SE4Jobs Toolbox - Participation - Revision history

Annika Hercegfi at 11:25, 22 November 2017

2017-11-22T11:25:22Z

Annika Hercegfi at 11:18, 22 November 2017

2017-11-22T11:18:25Z

Ranisha at 14:04, 19 November 2017

2017-11-19T14:04:14Z

Annika Hercegfi at 16:35, 17 November 2017

2017-11-17T16:35:59Z

Annika Hercegfi at 16:08, 17 November 2017

2017-11-17T16:08:05Z

Annika Hercegfi at 16:06, 17 November 2017

2017-11-17T16:06:28Z

Annika Hercegfi at 16:04, 17 November 2017

2017-11-17T16:04:12Z

Annika Hercegfi at 16:01, 17 November 2017

2017-11-17T16:01:44Z

Annika Hercegfi at 10:22, 17 November 2017

2017-11-17T10:22:56Z

Annika Hercegfi at 10:21, 17 November 2017

2017-11-17T10:21:22Z

@@ Line 86: / Line 86: @@
 <span style="color:#336699">''Both advisory councils are led by the Ministry of Energy (SENER) and are tasked with monitoring and evaluating progress toward implementing the country’s energy policy. However, there are significant differences in how their membership is composed. The Advisory Council for the Development of Renewable Energy comprises a wide range of representatives from government, industry and civil society.''</span>
-'''<span style="color:#336699">''[Table: Membership of government ministries, agencies, industry and civil society representatives in the Advisory Council for the Development of Renewable Energy]''</span>'''
+'''<span style="color:#336699">''Table: Membership of government ministries, agencies, industry and civil society representatives in Mexico's Advisory Council for the Development of Renewable Energy''</span>'''
-'''<span style="color:#336699">''[INSERT TABLE - Source: Own depiction.]''</span>'''
+[[File:Mexico's ACDRE.png|center|470px|alt=Mexico's ACDRE.png]]
 <span style="color:#336699">''By contrast, the Advisory Council on the Sustainable Use of Energy is largely a scientific advisory body, which is composed of six independent scientific experts in the field of EE who are also members of the Mexican “National System of Researchers” (Sistema Nacional de Investigadores).''</span>
@@ Line 106: / Line 106: @@
 <span style="color:#336699"><span style="color:#336699">''South Africa’s central energy planning document, the Integrated Resource Plan was developed with the active participation of civil society stakeholders in two rounds. In a first round of participation, registered stakeholders received the first draft published by the DoE in early 2010 for comments in order to discuss the parameters underlying the modelling scenarios. This commenting period was complemented by a workshop for stakeholders. This revised version led to the energy expansion plan covering the 2010-2030 timeframe. The second round of participation was designed similarly: stakeholders received the draft of the revised IRP and modelling results, and the DoE hosted a series of stakeholder workshops on the draft IRP<ref>See Ntokozo Sigwebela's "Integrated Resource Plan for Electricity" (2013): http://www.irena.org/DocumentDownloads/events/2013/October/IRP%20SOUTH%20AFRICA%20Ntokozo%2020130927.pdf</ref>. The IRP – particularly with regards to RE – changed significantly between the first DoE draft and the adjusted final version: the envisioned capacity from renewable energy in 2030 was increased significantly (from 11.4 to 17.8 GW) while the assumed total power demand in 2030 was lowered<ref>See South Africa's Integrated Resource Plan for Electricity (2013): http://www.doe-irp.co.za/content/IRP2010_updatea.pdf</ref>. The public participation in the IRP process is another example of good practice for being an integral part of the regular further development of the plan. The shift towards a greater role for RE illustrated in the figure below is a clear indicator for the power of public participation in the case of South Africa.''</span></span>
-'''<span style="color:#336699"><span style="color:#336699">''[INSERT FIGURE: Comparison of the initial Revised Balanced Scenario and the Policy-Adjusted IRP after public consultation,''</span>''Source''</span>''''''<span style="color:#336699">'':''</span><span style="color:#336699">''&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">South Africa's "Integrated Resource Plan for Electricity: 2010-2030" (2011):</span>''</span><span style="color:#336699"</span>''<span class="reference-text">[http://www.energy.gov.za/IRP/irp files/IRP2010_2030_Final_Report_20110325.pdf http://www.energy.gov.za/IRP/irp files/IRP2010_2030_Final_Report_20110325.pdf]</span><span style="color:#336699">]</span>'''''
+'''<span style="color:#336699"><span style="color:#336699"></span></span>''<span style="color:#336699"><span style="color:#336699"></span></span>''''''''<span style="color:#336699">'':''</span><span style="color:#336699">''&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">South Africa's "Integrated Resource Plan for Electricity: 2010-2030" (2011):</span>''</span>&lt;span style="color:#336699"</span&gt;''<span class="reference-text">[http://www.energy.gov.za/IRP/irp files/IRP2010_2030_Final_Report_20110325.pdf http://www.energy.gov.za/IRP/irp files/IRP2010_2030_Final_Report_20110325.pdf]</span><span style="color:#336699">]</span>'''''
 '''Avoiding stalemates and policy capture'''

