General Kitchen Management Practices - Revision history

Tom Schulze at 13:03, 30 April 2018

2018-04-30T13:03:46Z

Tom Schulze: Text replace - "link=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium

[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Cook

2018-04-30T12:18:37Z

Text replace - "left|831px|GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|alt=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png|link=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium<br/><br/>[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Cook

Luis Azuaje at 09:53, 27 July 2017

2017-07-27T09:53:47Z

Lisafeldmann at 15:17, 19 December 2016

2016-12-19T15:17:08Z

Show changes

Lisafeldmann: /* Shorten cooking times of certain foods */

2016-12-19T11:59:25Z

Shorten cooking times of certain foods

Kees: /* Kitchen Ventilation to Reduce Air Pollution Levels from Cookstove Smoke */

2016-10-31T12:05:47Z

Kitchen Ventilation to Reduce Air Pollution Levels from Cookstove Smoke

Lisafeldmann: /* Pressure Cookers */

2016-01-20T13:14:37Z

Pressure Cookers

Lisafeldmann at 15:05, 13 August 2015

2015-08-13T15:05:50Z

Lisafeldmann: /* Energy-Saving Cooking Equipment */

2015-08-13T15:05:08Z

Energy-Saving Cooking Equipment

Lisafeldmann: /* Further Information */

2015-08-13T15:03:57Z

Further Information

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← Older revision		Revision as of 12:18, 30 April 2018
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 [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|--> Back to Overview GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium]]
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 Often the impact of simple behavioural changes is overlooked, or is not known to the project staff or partner organisations. Since most of these practices do not require additional tools or devices, households can save energy at little or no cost.
-In addition, efficient cooking practices do not only take place in the kitchen itself, but already start with fuel management. Please read as well the chapter [[Cooking with Other Biomass Fuels (Dung, Residues, Alcohol, Gas)|other solid biomass fuels]].
+In addition, efficient cooking practices do not only take place in the kitchen itself, but already start with fuel management.
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 === Further Information<br/> ===

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 = Kitchen Ventilation to Reduce Air Pollution Levels from Cookstove Smoke<br/> =
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 *by the ventilation.
-With a 3-stone fire and no or bad ventilations, walls are often black from the floor to the roof, indicating that the kitchen used to be filled entirely with smoke. Not even [[Smoke Hoods|chimneys are]] necessarily the solution for smoke removal: the smoke leaves not out of chimney, but out of door and windows (<span style="color:#FF0000">LF: zwei sätze schwer verständlich</span>). Most chimney- stoves only function well with the pot the stove was designed for, not with a kettle without lip.<br/>If climate allows openings in the wall, simple ventilation slots at highest points of room can guide smoke out in extisting kitchens. Hence, cross-ventilation at the height of peoples nose are as well easily to install and a effective measure to lead smoke out of the kitchen. However, please remember, that ‘Clean’ cooking is not a result of the stove, but from the use of stove.
+With a 3-stone fire and no or bad ventilations, walls are often black from the floor to the roof, indicating that the kitchen used to be filled entirely with smoke. Not even [[Smoke Hoods|chimneys are]] necessarily the solution for smoke removal: the smoke leaves not out of chimney, but out of door and windows. Most chimney- stoves only function well with the pot the stove was designed for, not with a kettle without lip.<br/>If climate allows openings in the wall, simple ventilation slots at highest points of room can guide smoke out in extisting kitchens. Hence, cross-ventilation at the height of peoples nose are as well easily to install and a effective measure to lead smoke out of the kitchen. However, please remember, that ‘Clean’ cooking is not a result of the stove, but from the use of stove.<br/>
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 <br/><u>For more pictures and information, see presentation below:</u>
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 = Energy-Saving Cooking Equipment<br/> =

