Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection - Revision history

Avinash Kumar: /* Preliminary Environmental Considerations */

2016-04-18T08:34:15Z

Preliminary Environmental Considerations

Wiki Gardener: /* Further Information */

2014-11-14T11:50:15Z

Further Information

Ranisha at 11:54, 29 August 2014

2014-08-29T11:54:32Z

Ranisha at 08:14, 14 August 2014

2014-08-14T08:14:03Z

Ranisha at 09:52, 12 August 2014

2014-08-12T09:52:20Z

Ranisha: /* Further Information */

2014-08-01T12:00:44Z

Further Information

Wiki Gardener at 14:39, 12 June 2014

2014-06-12T14:39:22Z

Show changes

Jan: Reverted edits by Jan (talk) to last revision by Uschuetzenmeister

2012-05-20T13:39:24Z

Reverted edits by Jan (*****) to last revision by *****

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Jan at 13:38, 20 May 2012

2012-05-20T13:38:43Z

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Jan: Reverted edits by Jan (talk) to last revision by Uschuetzenmeister

2012-05-20T13:31:26Z

Reverted edits by Jan (*****) to last revision by *****

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@@ Line 58: / Line 58: @@
 [[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#toc|►Go to Top]]
 = Preliminary Environmental Considerations<br/> =
 National parks, other areas of environmental protection or protected species must be identified, because these regulations can pose close constraints on the wind project development. Existing documents and concerning environmental protection have to be studied and local authorities should be consulted for the local environmental policy and its objectives for the next years: In case the local authority is developing an environmental protection programme for the area, legal conditions are likely to change<ref>British wind energy association (1994) Best practice guidelines for wind energy development, retrieved 8.7.2011, [[http://www.bwea.com/pdf/bpg.pdf]]</ref>. Besides legal conditions several other aspects have to be considered initially<ref>Burcote Renewables Wind (2011) Environmental Impact Assessment, retrieved 25.07.2011 [[http://www.burcotewind.com/how-we-work/environmental-impact-assessment]]</ref>.<br/>
 *''Visual effects'': The visibility of the site from important public viewpoints has to be taken into account to avoid restistance to the project by inhabitants of the region.<br/>
 *''Proximity to dwellings'': Because wind turbine operation causes noise, flickering shadow, reflected light and are visually dominant wind projects should not be installed near domestic dwellings.<br/>
@@ Line 68: / Line 70: @@
 [[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#toc|►Go to Top]]
 = Dialogue with Local Civic and Planning Authorities<br/> =

@@ Line 78: / Line 78: @@
 <br/>
 = Further Information =
@@ Line 84: / Line 85: @@
 *[[Wind Projects - Site Selection - Rules of Thumb|Site Selection - Rules of Thumb]]<br/>
 *[[Land Acquisition - Wind Energy|Land Acquisition - Wind Energy]]<br/>
-*[[Site Selection Wind|Site Selection Wind]]<br/>
+*[[Standortwahl_Wind|Standortwahl Wind]]<br/>
 = References =

