Impacts of PicoPV and Consumer Research - Revision history

Ranisha at 09:53, 1 August 2018

2018-08-01T09:53:47Z

Lisafeldmann at 12:15, 16 February 2016

2016-02-16T12:15:19Z

Show changes

Ranisha: /* Specific Country Experiences */

2015-09-29T14:07:11Z

Specific Country Experiences

Ranisha: /* Performance of Solar Lamps */

2015-09-29T14:05:07Z

Performance of Solar Lamps

Ranisha: /* Overview */

2015-09-29T14:04:00Z

Overview

Ranisha: /* Willingness to Pay (WTP) */

2015-09-29T14:02:27Z

Willingness to Pay (WTP)

Ranisha at 14:01, 29 September 2015

2015-09-29T14:01:02Z

Ranisha at 13:59, 29 September 2015

2015-09-29T13:59:33Z

Lisafeldmann: /* Tanzania (GIZ) */

2015-09-29T13:13:28Z

Tanzania (GIZ)

Lisafeldmann: /* Kenya (ITC) */

2015-09-29T13:12:32Z

Kenya (ITC)

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 = Overview<br/> =
@@ Line 313: / Line 314: @@
 <references /><br/>
 [[Category:India]]

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 <br/>
-{{Go to Top]}}
+{{Go to Top}}
 === Kenya (ITC)<br/> ===
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 <br/>
 {{Go to Top}}
 = Further Information =

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 In Ethiopia, broken switches and deeply discharged batteries were a frequent problem. Robustness has to be improved as well, because users often carry their systems around due to fear of theft.
-<br/>
+<br/>{{Go to Top}}
 {{Go to Top}}
 = General Experiences Field Tests<br/> =

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 = Overview<br/> =
-As experience with other renewable technologies show, lack of social acceptance and incongruity with cultural values and norms are common barriers during the implementation phase. Therefore, it is important to investigate in users needs and behavior patterns. Additionally, experience show, that laboratory test have to be complemented with field tests in order to test the solar lanterns under real-life conditions. Due to the fact, that many bad quality products exists, it is important to test selected products in a field test.<br/>
+As experience with other renewable technologies show, lack of social acceptance and incongruity with cultural values and norms are common barriers during the implementation phase. Therefore, it is important to investigate in users needs and behavior patterns. Additionally, experience shows that laboratory test have to be complemented with field tests in order to test the solar lanterns under real-life conditions. Due to the fact that many bad quality products exists, it is also important to test selected products in a field test.<br/>
 [[Energising Development (EnDev)|GIZ Energising Development]] has conducted various tests in different countries, such as [[Bangladesh Energy Situation|Bangladesh]], [[Bolivia Energy Situation|Bolivia]], [[Ethiopia Energy Situation|Ethiopia]], [[Mozambique Energy Situation|Mozambique]], [[Nicaragua Energy Situation|Nicaragua]], [[Peru Energy Situation|Peru]], [[Senegal Energy Situation|Senegal]] and [[Uganda Energy Situation|Uganda]]. Approaches of these tests differ, results and outlook are presented within this articles.<br/>
 = Performance of Solar Lamps =

