Wind Energy - Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) - Revision history

Wiki Gardener at 14:01, 22 September 2014

2014-09-22T14:01:50Z

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Ranisha at 12:48, 29 August 2014

2014-08-29T12:48:36Z

Ranisha at 15:11, 12 August 2014

2014-08-12T15:11:15Z

Wiki Gardener at 14:30, 12 June 2014

2014-06-12T14:30:17Z

Wiki Gardener at 14:29, 12 June 2014

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Katharina Wiedemann at 15:08, 16 May 2012

2012-05-16T15:08:13Z

Katharina Wiedemann: moved Environmental Impact Assessment - Wind Energy to Wind Energy - Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

2012-05-16T14:42:38Z

moved Environmental Impact Assessment - Wind Energy to Wind Energy - Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Katharina Wiedemann at 14:41, 16 May 2012

2012-05-16T14:41:14Z

Katharina Wiedemann at 14:36, 16 May 2012

2012-05-16T14:36:24Z

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AnkeMaria at 06:50, 27 July 2011

2011-07-27T06:50:20Z

@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 <br/><ref>GTZ 2009: Regional Regulatory Action Plan for the Western Cape – November 2009. Section 4: Process Map. Commissioned by the Western Cape Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning and the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ), p. 11 and GTZ 2009: Development of Implementation Strategies for a Regional Regulatory Action Plan (RRAP) for the Western Cape. http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2009-en-regional-regulatory-action-plan-western-cape.pdf, fckLREnvironmental Impact Assessment pp. 26</ref>
-[[Wind Energy - Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)#Overview|►Go to Top]]<br/>
+[[Wind_Energy_-_Environmental_Impact_Assessment_(EIA)#toc|►Go to Top]]<br/>
 = Basic Assessment Processes<br/> =
@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
 <br/>The above examples are not exhaustive and there are certainly other activities in the government notices which developers should consider to determine whether an EIA is required. In consideration of activities requiring EIAs developers should also note that it is not only the project itself that may require an EIA but also any upgrades that may be required to infrastructure, or associated infrastructure.<ref>id. pp. 8</ref>
-[[Wind Energy - Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)#Overview|►Go to Top]]
+[[Wind_Energy_-_Environmental_Impact_Assessment_(EIA)#toc|►Go to Top]]
 = Scoping / Environmental Impact Report Processes<br/> =
@@ Line 50: / Line 50: @@
 The above examples are not exhaustive and there are certainly other activities in the government notices which developers should consider to determine whether an EIA is required.<br/>What is clear is that any renewable energy generation facility greater than 10 MW will require basic assessment and those greater than 20 MW will require a full scoping report and EIR. Many projects under 10 MW will also require at least a basic assessment due to other activities associated with their construction or operation.
-[[Wind Energy - Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)#Overview|►Go to Top]]
+[[Wind_Energy_-_Environmental_Impact_Assessment_(EIA)#toc|►Go to Top]]
 = Description of Key EIA Steps<br/> =
@@ Line 94: / Line 94: @@
 |}
-<ref>GTZ 2009: Regional Regulatory Action Plan for the Western Cape – November 2009. Section 4: Process Map. Commissioned by the Western Cape Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning and the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ), p. 12</ref> [[Wind Energy - Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)#Overview|►Go to Top]]
+<ref>GTZ 2009: Regional Regulatory Action Plan for the Western Cape – November 2009. Section 4: Process Map. Commissioned by the Western Cape Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning and the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ), p. 12</ref> [[Wind_Energy_-_Environmental_Impact_Assessment_(EIA)#toc|►Go to Top]]
 = Examples<br/> =
@@ Line 125: / Line 125: @@
 The area of the proposed wind park is used as farmland and is not declared as a natural reserve. On December 28, 1998, the Lichuan Municipality Environmental Bureau conducted an appraisal with the result that no negative impact on the local ecology and environment can be expected from the proposed wind park.<br/>Considering the very sparse population in the wind park area, there will be no noteworthy annoyance caused by the operation (noise emission, disco effect etc.) of the wind park. According to the Chinese point of view, the future wind park could be an interesting sightseeing spot and could attract tourists.<br/>The duration of the construction phase, including the preparation of the infrastructure, is estimated at 12 months. During this period, intensive traffic of heavy trucks and construction machines has to be expected along with dust and noise emission. Some of the<br/>hills will be covered by gravel roads that branch off from the existing main road within the proposed wind park. These branch roads together with the assembling areas at each wind turbine site will occupy 1.4 to 1.5 % of the entire wind park site. Thus the loss<br/>of pasture land will be very low.<ref>GTZ 2002: Feasibility Study of a 19.2 MW Wind Park at Qiyueshan, Lichuan County, Hubei Province, PR China, p. 18</ref>
-[[Wind Energy - Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)#Overview|►Go to Top]]
+[[Wind_Energy_-_Environmental_Impact_Assessment_(EIA)#toc|►Go to Top]]
 = Further Information =
-*[[Portal:Wind|Wind Portal on energypedia]]
+*[[Feasibility Study - Wind Energy|Feasibility Study - Wind Energy]]<br/>
 <br/>
@@ Line 138: / Line 137: @@
 <references />
 [[Category:Wind]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 = Overview<br/> =
