Nigeria Energy Situation - Revision history

Joan Bishio: /* Further Information */

2024-08-28T08:40:22Z

Further Information

Lisafeldmann at 13:54, 10 July 2024

2024-07-10T13:54:34Z

Lisafeldmann at 13:45, 10 July 2024

2024-07-10T13:45:31Z

Lisafeldmann at 13:29, 10 July 2024

2024-07-10T13:29:56Z

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Lisafeldmann at 13:17, 10 July 2024

2024-07-10T13:17:32Z

Ranisha: /* Ongoing Off-grid Energy Programs */

2021-08-03T10:32:11Z

Ongoing Off-grid Energy Programs

Ranisha: /* Further Information */

2021-08-02T09:56:37Z

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Ranisha: /* Further Information */

2020-06-08T15:51:35Z

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Ranisha: /* Ongoing Off-grid Energy Programs */

2020-06-08T15:50:45Z

Ongoing Off-grid Energy Programs

Ranisha: /* Ongoing Off-grid Energy Programs */

2020-06-08T14:39:55Z

Ongoing Off-grid Energy Programs

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 *Energy Platform of Nigeria: [http://www.energyplatformnigeria.com/index.php/library/2015-05-20-09-14-56 Renewable energy on/off-grid] (policies, regulations and studies)
 *Potenial of electrification planning: [http://rrep-nigeria.integration.org/ Illustration of technically optimized rural electrification scenarios for the following five states in Nigeria (Cross River, Niger, Ogun, Plateau and Sokoto)]<span class="scenario"></span>
 *A [http://mgf-nigeria.integration.org/ map that visualizes data of the current status of electrification (with a focus on off-grid areas) in the five NESP partner states: Cross River, Niger, Ogun, Plateau and Sokoto]. The website provides prospective project developers and investors with market intelligence regarding the potentials for off-grid electrification (i.e. mini-grids and stand-alone systems).<br/>

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 <br/>Figure 2: Energy supply by source in 2011 (in&nbsp;%)<ref name="IEA, 2013: http://www.iea.org/statistics/topics/Electricity/">IEA, 2013: http://www.iea.org/statistics/topics/Electricity/</ref><br/>[[File:Energy supply by source in 2011.png|border|left|600px|alt=Energy supply by source in 2011.png]]
 <div style="clear:both"></div>
-Biomass is the dominant energy source in Nigeria due to the huge reliance on the energy source for cooking and heating purposes by majority of the Nigerian people. According to the global initiative on accessible, clean and efficient energy - Sustainable Energy For All (SE4ALL), little progress has been made with regards to providing access to non-solid cooking fuels since 1990. As visible in the figure below, in 2010, only 26% of the population had access to non-solid cooking fuels with a big difference between urban and rural areas<ref name="Sustainable Energy For All, 2013, Global Tracking Framework, p. 267">Sustainable Energy For All, 2013, Global Tracking Framework, p. 267</ref>.<br/>
+Biomass is the dominant energy source in Nigeria due to the huge reliance on the energy source for cooking and heating purposes by majority of the Nigerian people. In 2021, over 83 % of Nigerians lacked access to clean cooking technologies and fuels.<ref>World Health Organization (2024): [https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/air-pollution/household-air-pollution Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technologies for cooking.]
-<br/>Figure 3: Access cooking fuels in rural and urban areas in 2010 (in&nbsp;%)<ref name="Sustainable Energy For All, 2013, Global Tracking Framework, p. 267">Sustainable Energy For All, 2013, Global Tracking Framework, p. 267</ref><br/>[[File:Access cooking fuels in rural and urban areas in 2010 in percentages.jpg|border|left|600px|Access to cooking fuels in rural and urban areas in 2010 in percentages|alt=Access to cooking fuels in rural and urban areas in 2010 in percentages]]<br/>
+</ref> In rural areas, only 4.6 % of the population had access to clean cooking in 2021, compared to 32.8 % in urban areas.<ref name=":0" /> <div style="clear:both"></div>
 ''Energy Consumption''
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 == Cooking Energy ==
-Solid biomass is the primary fuel in two thirds of Nigerian households, mainly in rural areas. 51% of all households use a 3-stone fire, while 9% use self-built biomass stoves and 5% use manufactured biomass stoves. Charcoal accounts for 4-6% of the biomass used. The use of biomass fuel is particularly widespread in rural Nigeria, where it is used by over 85% of households, much of it outside the commercial fuel market. LPG is used by 35% of urban households, but only 5% of rural households use it as a primary fuel. Kerosene is used by 17 % of Nigerian households in 2019, most of them situated in urban areas. Electricity is the primary cooking solution for only 1% of Nigerian households.<ref>María Yetano Roche et. al., Towards clean cooking energy for all in Nigeria: Pathways and impacts. In: Energy Strategy Reviews, Volume 53, 2024. (<nowiki>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211467X24000737</nowiki>)</ref>
+Solid biomass is the primary fuel in two thirds of Nigerian households, mainly in rural areas. 51% of all households use a 3-stone fire, while 9% use self-built biomass stoves and 5% use manufactured biomass stoves. Charcoal accounts for 4-6% of the biomass used. The use of biomass fuel is particularly widespread in rural Nigeria, where it is used by over 85% of households, much of it outside the commercial fuel market. LPG is used by 35% of urban households, but only 5% of rural households use it as a primary fuel. Kerosene is used by 17 % of Nigerian households in 2019, most of them situated in urban areas. Electricity is the primary cooking solution for only 1% of Nigerian households.<ref name=":0">María Yetano Roche et. al., Towards clean cooking energy for all in Nigeria: Pathways and impacts. In: Energy Strategy Reviews, Volume 53, 2024. (<nowiki>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211467X24000737</nowiki>)</ref>
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 <br/>[[Nigeria Energy Situation#toc|► Go to top]]
-</div></div>
+</div>
 == Electricity ==

