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| − | <div id="tabs"> | + | <div class="BALKAN"> |
| − | *[[#Wood|Wood]]
| + | '''Agenda and proceedings of the Second Regional Power Exchange: "Green Agenda: Decarbonization of the Electricity Sector in the Western Balkans"''' |
| − | *[[#Charcoal|Charcoal]]
| |
| − | *[[#Pellets|Pellets/Briquettes]]
| |
| − | *[[#Ethanol|Ethanol]]
| |
| − | *[[#Biogas|Biogas]]
| |
| − | *[[#LPG|LPG]]
| |
| − | *[[#Electricity|Electricity]]
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div id="Wood"> | + | '''Montenegro, 28-30/31 October 2024''' |
| − | {| class="wikitable sortable"
| + | |
| − | |- | + | == Key Take-Aways == |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Summary''' | + | ''Summary of the regional exchange'' |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Availability & Cost''' | + | |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Stoves/Appliances''' | + | == Agenda and Presentations == |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Health, Safety and Environment''' | + | <div class="grid stretch-items"> |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Opportunities''' | + | <div class="width-1-4"> |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Limitations''' | + | [[File:01 49.jpg|thumb|Conference picture]] |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | <div class="width-1-4"> |
| | + | [[File:01 156.jpg|thumb|Group picture from conference]] |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | <div class="width-1-4"> |
| | + | [[File:2nd Regional Exchange Agenda.pdf|thumb|alt=|2nd Regional Exchange Agenda|link=https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:2nd_Regional_Exchange_Agenda.pdf]] |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | <div class="width-1-4"> |
| | + | [[File:Insights-input for the platform GIZ reg. conference.pdf|thumb|Insights-input for the platform GIZ reg. conference.|link=https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:Insights-input_for_the_platform_GIZ_reg._conference.pdf]] |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | <div class="width-1-4"> |
| | + | [[File:2024 TWG activities overview.pdf|thumb|alt=|2024 TWG activities overview|link=https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:2024_TWG_activities_overview.pdf]] |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | <div class="width-1-4"> |
| | + | [[File:2024 TWG Tailored support overview ver2.pdf|thumb|2024 TWG Tailored support overview ver2|link=https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:2024_TWG_Tailored_support_overview_ver2.pdf]] |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | <div class="width-1-4"> |
| | + | [[File:2024 TWG Topics 2025.pdf|thumb|2024 TWG Topics 2025|link=https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:2024_TWG_Topics_2025.pdf]] |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | <div class="width-1-4"> |
| | + | [[File:Labor Market Session - 2nd day.pdf|thumb|Labor Market Session - 2nd day|link=https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:Labor_Market_Session_-_2nd_day.pdf]] |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | <div class="width-1-4"> |
| | + | [[File:Project RESET presentation - 2nd day 1st session.pdf|thumb|Project RESET presentation - 2nd day 1st session|link=https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:Project_RESET_presentation_-_2nd_day_1st_session.pdf]] |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | <div class="width-1-4"> |
| | + | [[File:RE and VET - the way forward - side-event.pdf|thumb|RE and VET - the way forward - side-event|link=https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:RE_and_VET_-_the_way_forward_-_side-event.pdf]] |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | <div class="width-1-4"> |
| | + | [[File:Regional Power Exchange slides - Charles Esser.pdf|thumb|Regional Power Exchange slides - Charles Esser|link=https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:Regional_Power_Exchange_slides_-_Charles_Esser.pdf]] |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | <div class="width-1-4"> |
| | + | [[File:Renewable Energy - Education provision Mapping in WB - side-event.pdf|thumb|Renewable Energy - Education provision Mapping in WB - side-event|link=https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:Renewable_Energy_-_Education_provision_Mapping_in_WB_-_side-event.pdf]] |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | |
| | + | ===Monday 28 October 2024=== |
| | + | {| class="wikitable" |
| | + | !Time |
| | + | !Topic |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | colspan="6" style="background:#bc2a5d; color:#ffffff;" |'''Biomass and Biomass-based Fuels''' | + | |15.00-19.00 |
| | + | |<center>'''Arrival of Participants in MNE'''</center> |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | colspan="6" style="background:#2596be; color:#ffffff;" |'''Wood''' | + | |19.00-21.00 |
| | + | |<center>'''Welcome Dinner'''</center> |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |Firewood is a traditional cooking fuel, culturally accepted in many contexts and the smoke produced from the burning of wood can flavour foods | + | |21.00-22.00 |
| − | |<nowiki>- Firewood not always available to displaced communities</nowiki>
| + | |<center>'''Market of Opportunities'''</center> |
| − | | + | Presenting state-of-art technologies/solutions for Renewables Grid Integration by German/Intl. experts in Electricity Sector<br/> |
| − | - Where readily available, firewood can be collected at high environmental cost and social cost (friction with the community, gender-based violence while collecting etc.)