 An '''environmental impact assessment (EIA)''' is an assessment of the possible impact—positive or negative—that a proposed project may have on the environment, considering natural, social and economic aspects. The purpose of the assessment is to ensure that decision makers consider the ensuing environmental impacts to decide whether to proceed with the project.
 = Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Triggers<br/> =
@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 <br/><ref>GTZ 2009: Regional Regulatory Action Plan for the Western Cape – November 2009. Section 4: Process Map. Commissioned by the Western Cape Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning and the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ), p. 11 and GTZ 2009: Development of Implementation Strategies for a Regional Regulatory Action Plan (RRAP) for the Western Cape. http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2009-en-regional-regulatory-action-plan-western-cape.pdf, fckLREnvironmental Impact Assessment pp. 26</ref>
-<br/>
+[[Wind Energy - Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)#Overview|►Go to Top]]<br/>
 = Basic Assessment Processes<br/> =
 There are a number of potential project activities arising from a renewable energy project that could are included in the basic assessment listed activities. <u>These include the following activites:</u><br/>The construction of facilities or infrastructure, including associated structures or infrastructure, for:
 *The generation of electricity where the electricity output is more than 10 MW but less than 20 MW
 *The transmission and distribution of electricity above ground with a capacity of more than 33 kilovolts and less than 120 kilovolts
@@ Line 31: / Line 33: @@
 <br/>The above examples are not exhaustive and there are certainly other activities in the government notices which developers should consider to determine whether an EIA is required. In consideration of activities requiring EIAs developers should also note that it is not only the project itself that may require an EIA but also any upgrades that may be required to infrastructure, or associated infrastructure.<ref>id. pp. 8</ref>
-<br/>
+[[Wind Energy - Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)#Overview|►Go to Top]]
 = Scoping / Environmental Impact Report Processes<br/> =
@@ Line 48: / Line 50: @@
 The above examples are not exhaustive and there are certainly other activities in the government notices which developers should consider to determine whether an EIA is required.<br/>What is clear is that any renewable energy generation facility greater than 10 MW will require basic assessment and those greater than 20 MW will require a full scoping report and EIR. Many projects under 10 MW will also require at least a basic assessment due to other activities associated with their construction or operation.
-<br/>
+[[Wind Energy - Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)#Overview|►Go to Top]]
 = Description of Key EIA Steps<br/> =
@@ Line 82: / Line 84: @@
 | bgcolor="#cccccc" style="width: 20%" | Environmental Impact<br/>Assessment<br/><br/>
 | style="width: 34%" | Full EIA is prepared in accordance with the Scoping Report. The EIA lays out:<br/>1. Possible impacts of the activity/ies<br/>2. Actions that can be taken to lessen these
-| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;  vertical-align: middle;  width: 34%" | The competent authority has 60 days tolook at both these reports<br/>
+| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; width: 34%" | The competent authority has 60 days tolook at both these reports<br/>
 |-
 | bgcolor="#cccccc" style="width: 20%" | Environmental<br/>Management Plan (EMP)<br/><br/>
@@ Line 92: / Line 94: @@
 |}
-<ref>GTZ 2009: Regional Regulatory Action Plan for the Western Cape – November 2009. Section 4: Process Map. Commissioned by the Western Cape Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning and the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ), p. 12</ref>
+<ref>GTZ 2009: Regional Regulatory Action Plan for the Western Cape – November 2009. Section 4: Process Map. Commissioned by the Western Cape Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning and the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ), p. 12</ref> [[Wind Energy - Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)#Overview|►Go to Top]]
 = Examples<br/> =
@@ Line 123: / Line 125: @@
 The area of the proposed wind park is used as farmland and is not declared as a natural reserve. On December 28, 1998, the Lichuan Municipality Environmental Bureau conducted an appraisal with the result that no negative impact on the local ecology and environment can be expected from the proposed wind park.<br/>Considering the very sparse population in the wind park area, there will be no noteworthy annoyance caused by the operation (noise emission, disco effect etc.) of the wind park. According to the Chinese point of view, the future wind park could be an interesting sightseeing spot and could attract tourists.<br/>The duration of the construction phase, including the preparation of the infrastructure, is estimated at 12 months. During this period, intensive traffic of heavy trucks and construction machines has to be expected along with dust and noise emission. Some of the<br/>hills will be covered by gravel roads that branch off from the existing main road within the proposed wind park. These branch roads together with the assembling areas at each wind turbine site will occupy 1.4 to 1.5 % of the entire wind park site. Thus the loss<br/>of pasture land will be very low.<ref>GTZ 2002: Feasibility Study of a 19.2 MW Wind Park at Qiyueshan, Lichuan County, Hubei Province, PR China, p. 18</ref>
-<br/>
+[[Wind Energy - Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)#Overview|►Go to Top]]
 = Further Information =
 *[[Portal:Wind|Wind Portal on energypedia]]
 <br/>
@@ Line 135: / Line 138: @@
 <references />
 [[Category:China]]