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[Portal:Wind|► Back to Wind Portal]]
@@ Line 22: / Line 21: @@
 In case data availability is very limited (for instance only from remote weather stations), wind velocity modelling including meteorological data and site characteristics can be used<ref>Burton T. et al. (2001) Wind Energy Handbook, John Wiley+Sons</ref>.<br/>
-[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|►Go to Top]]
+[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#toc|►Go to Top]]
 = Financial Considerations =
@@ Line 28: / Line 27: @@
 For the estimation of the financial possibilities, the amount of equity for the project is crucial. Thus the project developer has to consider potential investors or co-investors to determine the possible size of the project roughly. An idea of the rough site of the project in turn is fundamental for the selection of a site.<br/>
-[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|►Go to Top]]
+[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#toc|►Go to Top]]
 = Assessing Local Framework Conditions =
@@ Line 34: / Line 33: @@
 === Information about Grid-connection Possibilities ===
-If the wind project is supposed to be connected to the grid, it will be necessary to examine the local availability of the electricity grid. Local electricity suppliers have to be consulted concerning possible connection points, local grid capacity and likely costs of connection in the area<ref>European Wind Energy Association (1999) European best practice guidelines for wind energy development, retrieved 7.7.2011 [[http://ec.europa.eu/energy/res/sectors/doc/wind_energy/best_practice.pdf]]</ref>. If only a short line to the next connection point has to be installed, costs of grid-connection will be low and the environmental impacts of this easiest case are small. In some areas the line connects the wind project directly with the next transformer station. In case the grid-capacity at the transformer-station is not sufficient for the connection of the wind project, the station has to be extended with an additional segment. Very big projects contain a separat transformer station required for the connection of the project to high-voltage grids<ref>Gasch R. and Twele J. (2010) Windkraftanlagen - Grundlagen, Entwurf, Planung und Betrieb, Vieweg und Teubner</ref>. Taking into account this information the project developer knows, whether the grid-connection will cause high costs and environmental impacts due to a long distance to the next connection point. Thus it is important to initiate a dialogue with the local electricity supplier as early as possible<ref>Earnest J. and Wizelius T. (2011) Wind power plants and project develoment, PHI Learning private limited, New Delhi</ref>.
+If the wind project is supposed to be connected to the grid, it will be necessary to examine the local availability of the electricity grid. Local electricity suppliers have to be consulted concerning possible connection points, local grid capacity and likely costs of connection in the area<ref>European Wind Energy Association (1999) European best practice guidelines for wind energy development, retrieved 7.7.2011 [[http://ec.europa.eu/energy/res/sectors/doc/wind_energy/best_practice.pdf]]</ref>. If only a short line to the next connection point has to be installed, costs of grid-connection will be low and the environmental impacts of this easiest case are small. In some areas the line connects the wind project directly with the next transformer station. In case the grid-capacity at the transformer-station is not sufficient for the connection of the wind project, the station has to be extended with an additional segment. Very big projects contain a separat transformer station required for the connection of the project to high-voltage grids<ref>Gasch R. and Twele J. (2010) Windkraftanlagen - Grundlagen, Entwurf, Planung und Betrieb, Vieweg und Teubner</ref>. Taking into account this information the project developer knows, whether the grid-connection will cause high costs and environmental impacts due to a long distance to the next connection point. Thus it is important to initiate a dialogue with the local electricity supplier as early as possible<ref>Earnest J. and Wizelius T. (2011) Wind power plants and project development, PHI Learning private limited, New Delhi</ref>.