| + | <center>'''Exhibitors:'''</center><br/> |
| − | | + | *Software companies: ELEKS (tbc) |
| − | - Where demand for firewood is high and there is limited availability, cost can be relatively high
| + | *Energy Act for Ukraine Foundation |
| − | | + | *Hensel Company (tbc) |
| − | - Firewood bans are becoming a popular tool to reduce deforestation | |
| − | | |
| − | - Where firewood bans are in place, it may be unavailable or relatively expensive as sold through the black market
| |
| − | |Stove Types:
| |
| − | | |
| − | - Three Stone Fire, Improved Mud Stove, Improved Cookstoves
| |
| − | | |
| − | Availability and Costs:
| |
| − | | |
| − | - Three stone fires are open fires and although they have no financial cost.
| |
| − | | |
| − | - Improved mud stoves can be produced relatively cheaply where appropriate clay soils are readily available and thus, likely to achieve higher adoption. They provide Tier performance and have room for further efficiency improvement to achieve quality standards for clean cooking.
| |
| − | | |
| − | (see MTF framework below).
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | - Improved cookstoves can be produced locally or are available from international suppliers relatively cheaply, although generally costs increase as higher quality standards are achieved
| |
| − | |<nowiki>- Collection of firewood can put women and children at risk of sexual gender-based violence </nowiki> | |
| − | | |
| − | - Cookstoves with a low tier of performance causes high levels of indoor air pollution and associated health concerns (e.g. respiratory diseases, eye irritation, etc.)
| |
| − | | |
| − | - Cooking on open fire poses risk of burns and fires | |
| − | | |
| − | - Uncontrolled exploitation of firewood can lead to deforestation and environmental degradation | |
| − | | |
| − | - Competing demands for a limited resource can lead to friction between the host and displaced communities
| |
| − | | |
| − | - In instances where biomass is non-renewably collected, improved cookstoves can contribute positively to climate change by reducing the emissions.
| |
| − | | |
| − | |<nowiki>- Improved cookstoves are more available than alternative clean cook stoves in most contexts </nowiki>
| |
| − | | |
| − | - Many commercially made improved cookstoves are more efficient than three-stone fires and some (Tier 4) also meet most of the international quality standards
| |
| − | | |
| − | - Improved cookstoves have relatively lower price and higher uptake compared to alternative clean cookstoves
| |
| − | |<nowiki>- Most improved cookstoves do not meet the quality standard for clean cooking, particularly if used improperly </nowiki>
| |
| − | | |
| − | - Improved cookstoves are dependent on biomass fuel sources, many of which are unsustainably grown and collected
| |
| − | | |
| − | - Handcrafted cookstoves cannot guarantee quality standards, and consequently it is impossible to quantify their impact
| |
| − | | |
| − | - Although sustainably managed wood lots are possible, the size of the land required is generally prohibitive with regards to meeting the demands of a displaced community in its entirety (this includes households, businesses and institutions)
| |
| − | | |
| | |} | | |} |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div id="Charcoal">
| + | ===Tuesday 29 October 2024=== |
| − | {| class="wikitable sortable"
| + | {| class="wikitable" |
| − | |-
| + | !Time |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Summary'''
| + | !Topic |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Availability & Cost'''
| |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Stoves/Appliances'''
| |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Health, Safety and Environment''' | |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Opportunities'''
| |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Limitations'''
| |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | colspan="6" style="background:#bc2a5d; color:#ffffff;" |'''Biomass and Biomass-based Fuels''' | + | |07.30-09.00 |
| | + | |<center>'''Breakfast'''</center> |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | colspan="6" style="background:#2596be; color:#ffffff;" |'''Charcoal''' | + | |09.00-09.45 |
| | + | |<center>'''Opening:'''</center><br/> |
