Gender Mainstreaming - Framework - Revision history

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Ranisha at 17:52, 4 June 2020

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Ranisha: /* Harvard Analytical Framework */

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Harvard Analytical Framework

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Ranisha: /* Introduction */

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Introduction

Ranisha at 17:44, 4 June 2020

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Ranisha: /* Gender Assessment Framework Based on Triple Role and Needs of Women */

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Gender Assessment Framework Based on Triple Role and Needs of Women

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Ranisha: /* Strategic Gender Need (SGN) */

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Strategic Gender Need (SGN)

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= There are different frameworks for gender mainstreaming in projects such as Harvard Analytical Framework, Gen..."

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= Introduction =

There are different frameworks for [[Gender Mainstreaming in Energy - Need|gender mainstreaming]] in projects such as Harvard Analytical Framework, Gender Analysis Matrix and the Capabilities and Vulnerabilities Analysis<ref name="Berthaud et al., 2004">Berthaud, A., Delescluse, A., Deligiorgis, D., Kumar, K., Satoshi, S. M., Waafas, M., … Yee, S. M.fckLR(2004). Integrating gender in energy provision: Case study of Bangladesh. Retrieved fromfckLRhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/260121468742527534/pdf/30214.pdf</ref>.

= Gender Assessment Framework Based on Triple Role and Needs of Women =

This framework is based on the triple role of women and also on the needs of women.

== Triple Role of Women ==

Traditionally, the men are regarded as the “breadwinner” and the women as the “homemaker”. This is a very narrow definition as it fails to acknowledge the different roles and responsibilities of women<ref name="Moser, 1993">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.fckLRWorld Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved fromfckLRhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>. The triple role (figure 4) acknowledges the existing roles and responsibilities of the women so that the planned mini-grid can align with the exiting work and not create extra work for the women<ref name="Moser, 1993">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.fckLRWorld Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved fromfckLRhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>. The triple role of women is explained below: 

=== Reproductive Role ===

Women are the child bearers and are mostly responsible for nurturing and caring of the children. This caring role also extends to other family members such as the husband and the elderly members. The reproductive role is often seen as either “normal work” or not a “real work” and thus has a negative impact while talking about work and leisure time for women. For example, when men get back from work, they can rest as their work outside the house is justified as “real work”. Women, on the other hand, are involved in carrying out the domestic chores throughout the day but their work is not recognized as “real work”. Thus, they not only end up working longer but are often the last to get into bed after all the housework is done<ref name="Moser, 1993">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.fckLRWorld Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved fromfckLRhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>. Because of the high importance of the reproductive role, women are likely to choose flexible works that allow them to look after their family esp. children and elderly members. The reproductive role also restricts their mobility and are likely to look for work near their homes<ref name="Pueyo & Maestre, 2019">Pueyo, A., & Maestre, M. (2019). Linking energy access, gender and poverty: A review of the literaturefckLRon productive uses of energy. Energy Research and Social Science, 53, 170–181. Retrieved fromfckLRhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629618306145</ref>. 

=== Productive Role ===

In many developing countries, women are not only involved in household duties but are also the secondary breadwinner of the family. The productive role refers to all activities that are done in exchange for cash or in-kind support. The activities could be for subsistence/home production or for selling in the market<ref name="Moser, 1993">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.fckLRWorld Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved fromfckLRhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>. For example, women in developing countries are involved in subsistence farming to grow crops for their families. This saves them money that they would need for buying crops from the market. 

=== Community Management ===

This refers to all activities done by the women for the betterment of the community. It is mostly unpaid and is done on a volunteering basis. It is expected to be done in women’s “free time” (after her reproductive and productive activities). Men, on the other hand, are often involved in authoritative roles and get paid for their community work<ref name="Moser, 1993">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.fckLRWorld Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved fromfckLRhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>. For example, women’s groups are involved in forest management and water management on a volunteering basis. 

There are no clear demarcations between the different roles of the women and a gender mainstreaming activity can be a mix of all three roles. Nevertheless, the triple roles help to analyze the different roles of the women in the target community and to understand how the planned mini-grid can benefit the women in their different roles.