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 == <span style="color:#000080">'''SE4Jobs Toolbox''' <span style="color:#000080"><span class="st">– </span>Laying the foundations for a sustainable development</span></span><br/> ==
-{{SE4ALL Toolbox}}
+{{SE4ALL Toolbox}}<br/>{{template:Tabs-5
 |SE4Jobs Toolbox|Overview
 |SE4Jobs Toolbox - Assessment|Assessment
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 <span style="color:#336699"><span style="color:#336699">'''''Brazil: Public participation in the National Plan on Climate Change and in energy planning and policy-making'''''</span></span>
-<span style="color:#336699"><span style="color:#336699">''The National Plan on Climate Change prescribes that civil society be involved in its review via public consultation forums, such as the National Conference on the Environment or the Brazilian Climate Change Forum. Similarly in the field of energy planning, public consultations with civil society and businesses in the energy sector are used to adapt the National Energy Plan and the Ten-Year Expansion Plans and improve the accuracy of their predictions '''(Ministry of Mines and Energy, 2013, p. 8)'''. Public consultations are also used for policy development: the 2001 Energy Efficiency Law established the public participation of civil society in consultations and hearings regarding the setting and revision of minimum energy efficiency standards, i.e. the maximum consumption of the respective equipment and machinery. Brazil can be seen as an example of good practice for providing channels for public participation in a wide range of energy-related matters.''</span></span>
+<span style="color:#336699"><span style="color:#336699">''The National Plan on Climate Change prescribes that civil society be involved in its review via public consultation forums, such as the National Conference on the Environment or the Brazilian Climate Change Forum. Similarly in the field of energy planning, public consultations with civil society and businesses in the energy sector are used to adapt the National Energy Plan and the Ten-Year Expansion Plans and improve the accuracy of their predictions<ref>See Brazil's 10-Year Energy Expansion Plan: http://www.mme.gov.br/documents/10584/1143612/11+-+BRAZIL+-+2024+Energy+Expansion+Investment+Opportunities+%28PDF%29/9b26423b-5e0d-4376-af6a-04c4ff93ac59;jsessionid=9D1260A88804A8E3F70C354119C14E70.srv155</ref>. Public consultations are also used for policy development: the 2001 Energy Efficiency Law established the public participation of civil society in consultations and hearings regarding the setting and revision of minimum energy efficiency standards, i.e. the maximum consumption of the respective equipment and machinery. Brazil can be seen as an example of good practice for providing channels for public participation in a wide range of energy-related matters.''</span></span>
 <span style="color:#336699"><span style="color:#336699">'''''Public participation in the development of the South African Integrated Resource Plan'''''</span></span>
-<span style="color:#336699"><span style="color:#336699">''South Africa’s central energy planning document, the Integrated Resource Plan was developed with the active participation of civil society stakeholders in two rounds. In a first round of participation, registered stakeholders received the first draft published by the DoE in early 2010 for comments in order to discuss the parameters underlying the modelling scenarios. This commenting period was complemented by a workshop for stakeholders. This revised version led to the energy expansion plan covering the 2010-2030 timeframe. The second round of participation was designed similarly: stakeholders received the draft of the revised IRP and modelling results, and the DoE hosted a series of stakeholder workshops on the draft IRP '''(Sigwebela, 2013)'''. The IRP – particularly with regards to RE – changed significantly between the first DoE draft and the adjusted final version: the envisioned capacity from renewable energy in 2030 was increased significantly (from 11.4 to 17.8 GW) while the assumed total power demand in 2030 was lowered '''(Government of South Africa, 2013)'''. The public participation in the IRP process is another example of good practice for being an integral part of the regular further development of the plan. The shift towards a greater role for RE illustrated in the figure below is a clear indicator for the power of public participation in the case of South Africa.''</span></span>
+<span style="color:#336699"><span style="color:#336699">''South Africa’s central energy planning document, the Integrated Resource Plan was developed with the active participation of civil society stakeholders in two rounds. In a first round of participation, registered stakeholders received the first draft published by the DoE in early 2010 for comments in order to discuss the parameters underlying the modelling scenarios. This commenting period was complemented by a workshop for stakeholders. This revised version led to the energy expansion plan covering the 2010-2030 timeframe. The second round of participation was designed similarly: stakeholders received the draft of the revised IRP and modelling results, and the DoE hosted a series of stakeholder workshops on the draft IRP<ref>See Ntokozo Sigwebela's "Integrated Resource Plan for Electricity" (2013): http://www.irena.org/DocumentDownloads/events/2013/October/IRP%20SOUTH%20AFRICA%20Ntokozo%2020130927.pdf</ref>. The IRP – particularly with regards to RE – changed significantly between the first DoE draft and the adjusted final version: the envisioned capacity from renewable energy in 2030 was increased significantly (from 11.4 to 17.8 GW) while the assumed total power demand in 2030 was lowered<ref>See South Africa's Integrated Resource Plan for Electricity (2013): http://www.doe-irp.co.za/content/IRP2010_updatea.pdf</ref>. The public participation in the IRP process is another example of good practice for being an integral part of the regular further development of the plan. The shift towards a greater role for RE illustrated in the figure below is a clear indicator for the power of public participation in the case of South Africa.''</span></span>
