisal
			Working hours at SMEs Closing time in the evening of SMEs	profound SME survey
			Production of SMEs Income of SMEs	profound SME survey
			Number of workers employed at SMEs	profound SME survey
		Employment
			Number of SME expanding and new jobs created	profound SME survey
		Market integration	Perception of market integration of the SME/ concerning the place where the majority of goods produced are consumed	profound SME survey
		Productivity impact related to electricity	Detailed information on production of SMEs Working hours at SMEs	profound SME survey
Savings in energy expenses	MDG 1	Energy expenditures	Average total SME expenditures on energy (liquid fuels, wood fuels, batteries, electricity, dung) per month Share of energy expenditures in total SME expenditures	short and profound SME survey
			Broken electric devices and respective expenditures last year	short and profound SME survey
Improved food storage	MDG 1	Penetra­tion of food storage appliances	Number and percentage of kiosks (/ SME) owning fridges, freezer for food storage (commercial use)	short and profound SME survey
Time savings	MDG 1 + 3	Time spent on firewood collection	Relation of firewood collected versus firewood bought Frequency and time spent (daily/) weekly on firewood collection	short and profound SME survey
Biomass energy savings	MDG 7	Use of wood fuels	Average monthly amount of wood fuels (firewood, charcoal, sawdust) used per SME	short and profound SME survey
Reductions in toxic waste	MDG 7	Use of dry cells	Average monthly amount of dry cells used per SME	short and profound SME survey
			Battery recharging and replacement pattern for Solar Home System (SHS) (if SHS intervention)	short and profound SME survey	SHS

Beneficiaries: Social Infrastructure (SI)

Observation field	MDG relevance	Indicator	What to measure	How to measure?
Medical Infrastructure
Better service provision	MDG 4 + 5 + 6	Quality of service provision	Perception of health staff regarding the quality of rural health facilities and changes related to electricity Effective health situation in the region and its relation to electricity	SI survey
Increased hygiene and safety	MDG 4 + 5 + 6	Use of modern lighting devices	Number and percentage of clinics commonly using traditional lighting devices such as hurricane lanterns Number and percentage of clinics commonly using modern lighting devices	SI survey
		Use of sterilisation devices	Number and percentage of clinics owning (electric) sterilisation devices	SI survey
Increased reliability of cold chain	MDG 4 + 5 + 6	Use of modern cooling devices	Number and percentage of clinics using electric fridges, freezers Number and percentage of clinics using kerosene-run fridges, freezers Times per month, cold chain is interrupted for at least five minutes	SI survey
Improved information and commu­nica­tion opportunities	MDG 3 + 4 + 5 + 6	Penetra­tion of information and communication facilities	Number and percentage of clinics using TV, video, DVD, radio, cell phone, landline phone Number and percentage of clinics having internet access	SI survey
Schools (disaggregated by school type, i.e. primary and secondary)
Improved studying conditions of school children	MDG 2	Studying conditions at school	Perception of teachers regarding the quality of rural education and changes related to electricity	SI survey
		Use of electric teaching aids	Number and percentage of schools using electric teaching aids such as projectors, cassette recorders, TVs, video machines Number and percentage of schools having internet access	SI survey
		Use of modern lighting devices	Number and percentage of schools using electric lighting devices Number and percentage of schools using electric lighting for evening classes	SI survey
Both Medical Infrastructure and Schools
Savings in energy expenses	MDG 1	Energy expenditures	Average total expenditures on energy (liquid fuels, wood fuels, batteries, electricity, dung) per month	SI survey
			Broken electric devices and respective expenditures per year	SI survey
Time savings	MDG 1 + 3	Time spent on firewood collection	Relation of firewood collected versus firewood bought Frequency and time spent (daily/) weekly on firewood collection	SI survey
		Time spent on cooking	Average total daily cooking time Cooking time for main meal	SI survey
Cleaner air in the kitchen	MDG 3 + 4 + 5 + 6	Emissions from burning of wood fuel	Average monthly amount of wood fuels (firewood, charcoal, sawdust) used per SI	SI survey
		Emissions in the kitchen	Number and percentage of SI which principally use an electric stove for cooking	SI survey
Biomass energy savings	MDG 7	Use of wood fuels	See “Emissions from burning of wood fuel“	SI survey
Reductions in toxic waste	MDG 7	Use of dry cells	Average monthly amount of dry cells used	SI survey

