View source for Electrical Equipment Innovation for Electricity Grids

== Introduction ==
Electrical equipment innovation is fundamental to meeting the complex demands of a decarbonised, decentralised, and increasingly digitalised grid. Technology and hardware innovations, such as advanced power flow control or high-voltage direct current (HVDC) cables, provide solutions to increase grid capacity. They help to ensure energy reliability and stability as grids adapt to intermittent renewable inputs, bidirectional power flows, and rapid shifts in power usage.<ref>Cloe Coates / Zero Carbon Capital Limited (2024): [https://www.zerocarbon.vc/post/modernising-the-grid-hardware-innovations-for-the-energy-transition Modernising the grid: hardware innovations for the energy transition]. </ref>

== Technologies to Increase Capacity ==
Advanced transmission technologies can increase physical line capacity.<ref>US Department of Energy (DOE) (2024): [https://liftoff.energy.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Liftoff_Innovative-Grid-Deployment_Final_4.15.pdf Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Innovative Grid Deployment.]</ref>

=== Dynamic Line Rating (DLR) ===

=== Advanced Power Flow Control (APFC) ===
Power flow control devices help in managing congestion, optimising load distribution, and increasing grid reliability without extensive infrastructure expansion. 

=== Higher Capacity Cables: Advanced Conductors and Superconductors ===

== Hardware Innovations at Transmission Level ==

=== High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) systems ===

=== Dynamic High-Voltage Subsea Cables ===
Dynamic HV subsea cables differ from static cables in that they are suspended between a floating structure and the seabed, rather than being buried. This positioning subjects them to continuous movement due to the substation’s motion, as well as waves and ocean currents, resulting in repeated bending and stress. To withstand these conditions, dynamic cables require a specialised water barrier to prevent moisture from penetrating the insulation system.<ref>Maxime Toulotte / Nexans (2024): [https://www.nexans.com/perspectives/dynamic-cables-opening-up-new-markets-in-offshore-wind-development/ Dynamic cables – opening up new markets in offshore wind development]. </ref>

== Further Information ==

* [[Portal:Grid|Electricity Grid Porta]]<nowiki/>l on energypedia

== References ==
[[Category:Grid]]
[[Category:Electricity]]