== Needs of Women ==

As mentioned above, men and women have different roles and responsibilities in society and thus have different interests or needs called gender needs. Gender needs of women depend on their position in society and are influenced by the socioeconomic, cultural and religious factors. They are broadly categorized into two needs<ref name="Moser, 1989">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.
World Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>: Practical Gender Needs and Strategic Gender Needs. 

=== Practical Gender Needs (PGN) ===

These refer to those needs that are required to meet any necessity identified by the women in a particular context. PGN are the result of the prevalent gender roles and do not challenge the existing gender norms in society<ref name="Moser, 1989">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.
World Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref><ref name="Khamati-Njenga & Clancy, 2003b">Khamati-Njenga, B., & Clancy, J. (2003b). Concepts and Issues in Gender and Energy. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254860437_Concepts_and_issues_in_gender_and_en
ergy</ref>. Examples of PGN are access to safe health care, sanitation, nutrition, safe drinking water and access to electricity<ref name="Olubukola, 2012">Olubukola, F. O. (2012). Participation of women in the csdp water project facilitated by the Kwara State
community and social development agency (kwcsda): A study of bada ajegunle community in
Ifelodun local government area of Kwara State, Nigeria. Retrieved from
https://edepot.wur.nl/298465</ref>.

=== Strategic Gender Need (SGN) ===

These are needs identified by the women due to their subordinate position in the household and vary from one society to another. Examples of SGN are ending gender-based violence, improving access over resources and better legal rights. Addressing SGN is important to empower women and uplift their status in society. Meeting SGN is also a long-term goal<ref name="Khamati-Njenga & Clancy, 2003b">Khamati-Njenga, B., & Clancy, J. (2003b). Concepts and Issues in Gender and Energy. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254860437_Concepts_and_issues_in_gender_and_en
ergy</ref><ref name="Moser, 1989">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.
World Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>

The gender needs help to understand how the mini-grid is benefiting the women i.e. is it meeting only the practical needs or is also uplifting the status of women in the society? The gender mainstreaming activities can be targeted to meet only one need or both the needs.

Table 1 shows the Gender Needs Assessment framework including the triple roles and the needs of women<ref name="Khamati-Njenga & Clancy, 2003b">Khamati-Njenga, B., & Clancy, J. (2003b). Concepts and Issues in Gender and Energy. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254860437_Concepts_and_issues_in_gender_and_en
ergy</ref><ref name="Moser, 1989">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.
World Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>. Different activities are analyzed using the framework to show their impact on women’s roles and needs. For example, organizing meetings at a time favorable to women acknowledges their triple different roles and helps them to contribute to the meeting. This helps them to meet their practical needs as well as empower them (SGN). Training women operators acknowledge their productive role and also meets their PGN and SGN. PGN could also be meet by providing access to electricity and SGN could be met by training women in societies where women are oppressed. Public lighting allows women to carry out all of their triple roles and they also make streets safer addressing SGN and lighting is a common PGN.