-[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|►Go to Top]]
+[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#toc|►Go to Top]]
 === Road Access to the Wind Project Site ===
@@ Line 44: / Line 43: @@
 For the construction process, the site must have enough space to place at least one big and heavy crane. Usually the construction of big wind turbines is done by one very big main crane and a smaller 'assistant' crane. Besides space, construction machinery and vehicles need a high ground consistency for their operation<ref>European Wind Energy Association (1999) European best practice guidelines for wind energy development, retrieved 7.7.2011 [[http://ec.europa.eu/energy/res/sectors/doc/wind_energy/best_practice.pdf]]</ref>.
-[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|►Go to Top]]
+[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#toc|►Go to Top]]
 === Soil Conditions ===
@@ Line 50: / Line 49: @@
 The type of basement for the wind turbines depends on the soil conditions at each specific site. As different basement types need different construction periods and cause different costs, information about soil conditions have to be collected in advance. The following feasibility study will include a professional survey for the soil conditions but at this early stage the local administration maybe contacted for available information<ref>European Wind Energy Association (1999) European best practice guidelines for wind energy development, retrieved 7.7.2011 [[http://ec.europa.eu/energy/res/sectors/doc/wind_energy/best_practice.pdf]]</ref>.
-[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|►Go to Top]]
+[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#toc|►Go to Top]]
 === Infrastructure Adversely affected by Wind Turbines<br/> ===
@@ Line 58: / Line 57: @@
 For sites close to airports the local airport authority has to be consulted. This is especially important for military airports and possible restricted military areas<ref>European Wind Energy Association (1999) European best practice guidelines for wind energy development, retrieved 7.7.2011 [[http://ec.europa.eu/energy/res/sectors/doc/wind_energy/best_practice.pdf]]</ref>.
-[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|►Go to Top]]
+[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#toc|►Go to Top]]
 = Preliminary Environmental Considerations<br/> =
@@ Line 68: / Line 67: @@
 *''Recreational use'': If the site is near to areas used for recreational purposes by the local population or local authorities plan to develop a recreational area nearby, public resistance against the development of a wind project is likely.<br/>
-[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|►Go to Top]]
+[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#toc|►Go to Top]]
 = Dialogue with Local Civic and Planning Authorities<br/> =
@@ Line 76: / Line 75: @@
 As the development of a wind project at this stage still has a speculative character, a broad public announcement and distribution of project information should be avoided to keep concerns of the local population about the change of landscape and environmental impacts low<ref>European Wind Energy Association (1999) Best Practice Guidelines for Wind Energy Development, retrieved 8.7.2011 [[http://ec.europa.eu/energy/res/sectors/doc/wind_energy/best_practice.pdf]]</ref>.
-[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|►Go to Top]]
+[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#toc|►Go to Top]]
 <br/>
@@ Line 87: / Line 86: @@
 *[[Site Selection Wind|Site Selection Wind]]<br/>
-[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|►Go to Top]]
+[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#toc|►Go to Top]]
 = References =