| | + | <center>'''Energy Transition in Western Balkans – where are we standing now?'''</center><br/> |
| | + | Moderator: Rodon Miraj<br/> |
| | + | Panelists: |
| | + | *Nicolas Heger, GIZ Project Manager |
| | + | *Nermin Suljanovic, Team Leader GFA |
| | + | *Michael Heihsel, TransnetBW German TSO |
| | + | *Jaromir Simon, BDEW-German Association of Energy and Water Industries |
| | + | *Simon Martz, KfW- German Development Bank |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | Charcoal is a traditional cooking fuel, culturally accepted in many contexts and the smoke produced from the burning of charcoal can flavour foods | + | |09.45 -10.15 |
| − | | + | |<center>'''Keynote Speaker'''</center><br/> |
| − | Heat from the burning of charcoal is transferred through radiation (not convection as with firewood) so requires a different stove design from that associated to firewood stoves
| + | <center>'''E.DSO Secretary General'''</center><br/> |
| − | |<nowiki>- Charcoal is not always available to displaced communities</nowiki> | + | <center>Charles Esser</center> |
| − | | + | |- |
| − | - Where readily available, charcoal can be purchased relatively cheaply
| + | |10.15-11.00 |
| − | | + | |<center>'''1st Joint Session of Technical/Regulatory Working Groups:'''</center> |
| − | - Where demand for charcoal is high and there is limited availability, cost can be relatively high
| + | <center>'''Presentation of ongoing tailored supports by GFA consultants'''</center> |
| − | | + | #Roadmap for the introduction of battery energy storage (Montenegro – Ministry). Presenter: Miltos Aslanoglou – GFA |
| − | - Charcoal bans are becoming an increasingly popular tool to reduce deforestation (incl. In displacement settings)
| + | #Procedure for handling RES connection requests to transmission network – Queue Management (BiH – MOFTER). Presenter: Miltos Aslanoglou – GFA |
| − | | + | #The concept of data exchange between system operators in Bosnia and Herzegovina (three DSOs in B&H). Presenter: Nermin Suljanović - GFA |
| − | - Where charcoal bans are in place, it may be unavailable or relatively expensive as sold through the black market
| + | #Technical specification and requirements for integration of RES into DSO Telecommunication network (Montenegro, CEDIS). Presenter: Nermin Suljanović – GFA |
| − | | Stove Types:
| + | #Operational Models for Battery Energy Storage Systems in the Balancing Market of NOS BiH (Bosnia and Herzegovina, NOS |
| − | | + | |- |
| − | - Traditional Charcoal Stove, Improved Cookstoves
| + | |11.00-11.30 |
| − | | + | |<center>'''Coffee break'''</center> |
| − | Availability and Costs:
| + | |- |
| − | | + | |11.30-12.45 |
| − | - Improved cookstoves can be produced locally or are available from international suppliers relatively cheaply, although generally costs increase as higher quality standards are achieved
| + | |<center>'''2<sup>nd</sup> Joint Session of Technical/Regulatory Working Groups'''</center><br/> |
| − | |<nowiki>- Cookstoves with a low tier of performance can lead to high levels of indoor pollution and associated health concerns</nowiki>
| + | <center>'''4-5 pre-defined groups and discussions with guiding questions by GFA consultants, according to topics of the previously presented tailored support projects.'''</center> |
| − | | + | |- |
| − | - Use of charcoal stoves in poorly ventilated shelters can lead to death though the build-up of carbon monoxide | + | |12.45-13.15 |
| − | | + | |<center>'''Lunch Packages (take away)'''</center> |
| − | - Uncontrolled production of charcoal can lead to deforestation and environmental degradation | |
| − | | |
| − | - In instances where charcoal is not produced in a sustainable manner, improved cookstoves can contribute to climate change
| |
| − | |<nowiki>- Improved cookstoves are widely available in most contexts </nowiki> | |
| − | |<nowiki>- Most improved cookstoves do not meet the quality standard for clean cooking, particularly if used improperly </nowiki>
| |
| − | | |
| − | - Improved cookstoves are dependent on biomass fuel sources, many of which are unsustainably collected
| |
| − | | |
| − | - Handcrafted cookstoves cannot guarantee quality standards, and consequently it is impossible to quantify their impact | |
| − | | |
| − | - Although sustainably produced charcoal is possible, the size of the land required is generally prohibitive with regards to meeting the demands of a displaced community in its entirety