-'''<span style="color:#336699"><span style="color:#336699">''[INSERT GRAPH]<br/>[Figure: Comparison of the initial Revised Balanced Scenario and the Policy-Adjusted IRP after public consultation,''</span>''Source: Government of South Africa, 2011]''</span>'''
+'''<span style="color:#336699"><span style="color:#336699">''[INSERT FIGURE: Comparison of the initial Revised Balanced Scenario and the Policy-Adjusted IRP after public consultation,''</span>''Source''</span>''''''<span style="color:#336699">'':''</span><span style="color:#336699">''&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">South Africa's "Integrated Resource Plan for Electricity: 2010-2030" (2011):</span>''</span><span style="color:#336699"</span>''<span class="reference-text">[http://www.energy.gov.za/IRP/irp files/IRP2010_2030_Final_Report_20110325.pdf http://www.energy.gov.za/IRP/irp files/IRP2010_2030_Final_Report_20110325.pdf]</span><span style="color:#336699">]</span>'''''
 '''Avoiding stalemates and policy capture'''
@@ Line 114: / Line 114: @@
 <span style="color:#336699">'''''South Africa: Integration of stakeholders in the implementation of the Energy Efficiency Strategy'''''</span>
-''<span style="color:#336699">The South African EE Strategy integrates stakeholders, particularly from the business community, in the development of the implementation plan on EE in different sectors and also involves them in the implementation process afterwards. This cooperation with non-government stakeholders acknowledges the importance of the latter for streamlining EE measures in their sectors and their potential to act as multipliers (e.g. in the case of business organisations advocating EE measures to their members). It further aims to reduce opposition to the strategy goals and to encourage participation in its implementation. The South African EE Strategy distinguishes between primary and secondary stakeholders.</span><span style="color:#336699"><ref>The strategy defines the two groups as follows: “Primary stakeholders may be broadly defined as those whose main functionality deals directly with the associated focus area. Secondary stakeholders may be described as those whose responsibilities partly overlap with a particular focus area, or where their involvement would be of an ad-hoc nature.”</ref> Primary stakeholders also play significant roles in the development of the strategy, its implementation, the regulation of policies and the monitoring and verification of sectoral EE measures (Department of Minerals and Energy, 2005, p. 24)</span><span style="color:#336699">. Sectoral EE measures detail the implementation plan for the industry and mining sectors, and specify which governmental and non-governmental stakeholders are responsible for the implementation of measures in different areas. The figure below illustrates which stakeholders participate in the different areas of EE policy implementation. While South Africa’s EE strategy has had its implementation problems, the methodical approach it took to identify which civil society groups should be involved in the various aspects of EE policy and then integrate them into the implementation process should be seen as an example of good practice.</span>''
+''<span style="color:#336699">The South African EE Strategy integrates stakeholders, particularly from the business community, in the development of the implementation plan on EE in different sectors and also involves them in the implementation process afterwards. This cooperation with non-government stakeholders acknowledges the importance of the latter for streamlining EE measures in their sectors and their potential to act as multipliers (e.g. in the case of business organisations advocating EE measures to their members). It further aims to reduce opposition to the strategy goals and to encourage participation in its implementation. The South African EE Strategy distinguishes between primary and secondary stakeholders</span><span style="color:#336699"><ref>The strategy defines the two groups as follows: “Primary stakeholders may be broadly defined as those whose main functionality deals directly with the associated focus area. Secondary stakeholders may be described as those whose responsibilities partly overlap with a particular focus area, or where their involvement would be of an ad-hoc nature.”</ref>. Primary stakeholders also play significant roles in the development of the strategy, its implementation, the regulation of policies and the monitoring and verification of sectoral EE measures<ref>See "Energy Efficiency Strategy of the Republic of South Africa," p. 24 (2005): http://www.energy.gov.za/files/esources/electricity/ee_strategy_05.pdf</ref></span><span style="color:#336699">. Sectoral EE measures detail the implementation plan for the industry and mining sectors, and specify which governmental and non-governmental stakeholders are responsible for the implementation of measures in different areas. The figure below illustrates which stakeholders participate in the different areas of EE policy implementation. While South Africa’s EE strategy has had its implementation problems, the methodical approach it took to identify which civil society groups should be involved in the various aspects of EE policy and then integrate them into the implementation process should be seen as an example of good practice.</span>''
-''<span style="color:#336699">'''[Figure: Responsibilities of primary and secondary stakeholders under the South African Energy Efficiency Strategy. INSERT FIGURE. Source: Department of Minerals and Energy, 2005, p. 25, f.]'''</span>''
+''<span style="color:#336699">'''[INSERT FIGURE: Responsibilities of primary and secondary stakeholders under the South African Energy Efficiency Strategy. INSERT FIGURE. Source:'''</span>'''''<i><span style="color:#336699"><span class="reference-text">"Energy Efficiency Strategy of the Republic of South Africa," p. 25 (2005): [http://www.energy.gov.za/files/esources/electricity/ee_strategy_05.pdf http://www.energy.gov.za/files/esources/electricity/ee_strategy_05.pdf]</span>]</span></i>'''''<span style="color:#336699"></span>''
 <div></div></div>
 === Challenges in implementing the issue of participation <span style="line-height: 21px"><span class="mw-customtoggle-title6" style="font-size:small;  font-weight: bold;  display:inline-block;  float:center;  color: blue"><span class="mw-customtoggletext">'''[Expand]'''</span></span></span><br/> ===