Indicators and Observation Fields for Improved Cooking Stoves (ICS)

Beneficiaries: Households (HH)

Observation field	MDG relevance	Indicator	What to measure?	How to measure?
Increasing number of ICS adopted by users	MDG 1 + 2 + 3 + 4,5,6 + 7	Number of ICS properly used, maintaned and replaced	Number of households using ICS (per type) Percentage of households using ICS according to recommendations Percentage of ICS being maintained regularly Percentage of broken ICS replaced	short and profound HH survey, observation of cooking practice and of condition of ICS
Biomass energy savings	MDG 7	Fuel wood (+ charcoal) consumption at household level	Number and percentage of households using Improved Cooking Stoves (by type) Quantity of wood fuel used per head/ stove type per day or week Saving rate Stove utilisation rate	short and profound HH survey and Kitchen Performance Test ; official statistics on use of traditional energy
Preservation of living trees and organic matter (contributing to either forest protection or land degradation)	MDG 7	Cutting of green wood from forests or open land and use of agricultural residues for land fertilization	Amount of fuel wood taken from trees, shrubs and bushes (living plant matter – from open land versus forests) versus dead plant matter – for fuel wood and charcoal production Deforestation rate Development of soil fertility and soil fertility management	official statis­tics and/or perception of district agricultural or forestry department and of village committees on management of natural ressources
Climate Protection	MDG 7	Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (CO2, NOx, ...)	GHG emissions of Improved Cooking Stove (ICS, by type) and traditional stoves Rate of GHG emission reductions by ICS use	laboratory test and official statis­tics
Savings in fuel wood expenses	MDG 1	Expenditures on cooking energy	Average total household expenditures on cooking energy per month Share of cooking energy expenditures in total household expenditures Rate of firewood collected and bought Household’s perception of impact of ICS use on energy expenditure	short and profound HH survey and/or short and profound qualitative HH appraisal
Improved living conditions for households	MDG 1	Quantity and quality of food available, of cloths, housing, health services…etc	Households’ use of saved money Household’s use of additional income in terms of acquisition of new assets, contributions and remittances Household’s perception of expenditure priorities	Short and profound HH survey and/ or qualitative HH appraisal
Secured basic energy supply	MDG 1 + 7	Energy balance between demand and supply	Availability of fuel wood versus demand	short and profound HH survey and official statistics
Time savings	MDG 1 + 3	Time spent on firewood collection	Relation of firewood collected versus firewood bought Frequency and time spent (daily/) weekly on firewood collection	short and profound HH survey
		Time spend on cooking with ICS	Daily cooking time on traditional stoves and on ICS	short and profound HH survey; KP test
		Women’s working time	(Women’s) daily working hours and general time use	profound HH survey
Additional income from productive activities	MDG 1	Income through additional productive activities (crop production, handycraft, etc)	Average income from additional productive activities User’s perception of income situation	profound qualitative HH appraisal
Better working conditions for women and children	MDG 3	Quality of working conditions for women and children	Women’s perception of changes in workload and working conditions related to the use of improved cooking technologies	profound qualitative HH appraisal
Improved living conditions for women	MDG 3	Quality of lifelihood for women	Perception of women on benefits of time savings, money savings through use of ICS on their living conditions	profound qualitative HH appraisal
Clean air in the kitchen	MDG 3 + 4 + 5 + 6	Smoke emissions in the kitchen	Women’s perception regarding indoor air quality and smoke and changes related to ICS use Concentration of CO and PM (PM 2.5 and PM 10) in the kitchen	short and profound qualitative HH appraisal; IAP test
Reduction of respiratory and eye diseases	MDG 3 + 4 + 5 + 6	Incidence of diseases related to smoke	Percentage of household members with respiratory and eye diseases bbby gender and age categories Women’s perception of changes in illnesses (respiratory and eye diseases)	profound HH survey or qualitative HH appraisal and official statistics
		Medical costs for diseases related to smoke	Expenditure on treatment of respiratory and eye diseases	profound HH survey or qualitative HH appraisal and official statistics
Safety in the kitchen	MDG 3 + 4 + 5 + 6	Number of accidents and burns caused by open fire cooking	(User’s perception of changes in) number of accidents and burns in the kitchen	short and profound qualitative HH appraisal and hospital data; profound HH survey
Hygene in the kitchen	MDG 3 + 4 + 5 + 6	Kitchen cleanness	Women’s perception of cleanliness in the kitchen compared to observations of cleanness in living rooms	short and profound qualitative HH appraisal
Modernisation of kitchen	MDG 3	Kitchen appearance	Women’s perception of changes in their kitchen through use of improved cooking stoves	observations and short and profound qualitative HH appraisal
Health improvement for HIV/Aids affected people	MDG 6	Living conditions of HIV/Aids affected people	Perception of changes in health of HIV/AIDS affected people related to the use of ICS	short and profound qualitative HH appraisal
Better education for children	MDG 2 + 3	Use of time gained for learning (children, particularly girls) and of money saved for payment of school education (parents)	School enrolment and attendance rates by school type and gender Number of absence days per year (incl. absence reason) Use of gained time (through ICS) by girls for studying Use of saved money (through ICS) for own children’s school education Parent’s perception of changes in their children’s school education	profound HH survey and official statistics, profound qualitative HH appraisal
Economic independence from family	MDG 1 + 3	Realisation of own projects with the money saved through ICS use	Women’s perception of economic independence from parents or husbands due to increased own economic activities	Profound qualitative HH appraisal and key informant interview
Access to leading positions in the community and to decision making	MDG 3	Women participation in community decision making and occupying leading positions in commu­nity committees	Women’s perception on evolution of women’s participation in community activities, decision making and leadership positions due to increased time available through ICS	profound qualitative HH appraisal and key informant interviews