| |
| − | |} | |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | <div id="Pellets">
| |
| − | {| class="wikitable sortable"
| |
| − | |- | |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Summary''' | |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Availability & Cost''' | |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Stoves/Appliances''' | |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Health, Safety and Environment'''
| |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Opportunities''' | |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Limitations''' | |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | colspan="6" style="background:#bc2a5d; color:#ffffff;" |'''Biomass and Biomass-based Fuels''' | + | |13.15-18.00 |
| | + | |<center>'''Field Visit'''</center><br/> |
| | + | <center>Converter station of the HVDC link between Italy and Montenegro (Terna Company)</center> |
| | + | <center>Location: [https://www.google.de/maps/place/Centrale+elettrica+Lastva+Grbaljska-Italia/@42.3162447,18.7929967,16z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x134c2dbf75609c1b:0x776722f6813397a3!8m2!3d42.3169019!4d18.7952803!16s%2Fg%2F11t9lbh2h7!5m1!1e1?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MTExOS4yIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D https://maps.app.goo.gl/6AG1fhDRvZ57Ur9B7]</center> |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | colspan="6" style="background:#2596be; color:#ffffff;" |'''Pellets/Briquettes''' | + | |19.30-21.00 |
| | + | |<center>'''Dinner'''</center> |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | Pellets and briquettes are the result of compacting loose biomass (including charred biomass) into a uniform product, which may require the addition of a binder, to achieve energy densification (less volume for the same amount of energy output) | + | |21.00-23.00 |
| − | |<nowiki>- Pellets and briquettes may not be readily available in displacement contexts </nowiki> | + | |Cultural Night<br/> |
| | + | <center>''“Inter-coupling Energy Sector of Western Balkans”''</center> |
| | + | |} |
| | | | |
| − | - Pellets and briquettes may not be the cheapest source of cooking energy and may require some form of subsidy to make them an ‘affordable’ solution
| + | ===Wednesday 30 October 2024=== |
| − | |Stove Types:
| + | {| class="wikitable" |
| − | | + | !Time |
| − | Improved Cookstoves, Gasification Stove
| + | ! Topic |
| − | | + | |- |
| − | Availability and Costs:
| + | |07.30-09.00 |
| − | | + | |<center>'''Breakfast'''</center> |
| − | - Improved cookstoves can be produced locally or are available from international suppliers relatively cheaply, although generally costs increase as higher quality standards are achieved
| + | |- |
| − | |<nowiki>- Can produce less smoke than other biomass fuels but this is dependent on the raw materials, quality of production and the type of stove used </nowiki>
| + | |09.00-09.30 |
| − | |<nowiki>- There is an opportunity to use waste biomass or sustainable wood supplies to manufacture pellets and briquettes</nowiki>
| + | |<center>'''Energypedia: Presentation of the Online Platform'''</center><br/> |
| − | |<nowiki>- Pellets and briquettes can be difficult to light and be reused once extinguished </nowiki>
| + | <center>(Western Balkans RES knowledge sharing hub - online platform)</center> |
| − | | |
| − | - Grant based small scale briquetting activities in displacement settings rarely result in meaningful impact and are only sustainable with ongoing grant commitments
| |
| − | | |
| − | - May require the development of a supply chain to the displacement setting
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | <div id="Ethanol">
| |
| − | {| class="wikitable sortable" | |
| − | |- | |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Summary''' | |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Availability & Cost''' | |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Stoves/Appliances''' | |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Health, Safety and Environment''' | |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Opportunities''' | |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Limitations'''