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 == Pressure Cookers<br/> ==
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 Pressure cookers are special cooking pots that can be sealed airtight and allow pressure to build up inside. A mechanical device (screws or interlocking parts) presses the pot-lid firmly against the pot-body. A gasket or seal in between the lid and the pot prevents steam to escape from the pot. With rising heat, the steam pressure inside the pot builds up beyond atmospheric pressure, allowing the temperatures to rise well above boiling point. This design enables to save time, energy, and resources. The temperature inside a pressure cooker can well go beyond 110° C, which reduces the time needed to cook food. In addition, very little steam escapes between the pot and the lid, thus requiring less water to cook the food.<ref name="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pressure_cooking&redirect=no#Science_of_pressure_cooking">http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pressure_cooking&redirect=no#Science_of_pressure_cooking</ref>
-So far, pressure cookers have often been overlooked as potential components of efficient integrated cooking systems. They are normally made from thick aluminium or stainless steel, which makes them heavier and more expensive than conventional pots. They might also be difficult to produce in many developing countries. Prices are seldom below 20 US$, top-of-the range products easily exceed 200 US$. In regions, where pressure cookers are not commonly used, the relatively high costs of purchase are an obstacle for their spread out. Pressure cookers are more popular in urban areas, where the fuel has to be paid for in cash, and in regions, where local food can easily be cooked with pressure cookers: especially in Asia (China and India).<br/>
+So far, pressure cookers have often been overlooked as potential components of efficient integrated cooking systems. They are normally made from thick aluminium or stainless steel, which makes them heavier and more expensive than conventional pots. They might also be difficult to produce in many developing countries. Prices are seldom below 20 US$, top-of-the range products easily exceed 200 US$. In regions, where pressure cookers are not commonly used, the relatively high costs of purchase are an obstacle for their spread out. Pressure cookers are more popular in urban areas, where the fuel has to be paid for in cash, and in regions, where local food can easily be cooked with pressure cookers: especially in Asia (China, Nepal, and India).<br/>
 Worldwide, different models of pressure cookers are offered on markets. In order to find the most appropriate model, different features have to be taken into consideration, such as price, size, main kind of stove applied (electric, gas, fire), durability, and maintenance. Additionally, the replacement of the seals is an important point to consider. The following pictures show examples of pressure cookers found during a market analysis in Tajikistan in 2010/2011.
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 == Heat Retainers: Keep cool, stay hot<br/> ==

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 [[File:GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png|left|831px|GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|alt=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png|link=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium]]<br/>[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Basics about Cooking Energy|Basics]] | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Policy Advice on Cooking Energy|Policy Advice]] | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Planning Improved Cook Stove .28ICS.29 Interventions|Planning]] | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Designing and Implementing Improved Cookstoves .28ICS.29 Supply Interventions|Designing and Implementing (ICS Supply)]]| '''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Cooking Energy Technologies and Practices|Technologies and Practices]]''' | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Designing and Implementing Woodfuel Supply Interventions|Designing and Implementing (Woodfuel Supply)]]| [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Climate Change Related Issues|Climate Change]]
 = Kitchen Management: General Cooking Energy-Saving Practices and Devices<br/> =
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 = Fuel-saving Cooking Practices<br/> =
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 = Kitchen Ventilation to Reduce Air Pollution Levels from Cookstove Smoke<br/> =
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-[[File:Improving kitchen ventilation Folie08.jpg|none|180pxpx|Improving kitchen ventilatio|alt=Improving kitchen ventilatio]]
+[[File:Improving kitchen ventilation Folie08.jpg|none|180px|Improving kitchen ventilatio|alt=Improving kitchen ventilatio]]
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 = Energy-Saving Cooking Equipment<br/> =
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-! scope="col" style="text-align: left" | Heat retention box<br/>
+! style="text-align: left" scope="col" | Heat retention box<br/>
-! scope="col" style="text-align: left" | Heat retention bag
+! style="text-align: left" scope="col" | Heat retention bag
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 | Easier to keep clean
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 === Further Information<br/> ===
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 = References<br/> =
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 [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|--> Back to Overview GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium]]
 [[Category:Cooking]]