Beneficiaries: Stove Producers (SP)

Observation field	MDG- relevance	Indicator	What to measure	How to measure
Improved living conditions for stove producers	MDG 1	Quantity and quality of food available, of cloths, housing, health services… etc	Use of income earned through stove production	producer survey and/or qualitative appraisal
Increased income generation for stove producers (builders, installers, constructors, dealers and marketing groups)	MDG 1 + 3	Income for male and female stove producers	Average monthly/ seasonal/ yearly income from stove production, installation and trading, disaggregated for men and women	producer survey and calculation from sales figures and benefit per stove and per man/ woman
Creation of jobs and MSEs in stove business	MDG 1 + 3	New jobs for men and women in the stove business	Number of individual producers expanding and number of jobs in MSEs	producer survey and follow up of people trained
			Number and percentage of women in small, medium and big stove business	producer survey
Creation of jobs and MSEs in other fields	MDG 1 + 3	New jobs for men and women created in other fields due to the increased occupation of stove producers	Perception of people in stove business on employment of additional labour for agriculture, household work etc.	producer survey and/or qualitative appraisal
Economic inde­pendence from family	MDG 1 + 3	Realisation of own projects by youth and women	Perception of young and/ or female stove producers on economic independence from family gained through ICS production	producer survey and/or qualitative appraisal
Access to leading positions and participation in decision making processes	MDG 3	Number of women in leading positions in MSEs, producer associations and participating in decision making processes	Perception of people in stove business, disaggregated for men and women	qualitative appraisal
			Degree of Genderisation in stove dealers associations	Organisational diagnostic, producer survey, qualitative appraisal