| |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | colspan="6" style="background:#bc2a5d; color:#ffffff;" |'''Biomass and Biomass-based Fuels''' | + | |09.30 -10.30 |
| | + | |<center>'''Labour Market Effects Analysis – Jobs in Power Sector presentation by CETEOR'''</center> |
| | + | <center>(Hybrid event)</center><br/> |
| | + | <center>'''10.30 -13.00 SIDE EVENT - Labour Market Effects Analysis:'''</center><br/> |
| | + | <center>ERI SEE and CETEOR will organize a side event with partners (virtual)</center> |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | colspan="6" style="background:#2596be; color:#ffffff;" |'''Ethanol''' | + | |10.30 -11:30 |
| | + | |<center>'''Technical and Regulatory Working Group Synchro Session I by GFA'''</center><br/> |
| | + | <center>(Debriefing TWG and RWG on each other’s work)</center><br/> |
| | + | <center>'''Topics:</center><br/> |
| | + | *RWG debriefing to TWG members: |
| | + | #EV charging points. |
| | + | #Energy communities and energy sharing. |
| | + | *TWG debriefing to RWG members: |
| | + | #Flexibility. |
| | + | #Data Exchange. |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |Ethanol is an alcohol fuel distilled from a variety of biomass feedstock, usually produced in liquid or gel form | + | |11.30-12.00 |
| − | |<nowiki>- Ethanol may not be readily available in displacement contexts </nowiki>
| + | |<center>'''Coffee Break'''</center> |
| − | | |
| − | - The cost of ethanol is influenced by production and supply chain costs and economies of scale
| |
| − | | |
| − | - Sugar cane and molasses are the most common and economical sources of ethanol
| |
| − | |Stove Types:
| |
| − | | |
| − | - Ethanol Burner
| |
| − | | |
| − | Availability and Costs:
| |
| − | | |
| − | -Availability limited to contexts where ethanol for cooking is already established
| |
| − | | |
| − | - Simple design and can be made relatively cheaply
| |
| − | |<nowiki>- Can be manufactured from renewable primary products, however, poor land management associated to fuel crops can lead to environmental degradation </nowiki> | |
| − | | |
| − | - Fuel crops can occupy land previously associated to food production or biodiversity
| |
| − | | |
| − | - Clean combustion with negligible emissions and no soot
| |
| − | |<nowiki>- Ethanol can be affordable in contexts with appropriate supply ecosystems </nowiki>
| |
| − | |<nowiki>- May require the development of a supply chain to the displacement setting</nowiki>
| |
| − | | |
| − | - May require behavioural change if users unfamiliar with or hesitant towards gas stoves
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | <div id="Biogas">
| |
| − | {| class="wikitable sortable"
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Summary'''
| |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Availability & Cost'''
| |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Stoves/Appliances'''
| |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Health, Safety and Environment'''
| |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Opportunities'''
| |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Limitations'''
| |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | colspan="6" style="background:#bc2a5d; color:#ffffff;" |'''Biomass and Biomass-based Fuels''' | + | |12.00-13.00 |
| | + | |<center>'''Technical and Regulatory Working Group Synchro Session II by GFA'''</center> |
| | + | <center>Discussion on the work done by Technical/Regulatory working groups until now – How technical actors see regulatory requirements and obligations related to presented topics and vice-versa</center> |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | colspan="6" style="background:#2596be; color:#ffffff;" |'''Biogas''' | + | |13.00-14.30 |
| | + | |<center>'''Lunch'''</center> |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |Biogas is produced from agricultural, food and/or human waste through processes of anaerobic digestion | + | |14.30 -15.00 |
| − | |<nowiki>- it is particularly viable in rural areas where sufficient feedstock is available</nowiki>
| + | |<center>'''Energy transition index & DSO roadmap'''</center><br/> |
| − | | + | <center>'''Presented by: Offis Institute'''</center> |
| − | - Biogas systems require intensive upkeep and maintenance, which is labour intensive and requires skilled local knowhow for its maintenance.