@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
 <br/>
-== Scoping / Environmental Impact Report Processes<br/> ==
+= Scoping / Environmental Impact Report Processes<br/> =
 Some activities need a thorough assessment process. These are activities that due to their nature and/or extent are likely to have significant impacts that cannot easily be predicted:
@@ Line 40: / Line 40: @@
 *the generation of electricity where:
-- the electricity output is 20 MW or more; or<br/> - the elements of the facility cover a combined area in excess of one hectare
+- the electricity output is 20 MW or more; or<br/>- the elements of the facility cover a combined area in excess of one hectare
 *the extraction or processing of natural gas including gas from landfill sites
 *the transmission and distribution of above ground electricity with a capacity of 120 kilovolts or more
@@ Line 82: / Line 82: @@
 | bgcolor="#cccccc" style="width: 20%" | Environmental Impact<br/>Assessment<br/><br/>
 | style="width: 34%" | Full EIA is prepared in accordance with the Scoping Report. The EIA lays out:<br/>1. Possible impacts of the activity/ies<br/>2. Actions that can be taken to lessen these
-| style="text-align: center;  vertical-align: middle;  width: 34%" rowspan="2" | The competent authority has 60 days tolook at both these reports<br/>
+| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;  vertical-align: middle;  width: 34%" | The competent authority has 60 days tolook at both these reports<br/>
 |-
 | bgcolor="#cccccc" style="width: 20%" | Environmental<br/>Management Plan (EMP)<br/><br/>
@@ Line 94: / Line 94: @@
 <ref>GTZ 2009: Regional Regulatory Action Plan for the Western Cape – November 2009. Section 4: Process Map. Commissioned by the Western Cape Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning and the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ), p. 12</ref>
-== Examples<br/> ==
+= Examples<br/> =
 '''Results of EIA for sites near Walvis Bay and Lüderitz Namibia:''' In the course of the study the possible dangers of a wind park to flora and fauna as well as effects due to noise and shadow flicker on nearby human settlements has been looked at.<br/>Initially, the sites selected included 2 areas. Based on a site visit and the data evaluation, 2 more areas were investigated. According to the data available it could be concluded that environmental problems can be minimised and are acceptable. All<br/>considered sites are several kilometres away from any human settlements, so that noise emissions would not be problematic. The effect of shadow flicker will be calculated, however no problems are expected.<br/>As far as the wildlife is concerned, there is a possible danger through wind parks to migratory and resident birds in certain areas as identified in a study undertaken by the Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET). Therefore, only those 3 of the 4 sites which<br/>are situated outside the danger areas were further investigated.<ref>GIZ 2000: Wind Energy Projects in Morocco and Namibia. n.l.</ref>
@@ Line 135: / Line 135: @@
 <references />
 [[Category:Wind]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 == Introduction<br/> ==
-'''[[Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)|Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)]] Triggers: '''A simple schematic of the EIA process is shown in the diagram below. From the diagram it can be seen that there are effectively two types of EIA – one in which the project requires only a ‘basic assessment’ for consideration by the competent authority; and the other more comprehensive process in which the project proponent first prepares a scoping report, outlining the required scope<br/>of environmental analysis, for consideration by the competent authority. After the authority is satisfied with the scoping report the project proponent then proceeds to the full environmental impact report.
+An '''environmental impact assessment (EIA)''' is an assessment of the possible impact—positive or negative—that a proposed project may have on the environment, considering natural, social and economic aspects. The purpose of the assessment is to ensure that decision makers consider the ensuing environmental impacts to decide whether to proceed with the project.
 <br/>[[File:Schematic EIA process Wind.JPG|frame|center|787x494px|Figure: Schematic EIA process]]
 <br/><ref>GTZ 2009: Regional Regulatory Action Plan for the Western Cape – November 2009. Section 4: Process Map. Commissioned by the Western Cape Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning and the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ), p. 11 and GTZ 2009: Development of Implementation Strategies for a Regional Regulatory Action Plan (RRAP) for the Western Cape. http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2009-en-regional-regulatory-action-plan-western-cape.pdf, fckLREnvironmental Impact Assessment pp. 26</ref>