Beneficiaries: Social Institutions (SI) - Schools

Observation field	MDG relevance	Indicator	What to measure?	How to measure?
Increasing number of Improved Cooking Stoves (ICS) adopted by Social Institutions	MDG 1 + 2 + 3 + 4, 5, 6 + 7	Number of ICS properly used, maintained and replaced	Number of SI using ICS (per type) Percentage of SI using ICS according to recommendations Percentage of ICS being maintained regularly Percentage of broken ICS replaced	SI survey, observation of cooking practice and of condition of ICS
Biomass energy savings	MDG 7	Use of wood fuels in Social Institutions	Number and percentage of SI using Improved Cooking Stoves (by type) Quantity of wood fuel used per stove type per day or week Saving rate Stove utilisation rate Percentage of mud stoves maintained regularly Percentage of worn out stoves and parts replaced	SI survey and 24 hours cooking test in the SI; official statistics on use of traditional energy
Preservation of living trees (contributing to either forest protection or land degradation)	MDG 7	Cutting of green wood from forests or open land and use of agricultural residues for land fertilization	Amount of fuel wood taken from trees, shrubs and bushes (living plant matter – from open land versus forests) versus dead plant matter – for fuel wood and charcoal production Deforestation rate Development of soil fertility and soil fertility management	official statis­tics and/ or perception of district agricultural or forestry department and of village committees for the management of natural ressources
Savings in fuel wood expenses	MDG 1	Expenditures on cooking energy	Average total expenditures on wood fuels per month Rate of firewood collected and bought	SI survey
Secured basic energy supply	MDG 1 + 7	Energy balance between demand and supply	Availability of fuel wood versus demand	SI survey and official statistics
Time savings	MDG 1 + 3	Time spend on firewood collection	Relation of firewood collected versus firewood bought Frequency and time spent (daily/) weekly on firewood collection	SI survey
		Time spend on cooking	Average total daily cooking time on ICS and traditional stoves	SI survey
Cleaner air in the kitchen	MDG 3 + 4 + 5 + 6	Smoke emissions in the kitchen	Perception of cooks regarding indoor air quality and smoke Concentration of CO and PM (PM2.5 and PM10) in the kitchen	SI survey, short and profound qualitative SI appraisal; IAP test
Reduction of respiratory and eye diseases	MDG 3 + 4 + 5 + 6	Incidence of diseases related to smoke	Percentage of SI cooks with eye infections and respiratory diseases Cook’s perception of changes in illnesses (respiratory and eye diseases)	SI survey, qualitative appraisal and official statistics
		Medical costs for diseases related to smoke	Expenditure on treatment of respiratory and eye diseases	SI survey, qualitative SI appraisal, official statistics

Beneficiaries: Productive Stove Users (PU) - Restaurants, Beer Breweries, Bakeries

Observation field	MDG relevance	Indicator	What to measure?	How to measure?
Increasing number of Improved Cooking Stoves (ICS) adopted by Productive Users	MDG 1 + 2 + 3 + 4, 5, 6 + 7	Number of ICS properly used, maintained and replaced	Number of PU using ICS (per type) Percentage of PU using ICS according to recommendations Percentage of ICS being maintained regularly Percentage of broken ICS replaced	PU survey, observation of cooking practice and of condition of ICS
Biomass energy savings	MDG 7	Use of wood fuels in restaurants, breweries and bakeries	Number and percentage of PU using ICS (by type) Quantity of wood fuel used per stove type per day or week Saving rate Stove utilisation rate	PU survey and Kitchen Performing test in the PU; official statistics on use of traditional energy
Preservation of living trees (contributing to either forest protection or land degradation)	MDG 7	Cutting of green wood from forests or open land	Amount of fuel wood taken from trees, shrubs and bushes (living plant matter – from open land versus forests) versus dead plant matter – for fuel wood and charcoal production Deforestation rate	official statis­tics and/ or perception of district agricultural or forestry department
Savings in fuel wood expenses	MDG 1	Expenditure on cooking energy	Rate of firewood collected and bought Average total expenditures for cooking energy per month	PU survey
Secured basic energy supply	MDG 1 + 7	Energy balance between demand and supply	Availability of fuelwood versus demand	PU survey and official statistics
Time savings	MDG 1 + 3	Time spend on firewood collection	Relation of firewood collected versus firewood bought Frequency and time spent (daily/) weekly on firewood collection	PU survey
		Time spend on cooking	Average total daily cooking time	PU survey and KP test
Cleaner air in the kitchen and restaurant	MDG 3 + 4 + 5 + 6	Smoke emissions in the kitchen	Concentration of CO and PM (PM2.5 and PM10) in the kitchen	IAP test
			Perception of cooks regarding indoor air quality and smoke in the kitchen	PU survey and qualitative appraisal
			Perception of restaurant owners on indoor air quality in the restaurant	PU survey and qualitative appraisal
Reduction of respiratory and eye diseases	MDG 3 + 4 + 5 + 6	Incidence of diseases related to smoke	Percentage of PU cooks with eye infections and respiratory diseases Cook’s perception of changes in illnesses (respiratory and eye diseases)	PU survey and qualitative appraisal
		Medical costs for diseases related to smoke	Expenditure on treatment of respiratory and eye diseases	PU survey or qualitative appraisal and official statistics
Creation of new jobs	MDG 1	Employment in restaurants, bakeries and breweries	Use of saved firewood expenses for investment Number of MSE expanding and new jobs created	PU survey or qualitative appraisal

Further Information

• Catalogue of Methods for Impact Studies
  
• Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)