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 }}
-= Introduction<br/> =
+== Introduction ==
-Nigeria is a federal constitutional republic comprising thirty-six (36) states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja. Located in the West African sub-region, the country has a surface of nearly 1 million km<sup>2</sup> and a population of about 170 million people growing at an average of 2% annually. The economy, heavily dependent on the export of oil products, grows at an average of 6% annually. The country enjoys a tropical rainforest and savanna climate in the south and central belt respectively as well as an arid/semi-arid climate in the north. It is blessed &nbsp;with &nbsp;enormous natural resources; crude oil and natural gas, tin, iron ore, coal, limestone, lead, zinc, arable land, solar (particularly in the north), hydropower (incl. 277 small hydro identified sites with a cumulative potential of 3,500 MW) and wind (mainly in the north and along the coastal line).&nbsp;
+Nigeria is a federal constitutional republic comprising thirty-six (36) states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja. Located in the West African sub-region, the country has a surface of nearly 1 million km<sup>2</sup> and a population of over 223 million people. Between 2000 and 2014, Nigeria’s economy grew over 7% annually on average. From 2015-2022, growth rates decreased and GDP per capita flattened. In February 2024, inflation reached a high of more than 30%.<ref>https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/nigeria/overview</ref>
-<br/>
+The country enjoys a tropical rainforest and savanna climate in the south and central belt respectively as well as an arid/semi-arid climate in the north. It is blessed with enormous natural resources; crude oil and natural gas, tin, iron ore, coal, limestone, lead, zinc, arable land, solar (particularly in the north), hydropower (incl. 277 small hydro identified sites with a cumulative potential of 3,500 MW) and wind (mainly in the north and along the coastal line).&nbsp;
 Figure 1. Map of Nigeria<ref name="http://www.nigerianmuse.com/20100221082947zg/nigeria-watch/historical-compendium-of-rulers-of-states-in-nigeria">http://www.nigerianmuse.com/20100221082947zg/nigeria-watch/historical-compendium-of-rulers-of-states-in-nigeria</ref>