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 <br/>
-{| align="center" border="1" style="height: 191px;  width: 100%"
+{| align="center" border="1" style="height: 191px; width: 100%"
 |-
-! style="text-align: center;  background: #f0f0f0" scope="col" | <br/>
+! style="text-align: center; background: #f0f0f0" scope="col" | <br/>
-! style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(240, 240, 240);  text-align: left" scope="col" |
+! style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(240, 240, 240); text-align: left" scope="col" |
 '''Kerosene'''<br/>
-! style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(240, 240, 240);  text-align: left" scope="col" |
+! style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(240, 240, 240); text-align: left" scope="col" |
 '''Candles'''<br/>
-! style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(240, 240, 240);  text-align: left" scope="col" |
+! style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(240, 240, 240); text-align: left" scope="col" |
 '''Batteries'''<br/>
@@ Line 129: / Line 129: @@
 <br/>
-{| align="center" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" style="width: 750px;  width: 100%"
+{| align="center" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" style="width: 750px; width: 100%"
 |-
-! style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);  width: 82px" scope="col" | <br/>
+! style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 82px" scope="col" | <br/>
-! style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);  text-align: left;  width: 132px" scope="col" | degree to wich conventional lighting is substituted by solar lamps<br/>
+! style="text-align: left; width: 238px; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);" scope="col" | degree to wich conventional lighting is substituted by solar lamps<br/>
-! style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);  text-align: left;  width: 278px" scope="col" | monthly expenses (running costs) for conventional lighting devices
+! style="text-align: left; width: 231px; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);" scope="col" | monthly expenses (running costs) for conventional lighting devices
-! style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);  text-align: left;  width: 258px" scope="col" | monthly duration of use of conventional lighting devices
+! style="text-align: left; width: 189px; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);" scope="col" | monthly duration of use of conventional lighting devices
 |-
 | style="width: 82px" | Bolivia
-| style="width: 132px" | 66% of test users completely abandoned<br/>the use of candles;<br/>59% reduced or completely abandoned<br/>the use of kerosene lamps;<br/>90% reduced or completely abandoned<br/>the use of batteries.<br/>
+| style="width: 238px;" | 66% of test users completely abandoned&nbsp;the use of candles;<br/>59% reduced or completely abandoned&nbsp;the use of kerosene lamps;<br/>90% reduced or completely abandoned&nbsp;the use of batteries.<br/>
-| style="width: 278px" | candles – US$ 2.3<br/>kerosene – US$ 3.2<br/>batteries – US$ 5.9<br/>total (hh average)13 – US$ 9
+| style="width: 231px;" | candles – US$ 2.3<br/>kerosene – US$ 3.2<br/>batteries – US$ 5.9<br/>total (hh average)13 – US$ 9
-| style="width: 258px" | hours of use of traditional lighting devices<br/>per month14:<br/>110 -120<br/>
+| style="width: 189px;" | hours of use of traditional lighting devices<br/>per month14:<br/>110 -120<br/>
 |-
 | style="width: 82px" | Nicaragua
-| style="width: 132px" | 93% of test users substituted traditional<br/>lighting devices (candles,<br/>kerosene lanterns) by 100%.
+| style="width: 238px;" | 93% of test users substituted traditional&nbsp;lighting devices (candles,<br/>kerosene lanterns) by 100%.
-| style="width: 278px" | candles - US$ 3.7<br/>US$ 4.8<br/>batteries for torches (linternas) – US$ 3.2<br/>batteries for lamps<br/>(lamperas) – US$ 1.6<br/>
+| style="width: 231px;" | candles - US$ 3.7<br/>US$ 4.8<br/>batteries for torches (linternas) – US$ 3.2<br/>batteries for lamps<br/>(lamperas) – US$ 1.6<br/>
-| style="width: 258px" | duration of use / month<br/>candles – 61h<br/>kerosene lamps – 92h<br/>battery torches (linternas) – 61 h<br/>battery lamps (lámparas) – 70h
+| style="width: 189px;" | duration of use / month<br/>candles – 61h<br/>kerosene lamps – 92h<br/>battery torches (linternas) – 61 h<br/>battery lamps (lámparas) – 70h
 |-
 | style="width: 82px" | Uganda (NACWOLA test users)<br/>
-| style="width: 132px" | 90% of test users completely replaced<br/>their formerly used lamps.
+| style="width: 238px;" | 90% of test users completely replaced&nbsp;their formerly used lamps.
-| style="width: 278px" | candles – US$ 4.7<br/>kerosene – US$ 8.2<br/>batteries for lanterns – US$3.7<br/>
+| style="width: 231px;" | candles – US$ 4.7<br/>kerosene – US$ 8.2<br/>batteries for lanterns – US$3.7<br/>
-| style="width: 258px" | candles – 57h<br/>kerosene lamps with glass cover – 114h<br/>kerosene lamps with single wick – 214h<br/>light bulb in socket – 102h<br/>battery lanterns – 94h<br/>battery torch – 62h
+| style="width: 189px;" | candles – 57h<br/>kerosene lamps with glass cover – 114h<br/>kerosene lamps with single wick – 214h<br/>light bulb in socket – 102h<br/>battery lanterns – 94h<br/>battery torch – 62h
 |}
 <br/>As part of the baseline analysis of the GIZ field surveys, households were asked to specify their monthly expenditures for conventional lighting devices, whereas the ex-pot survey assessed to which degree the PicoPV lamps had replaced the use of these traditional lighting devices. The finding across countries was that PicoPV lamps have a true potential to substitute conventional lighting sources to a large degree. The associated substantial savings (and poverty alleviation)potential through the use of PicoPV lamps is underpinned by both the GIZ field survey data on lighting costs and the respective Lighting Africa Market Research results from the large-scale household survey in part II of the research project (n=1000 for each country).
-<br/>
+<br/>{{Go to Top}}
 {{Go to Top}}
 = Specific Country Experiences<br/> =