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 == <span style="color:#000080">'''SE4Jobs Toolbox''' <span style="color:#000080"><span class="st">– </span>Laying the foundations for a sustainable development</span></span><br/> ==
-[[File:Grafik SE4JOBS Toolbox Web.jpg|center|600px|alt=Grafik SE4JOBS Toolbox Web.jpg]]
+{{SE4ALL Toolbox}}
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 <span style="color:#336699">''Both advisory councils are led by the Ministry of Energy (SENER) and are tasked with monitoring and evaluating progress toward implementing the country’s energy policy. However, there are significant differences in how their membership is composed. The Advisory Council for the Development of Renewable Energy comprises a wide range of representatives from government, industry and civil society.''</span>
-<span style="color:#336699">''Table: Membership of government ministries, agencies, industry and civil society representatives in the Advisory Council for the Development of Renewable Energy''</span>
+'''<span style="color:#336699">''[Table: Membership of government ministries, agencies, industry and civil society representatives in the Advisory Council for the Development of Renewable Energy]''</span>'''
-'''<span style="color:#336699">''[INSERT TABLE]''</span>'''
+'''<span style="color:#336699">''[INSERT TABLE - Source: Own depiction.]''</span>'''
 <span style="color:#336699">''By contrast, the Advisory Council on the Sustainable Use of Energy is largely a scientific advisory body, which is composed of six independent scientific experts in the field of EE who are also members of the Mexican “National System of Researchers” (Sistema Nacional de Investigadores).''</span>