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[Portal:Wind|► Back to Wind Portal]]
@@ Line 21: / Line 22: @@
 In case data availability is very limited (for instance only from remote weather stations), wind velocity modelling including meteorological data and site characteristics can be used<ref>Burton T. et al. (2001) Wind Energy Handbook, John Wiley+Sons</ref>.<br/>
-[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|Go to Top]]
+[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|►Go to Top]]
 = Financial Considerations =
@@ Line 27: / Line 28: @@
 For the estimation of the financial possibilities, the amount of equity for the project is crucial. Thus the project developer has to consider potential investors or co-investors to determine the possible size of the project roughly. An idea of the rough site of the project in turn is fundamental for the selection of a site.<br/>
-[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|Go to Top]]
+[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|►Go to Top]]
 = Assessing Local Framework Conditions =
@@ Line 35: / Line 36: @@
 If the wind project is supposed to be connected to the grid, it will be necessary to examine the local availability of the electricity grid. Local electricity suppliers have to be consulted concerning possible connection points, local grid capacity and likely costs of connection in the area<ref>European Wind Energy Association (1999) European best practice guidelines for wind energy development, retrieved 7.7.2011 [[http://ec.europa.eu/energy/res/sectors/doc/wind_energy/best_practice.pdf]]</ref>. If only a short line to the next connection point has to be installed, costs of grid-connection will be low and the environmental impacts of this easiest case are small. In some areas the line connects the wind project directly with the next transformer station. In case the grid-capacity at the transformer-station is not sufficient for the connection of the wind project, the station has to be extended with an additional segment. Very big projects contain a separat transformer station required for the connection of the project to high-voltage grids<ref>Gasch R. and Twele J. (2010) Windkraftanlagen - Grundlagen, Entwurf, Planung und Betrieb, Vieweg und Teubner</ref>. Taking into account this information the project developer knows, whether the grid-connection will cause high costs and environmental impacts due to a long distance to the next connection point. Thus it is important to initiate a dialogue with the local electricity supplier as early as possible<ref>Earnest J. and Wizelius T. (2011) Wind power plants and project develoment, PHI Learning private limited, New Delhi</ref>.
-[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|Go to Top]]
+[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|►Go to Top]]
 === Road Access to the Wind Project Site ===
@@ Line 43: / Line 44: @@
 For the construction process, the site must have enough space to place at least one big and heavy crane. Usually the construction of big wind turbines is done by one very big main crane and a smaller 'assistant' crane. Besides space, construction machinery and vehicles need a high ground consistency for their operation<ref>European Wind Energy Association (1999) European best practice guidelines for wind energy development, retrieved 7.7.2011 [[http://ec.europa.eu/energy/res/sectors/doc/wind_energy/best_practice.pdf]]</ref>.
-[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|Go to Top]]
+[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|►Go to Top]]
 === Soil Conditions ===
@@ Line 49: / Line 50: @@
 The type of basement for the wind turbines depends on the soil conditions at each specific site. As different basement types need different construction periods and cause different costs, information about soil conditions have to be collected in advance. The following feasibility study will include a professional survey for the soil conditions but at this early stage the local administration maybe contacted for available information<ref>European Wind Energy Association (1999) European best practice guidelines for wind energy development, retrieved 7.7.2011 [[http://ec.europa.eu/energy/res/sectors/doc/wind_energy/best_practice.pdf]]</ref>.
-[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|Go to Top]]
+[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|►Go to Top]]
 === Infrastructure Adversely affected by Wind Turbines<br/> ===
@@ Line 57: / Line 58: @@
 For sites close to airports the local airport authority has to be consulted. This is especially important for military airports and possible restricted military areas<ref>European Wind Energy Association (1999) European best practice guidelines for wind energy development, retrieved 7.7.2011 [[http://ec.europa.eu/energy/res/sectors/doc/wind_energy/best_practice.pdf]]</ref>.
-[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|Go to Top]]
+[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|►Go to Top]]
 = Preliminary Environmental Considerations<br/> =
@@ Line 67: / Line 68: @@
 *''Recreational use'': If the site is near to areas used for recreational purposes by the local population or local authorities plan to develop a recreational area nearby, public resistance against the development of a wind project is likely.<br/>
-[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|Go to Top]]
+[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|►Go to Top]]
 = Dialogue with Local Civic and Planning Authorities<br/> =
@@ Line 75: / Line 76: @@
 As the development of a wind project at this stage still has a speculative character, a broad public announcement and distribution of project information should be avoided to keep concerns of the local population about the change of landscape and environmental impacts low<ref>European Wind Energy Association (1999) Best Practice Guidelines for Wind Energy Development, retrieved 8.7.2011 [[http://ec.europa.eu/energy/res/sectors/doc/wind_energy/best_practice.pdf]]</ref>.
-[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|Go to Top]]
+[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|►Go to Top]]
 = Further Information =
@@ Line 85: / Line 87: @@
 *[[Site Selection Wind|Site Selection Wind]]<br/>
-[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|Go to Top]]
+[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|►Go to Top]]
 = References =