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 == Heat Retainers: Keep cool, stay hot<br/> ==
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 Depending on the material used, heat retainers can be as well used for cooling.<br/>
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 === Thermos Flasks<br/> ===
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 Thermos flasks are an inexpensive way to maintain the heat of water, beverages or liquid foods like soup and porridge over time. In places, where food preparation is based on pouring hot water over food items such as in Tibet, thermos flasks save fuel and enhance cooking comfort. Alongside solar cookers, families own up to five thermos flasks and store the water heated by the solar cooker during the day. The hot water is used for preparing both morning and evening meals (mainly soup and porridge) enabling the solar cooker to satisfy almost all household energy needs. However, this represents a rather specific case, which may not be transferable to many other countries.<ref name="GTZ HERA (2007): Here Comes the Sun. Options for Using Solar Cookers in Developing Countries.">GTZ HERA (2007): Here Comes the Sun. Options for Using Solar Cookers in Developing Countries.</ref> Yet, thermos flasks are currently underutilized and could probably play a more important role. When promoting the use of thermos flasks, features concerning price, durability, cleaning, size and material (toxic) have to be also considered.
+<br/>
 === Fireless Cookers<br/> ===
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 Other names are: heat retention box, heat retention bag, heat retention cookers, hay box, hot bag, food warmer.
+<br/>
 ==== Principle of Fireless Cookers<br/> ====
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 Especially for food that do not require any stirring, e.g. (sweet) potatoes, meat, cassava or rice etc., fireless cookers are very suitable. Food can be kept warm for up to 6 hours, e.g. for people who return home late from the field or the market and want their children to find hot food when they come back home from school.
+<br/>
 ==== Advantages of Fireless Cookers<br/> ====
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 *Heat retention bags and boxes can be made with almost no costs or purchased for little money.<ref name="Heat retention cooking. http://solarcooking.wikia.com/wiki/Heat-retention_cooking">http://solarcooking.wikia.com/wiki/Heat-retention_cooking</ref><ref name="Including experiences made by Christa Roth in Malawi.">Including experiences made by Christa Roth in Malawi. </ref>
+<br/>
 ==== Disadvantages of Fireless Cookers ====
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 {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" style="width: 100%"
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-! style="text-align: left" scope="col" | Heat retention box<br/>
+! scope="col" style="text-align: left" | Heat retention box<br/>
-! style="text-align: left" scope="col" | Heat retention bag
+! scope="col" style="text-align: left" | Heat retention bag
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 | Easier to keep clean
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 *[http://images4.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20080715212719/solarcooking/images/c/c3/Retained-Heat-Cookers_FINAL_7.11.2007.pdf Guide to Designing Retained Heat Cookers] by Don O'Neil / HELPS International / PCIA (2007).
 *[[:File:Wendy Chandler en user manual hot bag 2011.pdf|Hot bag – Cooking with retained heat and recipes from South Africa.]] See also [http://www.afreca.org http://www.afreca.org]
-*[[:File:Report Performance Test of retained heat cooker (WonderBag) GIZ.pdf|Performance Test of WonderBag - A Pathway to Reduce Cooking Energy Consumption and CO2 Emission]] (2014).<br/> Different Bangladeshi foods were cooked with the WonderBag to assess potential fuel savings.
+*[[:File:Report Performance Test of retained heat cooker (WonderBag) GIZ.pdf|Performance Test of WonderBag - A Pathway to Reduce Cooking Energy Consumption and CO2 Emission]] (2014).<br/>Different Bangladeshi foods were cooked with the WonderBag to assess potential fuel savings.
 *[[:File:GIZ tjk ru catalogue HRB 2011.pdf|Marketing material for promoting heat retention bags in Tajikistan]] through a retailer cooperative (Russian).
 *[[:File:GIZ tjk ru recepies for HRB 2011.pdf|Cooking book for using the heat retention bag for traditional dishes in Tajikistan]] (Russian).
 *[[:File:GIZ tjk ru manual HRB 2011.pdf|Heat retention product explanation]] with guidance on cooking times for special dishes from Tajikistan (Russian).
-*[https://www.dropbox.com/s/qsa2i1e8j58yndz/make a fireless cooker.pdf?dl=0?dl=1 Make a Fireless Cooker.] By: Pan Africa Conservation Education. <br/>This step-by step instruction for building a fireless cooker is supplemented with background information on the cooker and its use. The [http://www.paceproject.net/ homepage] of PACE provides a number of other helpful documents on resource protection at grassroots level.
+*[https://www.dropbox.com/s/qsa2i1e8j58yndz/make a fireless cooker.pdf?dl=0?dl=1 Make a Fireless Cooker.] By: Pan Africa Conservation Education.<br/>This step-by step instruction for building a fireless cooker is supplemented with background information on the cooker and its use. The [http://www.paceproject.net/ homepage] of PACE provides a number of other helpful documents on resource protection at grassroots level.
 *[[:File:Probec the role of bec for hiv mitigation-2006.pdf|The role of biomass energy conservation for HIV mitigation.]] Presentation by Christa Roth /ProBEC (2006).
 *[http://www.hedon.info/docs/BP57_Okello.pdf Engaging communities in alleviating smoke –what the real experts tell you]. By Vincent Okello (2009).<br/>Experience from Kenya introducing the fireless cookers to women.<br/>
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 *[http://www.afreca.org/displayproducts.php?zTypeId=ptype121274948383844600 www.afreca.org]<br/>Commercial website selling heat retention bags.
 === References<br/> ===