@@ Line 110: / Line 110: @@
 '''<span style="color:#336699"><span style="color:#336699">''[INSERT GRAPH]<br/>[Figure: Comparison of the initial Revised Balanced Scenario and the Policy-Adjusted IRP after public consultation,''</span>''Source: Government of South Africa, 2011]''</span>'''
 '''Avoiding stalemates and policy capture'''
 Including opponents or sceptics of RE/EE in participation processes can play a key role in preventing or overcoming political stalemates. Such processes foster transparency regarding the anticipated impacts of a strategy and provide the opportunity to discuss the concerns that some stakeholders might legitimately have – e.g. regarding the trade-offs and opportunity costs of RE/EE, their technical challenges or crowding out effects. In this way stakeholders are more likely to develop ownership of (parts of a) strategy and to support its implementation. However, such consultation processes are generally not followed by a formal decision and therefore do not provide formal veto powers to any societal stakeholders. This means that any legitimacy for an argument in favour of or against RE/EE must arise from its validity. At the same time, provisions should be made so that well-organized and politically influential vested interests cannot ‘hijack’ the process, and simply impose their viewpoints on policy-makers. This can only be achieved through a substantial degree of representation and transparency, with clear criteria for access and participation, clear rules for proceedings and decisions, the systematic publication of both inputs and outputs, and the possibility to review and if necessary adjust all of these.
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-<br/>
+=== Good Practices<br/> ===
-=== <span style="color:#336699">Good Practices</span><br/> ===
+Brazil
-<span style="color:#336699">Brazil</span>
+China<br/>
-<span style="color:#336699">China</span><br/>
+India
-<span style="color:#336699">India</span>
+Mexico<br/>
-<span style="color:#336699">Mexico</span><br/>
+South Africa<br/>
-<span style="color:#336699">South Africa</span><br/>
+Turkey<br/>
 |}
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 '''<span style="color:#336699"><span style="color:#336699">''[INSERT GRAPH]<br/>[Figure: Comparison of the initial Revised Balanced Scenario and the Policy-Adjusted IRP after public consultation,''</span>''Source: Government of South Africa, 2011]''</span>'''
 </div>
-=== Challenges in implementing the issue of participation <span style="line-height: 21px"><span class="mw-customtoggle-title1" style="font-size:small;  font-weight: bold;  display:inline-block;  float:center;  color: blue"><span class="mw-customtoggletext">'''[Expand]'''</span></span></span><br/> ===
+=== Challenges in implementing the issue of participation <span style="line-height: 21px"><span class="mw-customtoggle-title6" style="font-size:small;  font-weight: bold;  display:inline-block;  float:center;  color: blue"><span class="mw-customtoggletext">'''[Expand]'''</span></span></span><br/> ===
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 *'''Avoiding rent seeking and policy capture by special interests. '''<br/>The participation of, in particular, representatives of civil society and business organisations in policy-making processes opens such processes up to all kinds of inputs and pressures from special interests. Still, this might happen to an even greater degree if they were conducted ‘behind closed doors’. Therefore, the best antidote to rent seeking and policy capture by special interest groups is greater transparency (e.g. by using web platforms or holding hearings in public) and broad participation from a wide range of stakeholders.
 *'''Meaningful and broad participation. '''<br/>Another crucial question for the use of public participation is how it can be organized so that it has a meaningful impact. This means it should go beyond rubberstamping a proposal by the government that ‘cannot be changed’ or simply seeking ex-post legitimization through a pro forma engagement with non-governmental stakeholders – but also avoid blocks, stalemates and bottlenecks or the hijacking of the process by a minority of actors. The most promising approaches therefore appear to be those that assign stakeholders a clear role and voice early on the process, so that the outcome can be determined collectively, and those that combine clear rules of engagement with predefined milestones and feedback loops along the way. This final aspect allows for regular review of the state of discussions and for the government to clarify the way it intends to respond them.