| |
| − | | |
| − | - Such systems have high investment costs though more affordable DIY or ready-made solutions also exist
| |
| − | |Stove Types:
| |
| − | | |
| − | - Biogas Burner
| |
| − | | |
| − | Availability and Costs:
| |
| − | | |
| − | - Simple design and can be made relatively cheaply | |
| − | |<nowiki>- Biogas is clean and, if feedstock processes are managed correctly, safe for users </nowiki>
| |
| − | | |
| − | - Reduces reliance on firewood and charcoal, which can reduce the impacts of deforestation
| |
| − | |<nowiki>- Biogas systems can contribute to circular economies and can incorporate sanitation management strategies </nowiki>
| |
| − | | |
| − | - Biogas produces fertiliser as a by-product which is a sought-after co-benefit
| |
| − | |<nowiki>- Ideally for households with agricultural and livestock. Could also support community cooking activities </nowiki>
| |
| − | | |
| − | - Cultural norms might limit the acceptance of handling raw materials and cooking from the generated gas
| |
| − | | |
| − | - Biogas systems need a significant initial water input to produce gas
| |
| − | | |
| − | - Biogas systems require a continuous supply of suitable feedstock, which is a challenge to procure or produce
| |
| − | | |
| − | - The biodigester needs a certain temperature and contamination needs to be avoided for continuous biogas generation
| |
| − | | |
| − | - May require behavioural change if users unfamiliar with or hesitant towards gas stoves
| |
| − | |} | |
| − | </div> | |
| − | <div id="LPG">
| |
| − | {| class="wikitable sortable"
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Summary'''
| |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Availability & Cost'''
| |
| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Stoves/Appliances'''
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| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Health, Safety and Environment'''
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| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Opportunities'''
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| − | | style="background:#27811d; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" |'''Limitations'''
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| | |- | | |- |
| − | | colspan="6" style="background:#bc2a5d; color:#ffffff;" |'''Fossil Fuels''' | + | |15.00- 15.30 |
| | + | |<center>'''Setting TWG/RWG Agenda till June 2025 (the way ahead)'''</center><br/> |
| | + | <center>'''Groups with guided discussion by GFA about the remaining topics for next months and tailored support requests (next steps).'''</center><br/> |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | colspan="6" style="background:#2596be; color:#ffffff;" |'''Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG)''' | + | |15.30- 16.30 |
| | + | |<center>'''Panel II Situation of Women in the Western Balkans Power Sector By GIZ'''</center><br/> |
| | + | <center>'''Panelists:'''</center><br/> |
| | + | *Arijeta Pajaziti - AWESK (Association of Women in the Energy Sector of Kosovo) |
| | + | *Melina Kalem - CETEOR |
| | + | *Yuliana Onishchuk - Energy Act for Ukraine Foundation |
| | + | *Krenar Bujupi – Expertise France |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |A by-product of natural gas and oil extraction, can be supplied to kitchens in cylinders, providing a convenient cooking fuel which increasingly features in government policies to transition from biomass fuels | + | |16.30- 18.00 |
| − | |<nowiki>- In many contexts, LPG can be prohibitively expensive for low-income households, especially without subsidy </nowiki> | + | |<center>'''OPTIONAL: 1 on 1 Individual Consultations with project partners'''</center><br/> |
| − | | + | <center>'''TAILORED SUPPORT REQUESTS'''</center><br/> |
| − | - The cost of LPG is influenced by production and supply chain costs, economies of scale and domestic energy policies (e.g., subsidies)
| + | <center>GIZ/GFA/Offis Institut/individual experts</center> |
| − | | |
| − | - In some contexts the monthly costs associated to cooking may be cheaper with LPG than traditional fuels, however, the initial cost of the stove and deposit on the first cylinder may be prohibitive
| |
| − | |Stove Types:
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| − | | |
| − | - Gas Burner
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| − | | |
| − | Availability and Costs:
| |
| − | | |
| − | - Simple design and can be made relatively cheaply
| |
| − | |<nowiki>- LPG is a clean fuel, which emits lower GHG emissions than biomass fuels </nowiki>
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| − | | |
| − | - There are safety concerns associated to the use of LPG if not stored or used correctly
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| − | | |
| − | - LPG is a clean-burning fuel that emits less CO<sub>2</sub> compared to other biomass fuels and thus, contributes to climate change
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| − | |<nowiki>- LPG stoves are convenient to use, efficient and fast </nowiki>
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| − | | |
| − | - LPG is easy to store in bottles and transported from the production centre to the consumers
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| − | |<nowiki>- LPG is dependent on a reliable distribution network, which is a challenge in remote and rural areas </nowiki>
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| − | | |
| − | - LPG is a finite, fossil fuel resource
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| − | | |
| − | - Initial cost of buying a gas stove and cylinder can pose financial challenges
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| − | | |
| − | - Since the gas cylinders are heavy and bulky, can pose transport challenges for the rural household. Households might have to pay extra for the transport deterring adoption.
| |
| | |} | | |} |
| − | </div>
| + | [[Category:Western Balkans]] |
| − | | + | [[Category:Conference Documentation]] |
| − | | |
| − | </div>
| |