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 | style="width: 377px" | Heat retention bag with trivet promoted in Tajikistan<br/>Picture: Friederike Müller<br/>
 |}
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 *[[:File:GTZ 4a FS fireless cooker 2010.pdf|Retained heat cooker: "Fireless cooker" or "Foodwarmer"]] by Christa Roth (2010).<br/>An illustrated step-by-step description from Malawi showing how to build a food warmer/fireless cooker using a basket, cloth and dried banana leaves. Two recipes for local dishes are included. It is a very helpful document.
-*[http://www.hedon.info/BP62_Heat+retention+box+Self-assembly+ How to make a Heat Retention Box]by Sjoerd Nienhuys, published in Boiling Point Issue 62 (2014) on Heat Retention Boxes for use in Himalayan regions.
+*[http://www.hedon.info/BP62_Heat+retention+box+Self-assembly+ How to make a Heat Retention Box] by Sjoerd Nienhuys, published in Boiling Point Issue 62 (2014) on Heat Retention Boxes for use in Himalayan regions.
 *[[:File:HIHK-EU 2011 en manual how to make a heat retention bag tjk pak.pdf|Construction manual of a heat retention bag]] – experience from Tajikistan and Pakistan (English). Technical Working Paper, Number 20a, 2011.
-*[http://images4.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20080715212719/solarcooking/images/c/c3/Retained-Heat-Cookers_FINAL_7.11.2007.pdf Guide to Designing Retained Heat Cookers]by Don O'Neil / HELPS International / PCIA (2007).
+*[http://images4.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20080715212719/solarcooking/images/c/c3/Retained-Heat-Cookers_FINAL_7.11.2007.pdf Guide to Designing Retained Heat Cookers] by Don O'Neil / HELPS International / PCIA (2007).
 *[[:File:Wendy Chandler en user manual hot bag 2011.pdf|Hot bag – Cooking with retained heat and recipes from South Africa.]] See also [http://www.afreca.org http://www.afreca.org]
-*[[:File:Report Performance Test of retained heat cooker (WonderBag) GIZ.pdf|Performance Test of WonderBag - A Pathway to Reduce Cooking Energy Consumption and CO2 Emission]] (2014). Different Bangladeshi foods were cooked with the WonderBag to assess potential fuel savings.
+*[[:File:Report Performance Test of retained heat cooker (WonderBag) GIZ.pdf|Performance Test of WonderBag - A Pathway to Reduce Cooking Energy Consumption and CO2 Emission]] (2014).<br/> Different Bangladeshi foods were cooked with the WonderBag to assess potential fuel savings.
 *[[:File:GIZ tjk ru catalogue HRB 2011.pdf|Marketing material for promoting heat retention bags in Tajikistan]] through a retailer cooperative (Russian).
 *[[:File:GIZ tjk ru recepies for HRB 2011.pdf|Cooking book for using the heat retention bag for traditional dishes in Tajikistan]] (Russian).
 *[[:File:GIZ tjk ru manual HRB 2011.pdf|Heat retention product explanation]] with guidance on cooking times for special dishes from Tajikistan (Russian).
-*[https://www.dropbox.com/s/qsa2i1e8j58yndz/make a fireless cooker.pdf?dl=0?dl=1 Make a Fireless Cooker.] By: Pan Africa Conservation Education. This step-by step instruction for building a fireless cooker is supplemented with background information on the cooker and its use. The [[Www.paceproject.net.|homepage]] of PACE provides a number of other helpful documents on resource protection at grassroots level.
+*[https://www.dropbox.com/s/qsa2i1e8j58yndz/make a fireless cooker.pdf?dl=0?dl=1 Make a Fireless Cooker.] By: Pan Africa Conservation Education. <br/>This step-by step instruction for building a fireless cooker is supplemented with background information on the cooker and its use. The [http://www.paceproject.net/ homepage] of PACE provides a number of other helpful documents on resource protection at grassroots level.
 *[[:File:Probec the role of bec for hiv mitigation-2006.pdf|The role of biomass energy conservation for HIV mitigation.]] Presentation by Christa Roth /ProBEC (2006).
 *[http://www.hedon.info/docs/BP57_Okello.pdf Engaging communities in alleviating smoke –what the real experts tell you]. By Vincent Okello (2009).<br/>Experience from Kenya introducing the fireless cookers to women.<br/>