[[File:Gender Needs Assessment.png|thumb|left|500pxpx]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-= Introduction<br/> =
+= Introduction =
 There are different frameworks for [[Gender Mainstreaming in Energy - Need|gender mainstreaming]] in projects such as Gender Needs Assessment Framework, Harvard Analytical Framework, Gender Analysis Matrix and the Capabilities and Vulnerabilities Analysis<ref name="Berthaud et al., 2004">Berthaud, A., Delescluse, A., Deligiorgis, D., Kumar, K., Satoshi, S. M., Waafas, M., … Yee, S. M.(2004). Integrating gender in energy provision: Case study of Bangladesh. Retrieved from http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/260121468742527534/pdf/30214.pdf</ref>.
 = Gender Needs Assessment Framework  =
 The Gender Needs Assessment framework is based on the triple role of women and the gender needs of women.
-== Triple Role of Women<br/> ==
+== Triple Role of Women ==
-Traditionally, the men are regarded as the “breadwinner” and the women as the “homemaker”. This is a very narrow definition as it fails to acknowledge the different roles and responsibilities of women<ref name="Moser, 1993">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.World Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>. The triple role (figure below) acknowledges the existing roles and responsibilities of the women and provides guidelines so that the gender mainstreaming activities align with the existing work of women and not create extra work for them<ref name="Moser, 1993">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.World Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>. The triple role of women are: Reproductive role, Productive role and Community Management role.<br/>
+Traditionally, a man is regarded as the “breadwinner” and the woman as the “homemaker”. This is a very narrow definition as it fails to acknowledge the different roles and responsibilities of women<ref name="Moser, 1993">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.World Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>. The triple role concept proposed by Moser is based on the principle that women serve different roles and responsibilities which can roughly be grouped into three categories i.e reproductive role, productive role and community role. Thus, gender mainstreaming activities should acknowledge and in-cooperate these roles and not create extra work for women.<ref name="Moser, 1993">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.World Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>
-[[File:Triple role of women.png|thumb|left|500pxpx]]
+[[File:Triple role of women.png|700x700px|alt=|center]]
-=== Reproductive Role<br/> ===
+=== Reproductive Role ===
 Women are the child bearers and are mostly responsible for nurturing and caring of the children. The reproductive role also extends to care of other family members such as the husband and the elderly members. This role is often seen as either “normal work” or not a “real work” and thus has a negative impact while talking about work and leisure time for women.
@@ Line 27: / Line 25: @@
 This role refers to all activities done by the women for the betterment of the community. It is mostly unpaid and is done on a volunteering basis. It is expected to be done in women’s “free time” (after her reproductive and productive activities). Men, on the other hand, are often involved in authoritative community roles and get paid for their work<ref name="Moser, 1993">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.World Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>. For example, women’s groups are involved in forest management and water management often on a volunteering basis.<br/>
 There are no clear demarcations between the different roles of the women and a gender mainstreaming activity can be a mix of all three roles. Nevertheless, the triple roles help to analyze the different roles of the women in the target community and to understand how the planned RE system can benefit women in their different roles.
-== Gender Needs of Women<br/> ==
+== Gender Needs of Women ==
 As mentioned above, men and women have different roles and responsibilities in society and thus have different interests or needs called gender needs. Gender needs of women depend on their position in society and are influenced by the socioeconomic, cultural and religious factors. They are broadly categorized into two needs: Practical Gender Needs and Strategic Gender Needs<ref name="Moser, 1989">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.World Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>.
@@ Line 43: / Line 39: @@
 These are needs identified by the women due to their subordinate position in the society and vary from one society to another. Examples of SGN include: ending gender-based violence, improving access over resources and better legal rights. Addressing SGN is important to empower women and uplift their status in society. Meeting SGN is often a long-term goal<ref name="Khamati-Njenga & Clancy, 2003b">Khamati-Njenga, B., & Clancy, J. (2003b). Concepts and Issues in Gender and Energy. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254860437_Concepts_and_issues_in_gender_and_energy</ref><ref name="Moser, 1989">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.World Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>
 The gender needs help to understand how the RE system is benefiting women i.e. is it meeting only the practical needs or is also uplifting the status of women in the society? The planned gender mainstreaming activities can be targeted to meet only PGN or both PGN and SGN.
 Table 1 shows the Gender Needs Assessment framework including the triple roles and the needs of women<ref name="Khamati-Njenga & Clancy, 2003b">Khamati-Njenga, B., & Clancy, J. (2003b). Concepts and Issues in Gender and Energy. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254860437_Concepts_and_issues_in_gender_and_energy</ref><ref name="Moser, 1989">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.World Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>. Different activities are analyzed using the framework to show their impact on women’s roles and needs.
@@ Line 54: / Line 46: @@
 For example, organizing meetings at a time favorable to women acknowledges their triple roles and also encourge them to add their voices to the meeting. Thus it helps to meet the practical gender needs as well as empower them (SGN). Training women operators acknowledge their productive role and also meets their PGN and SGN. PGN could also be meet by providing access to electricity and SGN could be met by training women in societies where women are oppressed. Public lighting allows women to carry out all of their triple roles and they also make streets safer addressing SGN. Access to light is also a common PGN.
-[[File:Gender Needs Assessment.png|thumb|left|500px|alt=Gender Needs Assessment.png]]
+[[File:Gender_Needs_Assessment.png|alt=Gender Needs Assessment.png|700x700px]]
 =Harvard Analytical Framework=
 This framework is also called Gender Roles Framework or Gender Assessment Framework.
 = Further Information =