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 = Overview =
@@ Line 20: / Line 21: @@
 In case data availability is very limited (for instance only from remote weather stations), wind velocity modelling including meteorological data and site characteristics can be used<ref>Burton T. et al. (2001) Wind Energy Handbook, John Wiley+Sons</ref>.<br/>
-<br/>
+[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|Go to Top]]
 = Financial Considerations =
@@ Line 26: / Line 27: @@
 For the estimation of the financial possibilities, the amount of equity for the project is crucial. Thus the project developer has to consider potential investors or co-investors to determine the possible size of the project roughly. An idea of the rough site of the project in turn is fundamental for the selection of a site.<br/>
-<br/>
+[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|Go to Top]]
 = Assessing Local Framework Conditions =
@@ Line 34: / Line 35: @@
 If the wind project is supposed to be connected to the grid, it will be necessary to examine the local availability of the electricity grid. Local electricity suppliers have to be consulted concerning possible connection points, local grid capacity and likely costs of connection in the area<ref>European Wind Energy Association (1999) European best practice guidelines for wind energy development, retrieved 7.7.2011 [[http://ec.europa.eu/energy/res/sectors/doc/wind_energy/best_practice.pdf]]</ref>. If only a short line to the next connection point has to be installed, costs of grid-connection will be low and the environmental impacts of this easiest case are small. In some areas the line connects the wind project directly with the next transformer station. In case the grid-capacity at the transformer-station is not sufficient for the connection of the wind project, the station has to be extended with an additional segment. Very big projects contain a separat transformer station required for the connection of the project to high-voltage grids<ref>Gasch R. and Twele J. (2010) Windkraftanlagen - Grundlagen, Entwurf, Planung und Betrieb, Vieweg und Teubner</ref>. Taking into account this information the project developer knows, whether the grid-connection will cause high costs and environmental impacts due to a long distance to the next connection point. Thus it is important to initiate a dialogue with the local electricity supplier as early as possible<ref>Earnest J. and Wizelius T. (2011) Wind power plants and project develoment, PHI Learning private limited, New Delhi</ref>.
-<br/>
+[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|Go to Top]]
 === Road Access to the Wind Project Site ===
 Parts of industrial size wind turbines like Rotor blades or tower elements are transported by large trucks, which require appropriate roads. Routes between the site and the potential component suppliers have to be checked: Average bridge heights of 4,2 meters can be problematic for the transportation of the tower elements with the largest diameter and for the rotor blades of the biggest modern wind turbines, because some of them have a maximal width of 5,8 m. To avoid the closing of roads, rotor blades are normally transported in an position keeping the width of the whole transport vehicle low. Because of the high width of modern rotor blades a technique has been developed to turn the position of the blade in front of a bridge before the passage. Tight curves, often found in mountainous regions, can be a barrier for the long transport trucks, too<ref>Burton, T. et al (2001) Wind Energy Handbook, Wiley+Sons</ref>.
 For the construction process, the site must have enough space to place at least one big and heavy crane. Usually the construction of big wind turbines is done by one very big main crane and a smaller 'assistant' crane. Besides space, construction machinery and vehicles need a high ground consistency for their operation<ref>European Wind Energy Association (1999) European best practice guidelines for wind energy development, retrieved 7.7.2011 [[http://ec.europa.eu/energy/res/sectors/doc/wind_energy/best_practice.pdf]]</ref>.
-<br/>
+[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|Go to Top]]
 === Soil Conditions ===
@@ Line 48: / Line 49: @@
 The type of basement for the wind turbines depends on the soil conditions at each specific site. As different basement types need different construction periods and cause different costs, information about soil conditions have to be collected in advance. The following feasibility study will include a professional survey for the soil conditions but at this early stage the local administration maybe contacted for available information<ref>European Wind Energy Association (1999) European best practice guidelines for wind energy development, retrieved 7.7.2011 [[http://ec.europa.eu/energy/res/sectors/doc/wind_energy/best_practice.pdf]]</ref>.
-<br/>
+[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|Go to Top]]
 === Infrastructure Adversely affected by Wind Turbines<br/> ===
@@ Line 56: / Line 57: @@
 For sites close to airports the local airport authority has to be consulted. This is especially important for military airports and possible restricted military areas<ref>European Wind Energy Association (1999) European best practice guidelines for wind energy development, retrieved 7.7.2011 [[http://ec.europa.eu/energy/res/sectors/doc/wind_energy/best_practice.pdf]]</ref>.
-<br/>
+[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|Go to Top]]
 = Preliminary Environmental Considerations<br/> =
@@ Line 66: / Line 67: @@
 *''Recreational use'': If the site is near to areas used for recreational purposes by the local population or local authorities plan to develop a recreational area nearby, public resistance against the development of a wind project is likely.<br/>
-<br/>
+[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|Go to Top]]
 = Dialogue with Local Civic and Planning Authorities<br/> =
@@ Line 74: / Line 75: @@
 As the development of a wind project at this stage still has a speculative character, a broad public announcement and distribution of project information should be avoided to keep concerns of the local population about the change of landscape and environmental impacts low<ref>European Wind Energy Association (1999) Best Practice Guidelines for Wind Energy Development, retrieved 8.7.2011 [[http://ec.europa.eu/energy/res/sectors/doc/wind_energy/best_practice.pdf]]</ref>.
-<br/>
+[[Wind Projects - Initial Site Selection#Overview|Go to Top]]
@@ Line 80: / Line 81: @@
 *[[Portal:Wind|Wind Portal on energypedia]]
-*[[Wind_Projects_-_Site_Selection_-_Rules_of_Thumb|Site Selection - Rules of Thumb]]<br/>
+*[[Wind Projects - Site Selection - Rules of Thumb|Site Selection - Rules of Thumb]]<br/>
-*[[Land_Acquisition_-_Wind_Energy|Land Acquisition - Wind Energy]]<br/>
+*[[Land Acquisition - Wind Energy|Land Acquisition - Wind Energy]]<br/>
-*[[Site_Selection_Wind|Site Selection Wind]]<br/>
+*[[Site Selection Wind|Site Selection Wind]]<br/>
 = References =