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 <br/>
 === Tanzania (GIZ) ===
-From [http://www.giz.de/en/ GIZ] experiences in Tanzania, it has been observed that customers prefer to have a switch installed in the house rather than a portable system. Even if it provides only very basic services, there was a preference for small solar home systems at least if they are affordable. Furthermore, a disadvantage of portable systems has been that they can be stolen easily in comparison to a fixed system in the house. A crucial point has also been the recharging of solar lanterns. As they are usually placed outside and oriented to the sun in the morning and remain in the same position throughout the day, the full charging potential cannot be achieved.
+From GIZ experiences in Tanzania, it has been observed that customers prefer to have a switch installed in the house rather than a portable system. Even if it provides only very basic services, there was a preference for small solar home systems at least if they are affordable. Furthermore, a disadvantage of portable systems has been that they can be stolen easily in comparison to a fixed system in the house. A crucial point has also been the recharging of solar lanterns. As they are usually placed outside and oriented to the sun in the morning and remain in the same position throughout the day, the full charging potential cannot be achieved.
 <br/>
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 <br/>
-{| align="center" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" style="width: 300px;  width: 100%"
+{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" align="center" style="width: 300px;  width: 100%"
 |-
-! style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" scope="col" | Installment Size
+! scope="col" style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | Installment Size
-! style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" scope="col" | &nbsp;% Surveyed Expressing Preference
+! scope="col" style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | &nbsp;% Surveyed Expressing Preference
 |-
 | style="text-align: center" | Rs. 100 or less
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 <br/>
 === Ethiopia (GIZ) ===

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 <br/>
 === Kenya (ITC)<br/> ===
-<u>In a study conducted by ITC in Kenya in 1998 people in urbanand rural areas were asked for what purpose they would use solar lanterns:</u>
+<u>In a study conducted by ITC in Kenya in 1998 people in urban and rural areas were asked for what purpose they would use solar lanterns:</u>
 The main priority was given to (1) ambient lighting in households. This was followed by the desire for (2) studying and reading, using the light to (3) conducting housework during the dark hours and improving the (4)perceived security by having bright light in or in front of their houses. The least importance was given to (5) business. If only rural areas had been taken into account security would have had the lowest ranking<ref name="ITC, 1998">ITC, 1998</ref>.
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 {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" style="width: 600px;  width: 100%"
 |-
-! style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" scope="col" | Ranking of preferred features of solar lanterns, Kenya (ITC, 1998)<br/>
+! scope="col" style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | Ranking of preferred features of solar lanterns, Kenya (ITC, 1998)<br/>
 |-
+|
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 <br/>
 === India (Stanford University)<br/> ===