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 = Introduction<br/> =
-There are different frameworks for [[Gender Mainstreaming in Energy - Need|gender mainstreaming]] in projects such as Gender Needs Assessment Framework, Harvard Analytical Framework, Gender Analysis Matrix and the Capabilities and Vulnerabilities Analysis<ref name="Berthaud et al., 2004">Berthaud, A., Delescluse, A., Deligiorgis, D., Kumar, K., Satoshi, S. M., Waafas, M., … Yee, S. M.(2004). Integrating gender in energy provision: Case study of Bangladesh. Retrieved fromhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/260121468742527534/pdf/30214.pdf</ref>.
+There are different frameworks for [[Gender Mainstreaming in Energy - Need|gender mainstreaming]] in projects such as Gender Needs Assessment Framework, Harvard Analytical Framework, Gender Analysis Matrix and the Capabilities and Vulnerabilities Analysis<ref name="Berthaud et al., 2004">Berthaud, A., Delescluse, A., Deligiorgis, D., Kumar, K., Satoshi, S. M., Waafas, M., … Yee, S. M.(2004). Integrating gender in energy provision: Case study of Bangladesh. Retrieved from http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/260121468742527534/pdf/30214.pdf</ref>.
@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 == Triple Role of Women<br/> ==
-Traditionally, the men are regarded as the “breadwinner” and the women as the “homemaker”. This is a very narrow definition as it fails to acknowledge the different roles and responsibilities of women<ref name="Moser, 1993">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.World Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved fromhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>. The triple role (figure below) acknowledges the existing roles and responsibilities of the women and provides guidelines so that the gender mainstreaming activities align with the existing work of women and not create extra work for them<ref name="Moser, 1993">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.World Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved fromhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>. The triple role of women are: Reproductive role, Productive role and Community Management role.<br/>
+Traditionally, the men are regarded as the “breadwinner” and the women as the “homemaker”. This is a very narrow definition as it fails to acknowledge the different roles and responsibilities of women<ref name="Moser, 1993">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.World Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>. The triple role (figure below) acknowledges the existing roles and responsibilities of the women and provides guidelines so that the gender mainstreaming activities align with the existing work of women and not create extra work for them<ref name="Moser, 1993">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.World Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>. The triple role of women are: Reproductive role, Productive role and Community Management role.<br/>
 [[File:Triple role of women.png|thumb|left|500pxpx]]
@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 Women are the child bearers and are mostly responsible for nurturing and caring of the children. The reproductive role also extends to care of other family members such as the husband and the elderly members. This role is often seen as either “normal work” or not a “real work” and thus has a negative impact while talking about work and leisure time for women.
-For example, when men get back from work, they can rest as their work outside the home is justified as “real work”. Women, on the other hand, are involved in carrying out all the domestic chores throughout the day but their work is not recognized as “real work”. Thus, they not only end up working longer but are often the last to get into bed after all the housework is done<ref name="Moser, 1993">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.World Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved fromhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>. Because of the high importance of the reproductive role, women are likely to choose flexible works that allow them to look after their family esp. children and elderly members. The reproductive role also restricts their mobility and they are likely to look for work near their homes<ref name="Pueyo & Maestre, 2019">Pueyo, A., & Maestre, M. (2019). Linking energy access, gender and poverty: A review of the literatureon productive uses of energy. Energy Research and Social Science, 53, 170–181. Retrieved fromhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629618306145</ref>.<br/>
+For example, when men get back from work, they can rest as their work outside the home is justified as “real work”. Women, on the other hand, are involved in carrying out all the domestic chores throughout the day but their work is not recognized as “real work”. Thus, they not only end up working longer but are often the last to get into bed after all the housework is done<ref name="Moser, 1993">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.World Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>. Because of the high importance of the reproductive role, women are likely to choose flexible works that allow them to look after their family esp. children and elderly members. The reproductive role also restricts their mobility and they are likely to look for work near their homes<ref name="Pueyo & Maestre, 2019">Pueyo, A., & Maestre, M. (2019). Linking energy access, gender and poverty: A review of the literatureon productive uses of energy. Energy Research and Social Science, 53, 170–181. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629618306145</ref>.<br/>