 == Basic Assessment Processes<br/> ==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 == Introduction<br/> ==
-'''[[Environmental_Impact_Assessment_(EIA)|Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)]] Triggers: '''A simple schematic of the EIA process is shown in the diagram below. From the diagram it can be seen that there are effectively two types of EIA – one in which the project requires only a ‘basic assessment’ for consideration by the competent authority; and the other more comprehensive process in which the project proponent first prepares a scoping report, outlining the required scope<br/>of environmental analysis, for consideration by the competent authority. After the authority is satisfied with the scoping report the project proponent then proceeds to the full environmental impact report.
+'''[[Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)|Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)]] Triggers: '''A simple schematic of the EIA process is shown in the diagram below. From the diagram it can be seen that there are effectively two types of EIA – one in which the project requires only a ‘basic assessment’ for consideration by the competent authority; and the other more comprehensive process in which the project proponent first prepares a scoping report, outlining the required scope<br/>of environmental analysis, for consideration by the competent authority. After the authority is satisfied with the scoping report the project proponent then proceeds to the full environmental impact report.
 <br/>[[File:Schematic EIA process Wind.JPG|frame|center|787x494px|Figure: Schematic EIA process]]
@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
-The construction of masts of any material or type and of any height, including those used for telecommunication broadcasting and radio transmission, but excluding –<br/>(a) masts of 15 metres and lower exclusively used<br/>(i) by radio amateurs; or<br/>(ii) for lighting purposes<br/>(b) flag poles; and<br/>c) lightning conductor poles<br/>The above examples are not exhaustive and there are certainly other activities in the government notices which developers should consider to determine whether an EIA is required. In consideration of activities requiring EIAs developers should also note that it is not only the project itself that may require an EIA but also any upgrades that may be required to infrastructure, or associated infrastructure.<ref>id. pp. 8</ref>
+The construction of masts of any material or type and of any height, including those used for telecommunication broadcasting and radio transmission, but excluding – masts of 15 metres and lower exclusively used by radio amateurs; or for lighting purposes flag poles; and lightning conductor poles.
@@ Line 31: / Line 33: @@
 *the generation of electricity where:
-o the electricity output is 20 MW or more; or<br/>o the elements of the facility cover a combined area in excess of one hectare
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -&nbsp; the electricity output is 20 MW or more; or<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -&nbsp; the elements of the facility cover a combined area in excess of one hectare
 *the extraction or processing of natural gas including gas from landfill sites
@@ Line 59: / Line 61: @@
 |-
 | width="20%" bgcolor="#cccccc" |
-Basic Assessment<br/>
+Basic Assessment
 | width="34%" | The basic assessment must include:<br/>1. Activity information<br/>2. Description of receiving environment<br/>3. Public Participation process<br/>4. Impact assessment
@@ Line 67: / Line 69: @@
 |-
 | width="20%" bgcolor="#cccccc" |
-Scoping<br/>
+Scoping
 | width="34%" | The Scoping Report covers the main environmental impacts, the depth of analysis needed & the terms of reference for the full assessment. This stage applies to projects which may have impacts that cannot be predicted.
@@ Line 86: / Line 88: @@
 <ref>GTZ 2009: Regional Regulatory Action Plan for the Western Cape – November 2009. Section 4: Process Map. Commissioned by the Western Cape Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning and the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ), p. 12</ref>
-= Examples<br/> =
+== Examples<br/> ==
 '''Results of EIA for sites near Walvis Bay and Lüderitz Namibia:''' In the course of the study the possible dangers of a wind park to flora and fauna as well as effects due to noise and shadow flicker on nearby human settlements has been looked at.<br/>Initially, the sites selected included 2 areas. Based on a site visit and the data evaluation, 2 more areas were investigated. According to the data available it could be concluded that environmental problems can be minimised and are acceptable. All<br/>considered sites are several kilometres away from any human settlements, so that noise emissions would not be problematic. The effect of shadow flicker will be calculated, however no problems are expected.<br/>As far as the wildlife is concerned, there is a possible danger through wind parks to migratory and resident birds in certain areas as identified in a study undertaken by the Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET). Therefore, only those 3 of the 4 sites which<br/>are situated outside the danger areas were further investigated.<ref>GIZ 2000: Wind Energy Projects in Morocco and Namibia. n.l.</ref>