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 </div></div>
 [[Nigeria Energy Situation#toc|►Go to top]]
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 *'''Energizing Economics Initiatives (EEI)''': This program supports the rapid deployment of off-grid soutions in ecnomic clusters such as markets and agricultural industrial complexes.<br/>
 *'''Energizing Education Programme (EEP)''': It aims to develop off-grid Independent Power Plant (IPP) Projects for powering 37 Universities and 7 University Teaching Hospitals; provision of street lighting and the development and operation of Training Centers to train university students.<br/>
-*'''Nigeria Electrification Project (NEP)''': This program by REP is supported by the World Bank and the African Development Bank. It provides a pipeline of local investments and incentives requried to catalyze the off-grid market through Market Data, Grant Funding and Technical Assistance.<br/>
+*'''Nigeria Electrification Project (NEP)''': This program by REP is supported by the World Bank and the African Development Bank. It provides a pipeline of local investments and incentives requried to catalyze the off-grid market through Market Data, Grant Funding and Technical Assistance. Achievements until July 2021 includes <ref>Press Release: REA/NEP Bridging the Electrification Gap With Off Grid Solutions</ref>:<br/>
 *'''Rural Electrification Fund (REF)''': This provides funds for cost-effective expansion of electricity in un-electrified areas. The first round of call for proposals (REF Call 1) is ongoing and aims to support 12 mini-grid projects ranging between 30-100kW with a total installed capacity of 1016 kW. These planned mini-grids aim to electrify 5272 households. The Call also aims to support 14 Solar Home Systems projects with a installed capactiy of 245W and 20,000 units.<br/>
 *'''Nigerian Energy Support Programme (NESP)''': This program is supported by the German Government and the European Union and is implemented by GIZ. Under this program two schemes are rolled out to support the mini-grid market called: Mini-Grid acceleration scheme (MAS) and the Inter-connected Mini-Grid acceleration scheme (IMAS). MAS includes a non-site specific open tender to provide 21,000 electricity connection. IMAS includes both the mini-grid and grid interconnection element. It also supports the piloting of grid interconnection projects in 10 DisCo Regions to reach15,000 customers by Sep 2020.
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 &nbsp;<br/>

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 &nbsp;<br/>
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 *USAID Power Africa: [https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1860/Nigeria_-_November_2018_Country_Fact_Sheet.pdf Nigeria Factsheet]
 *[https://www.esi-africa.com/industry-sectors/renewable-energy/look-to-africa-the-mini-grid-market-is-competitive/ Look to Africa, the mini-grid market is competitive. May 2020]
 <br/>

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 &nbsp;<br/>
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 *[[Publication - Electrifying The Underserved: Collaborative Business Models for Developing Minigrids Under the Grid|Publication - Electrifying The Underserved: Collaborative Business Models for Developing Minigrids Under the Grid]]‎; Dec 2019
 *USAID Power Africa: [https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1860/Nigeria_-_November_2018_Country_Fact_Sheet.pdf Nigeria Factsheet]
 <br/>
 = References =
 <references /><br/>

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 = Ongoing Off-grid Energy Programs<br/> =
 The Rural Electrification Agency (REP) of Nigeria has been implementing the following programs<ref>Look to Africa, the mini-grid market is competitive. May 2020 https://www.esi-africa.com/industry-sectors/renewable-energy/look-to-africa-the-mini-grid-market-is-competitive/</ref>:<br/>
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 *'''Energizing Education Programme (EEP)''': It aims to develop off-grid Independent Power Plant (IPP) Projects for powering 37 Universities and 7 University Teaching Hospitals; provision of street lighting and the development and operation of Training Centers to train university students.<br/>
 *'''Nigeria Electrification Project (NEP)''': This program by REP is supported by the World Bank and the African Development Bank. It provides a pipeline of local investments and incentives requried to catalyze the off-grid market through Market Data, Grant Funding and Technical Assistance.<br/>
-*'''Rural Electrification Fund (REF)''': This provides funds for cost-effective expansion of electricity in un-electrified areas. The first round of call for proposals (REF Call 1) is ongoing and aims to support 12 mini-grid projects ranging between 30kW and 100kW with a total installed capacity of 1016 kW. These planned mini-grids aim to electrify 5272 households. The Call also aims to deliver 5528 connections and provide 20,000 SHS with a installed capactiy of 245W and will be deployed across Nigeria.<br/>
+*'''Rural Electrification Fund (REF)''': This provides funds for cost-effective expansion of electricity in un-electrified areas. The first round of call for proposals (REF Call 1) is ongoing and aims to support 12 mini-grid projects ranging between 30kW and 100kW with a total installed capacity of 1016 kW. These planned mini-grids aim to electrify 5272 households. The Call also aims to provide 20,000 SHS with a installed capactiy of 245W and will be deployed across Nigeria.<br/>
 *'''Nigerian Energy Support Programme (NESP)''': This program is supported by the German Government and the European Union and is implemented by GIZ. Under this program two schemes are rolled out to support the mini-grid market called: Mini-Grid acceleration scheme and the Inter-connected Mini-Grid acceleration scheme which aims to reach 21,000 and 15,000 customers respectively.<br/>