@@ Line 127: / Line 129: @@
 [[Category:China]]
 [[Category:Ethiopia]]
 [[Category:Wind]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-== Introduction  ==
+== Introduction - EIA triggers <br>  ==
 A simple schematic of the EIA process is shown in the diagram below. From the diagram it can be seen that there are effectively two types of EIA – one in which the project requires only a ‘basic assessment’ for consideration by the competent authority; and the other more comprehensive process in which the project proponent first prepares a scoping report, outlining the required scope<br>of environmental analysis, for consideration by the competent authority. After the authority is satisfied with the scoping report the project proponent then proceeds to the full environmental impact report.<br> [[Image:Schematic EIA process Wind.JPG|frame|center|787x494px|Figure: Schematic EIA process]]
 <br><ref>GTZ 2009: Regional Regulatory Action Plan for the Western Cape – November 2009. Section 4: Process Map. Commissioned by the Western Cape Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning and the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ), p. 11 and GTZ 2009: Development of Implementation Strategies for a Regional Regulatory Action Plan (RRAP) for the Western Cape. http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2009-en-regional-regulatory-action-plan-western-cape.pdf, fckLREnvironmental Impact Assessment pp. 26</ref><br>
 == Basic assessment processes<br>  ==
@@ Line 42: / Line 40: @@
 The following table is taken from the "Regional Regulatory Action Plan for the Western Cape" commissioned by the Western Cape Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning and the GIZ:
-{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" border="1" width="100%"
+{| width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" border="1"
 |-
-| bgcolor="#cccccc" width="20%" | '''Steps'''<br>
+| width="20%" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Steps'''<br>
-| bgcolor="#cccccc" width="45%" | '''Description'''<br>
+| width="45%" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Description'''<br>
-| bgcolor="#cccccc" width="34%" | '''Time frame (example Western Cape, RSA)'''<br>
+| width="34%" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Time frame (example Western Cape, RSA)'''<br>
 |-
-| bgcolor="#cccccc" width="20%" |
+| width="20%" bgcolor="#cccccc" |
 Intent to apply <br>
@@ Line 54: / Line 52: @@
 | width="34%" | Developer to submit 14 days before first application form submitted<br>
 |-
-| bgcolor="#cccccc" width="20%" |
+| width="20%" bgcolor="#cccccc" |
 Basic Assessment <br><br>
@@ Line 62: / Line 60: @@
 |-
-| bgcolor="#cccccc" width="20%" |
+| width="20%" bgcolor="#cccccc" |
 Scoping <br><br>
@@ Line 68: / Line 66: @@
 | width="34%" | The competent authority has 30 days to<br>either accept, reject or request amendment<br>to Scoping Report
 |-
-| bgcolor="#cccccc" width="20%" | Environmental Impact<br>Assessment<br><br>
+| width="20%" bgcolor="#cccccc" | Environmental Impact<br>Assessment<br><br>
 | width="34%" | Full EIA is prepared in accordance with the Scoping Report. The EIA lays out:<br>1. Possible impacts of the activity/ies<br>2. Actions that can be taken to lessen these
-| align="center" width="34%" valign="middle" rowspan="2" | The competent authority has 60 days tolook at both these reports<br>
+| width="34%" valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2" | The competent authority has 60 days tolook at both these reports<br>
 |-
-| bgcolor="#cccccc" width="20%" | Environmental<br>Management Plan (EMP)<br><br>
+| width="20%" bgcolor="#cccccc" | Environmental<br>Management Plan (EMP)<br><br>
 | width="34%" | The EIA has to include a full EMP for consideration by the competent authority. The EMP aims to highlight:<br>1. Unnecessary negative impacts of the project for prevention<br>2. Promotion of the positive impacts
 |-
-| bgcolor="#cccccc" width="20%" | Environmental<br>Authorisation / Record of<br>Decision (RoD)<br><br><br>
+| width="20%" bgcolor="#cccccc" | Environmental<br>Authorisation / Record of<br>Decision (RoD)<br><br><br>
 | width="34%" | The RoD includes:<br>1. Conditions for the authorisation<br>2. Ways in which the protection of human health and the environment can be ensured
 | width="34%" | The competent authority presents decision<br>on authorisation within 45 days (includes<br>conditions as well as relevant appeal<br>information)