 === Productive Role ===
-In many developing countries, women are not only involved in household duties but are also the secondary breadwinner of the family. The productive role refers to all activities that are done in exchange for cash or in-kind support. The activities could be for subsistence/home production or for selling in the market<ref name="Moser, 1993">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.World Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved fromhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>. For example, women are also involved in subsistence farming. This saves the need to buy crops for their homes and also save money.<br/>
+In many developing countries, women are not only involved in household duties but are also the secondary breadwinner of the family. The productive role refers to all activities that are done in exchange for cash or in-kind support. The activities could be for subsistence/home production or for selling in the market<ref name="Moser, 1993">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.World Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>. For example, women are also involved in subsistence farming. This saves the need to buy crops for their homes and also save money.<br/>
 === Community Management Role ===
-This role refers to all activities done by the women for the betterment of the community. It is mostly unpaid and is done on a volunteering basis. It is expected to be done in women’s “free time” (after her reproductive and productive activities). Men, on the other hand, are often involved in authoritative community roles and get paid for their work<ref name="Moser, 1993">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.World Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved fromhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>. For example, women’s groups are involved in forest management and water management often on a volunteering basis.<br/>
+This role refers to all activities done by the women for the betterment of the community. It is mostly unpaid and is done on a volunteering basis. It is expected to be done in women’s “free time” (after her reproductive and productive activities). Men, on the other hand, are often involved in authoritative community roles and get paid for their work<ref name="Moser, 1993">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.World Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>. For example, women’s groups are involved in forest management and water management often on a volunteering basis.<br/>
@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 == Gender Needs of Women<br/> ==
-As mentioned above, men and women have different roles and responsibilities in society and thus have different interests or needs called gender needs. Gender needs of women depend on their position in society and are influenced by the socioeconomic, cultural and religious factors. They are broadly categorized into two needs: Practical Gender Needs and Strategic Gender Needs<ref name="Moser, 1989">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.World Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved fromhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>.
+As mentioned above, men and women have different roles and responsibilities in society and thus have different interests or needs called gender needs. Gender needs of women depend on their position in society and are influenced by the socioeconomic, cultural and religious factors. They are broadly categorized into two needs: Practical Gender Needs and Strategic Gender Needs<ref name="Moser, 1989">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.World Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>.
 === Practical Gender Needs (PGN)<br/> ===
-These refer to those practical needs that are identified by women in a particular context. Examples include: access to safe health care, sanitation, nutrition, safe drinking water and access to electricity<ref name="Olubukola, 2012">Olubukola, F. O. (2012). Participation of women in the csdp water project facilitated by the Kwara Statecommunity and social development agency (kwcsda): A study of bada ajegunle community inIfelodun local government area of Kwara State, Nigeria. Retrieved fromhttps://edepot.wur.nl/298465</ref>. PGN are the result of the prevalent gender roles and meeting PGN do not challenge the existing gender norms in society<ref name="Moser, 1989">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.World Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved fromhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref><ref name="Khamati-Njenga & Clancy, 2003b">Khamati-Njenga, B., & Clancy, J. (2003b). Concepts and Issues in Gender and Energy. Retrieved fromhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/254860437_Concepts_and_issues_in_gender_and_energy</ref>. PGN can also be short-term goals.
+These refer to those practical needs that are identified by women in a particular context. Examples include: access to safe health care, sanitation, nutrition, safe drinking water and access to electricity<ref name="Olubukola, 2012">Olubukola, F. O. (2012). Participation of women in the csdp water project facilitated by the Kwara Statecommunity and social development agency (kwcsda): A study of bada ajegunle community inIfelodun local government area of Kwara State, Nigeria. Retrieved from https://edepot.wur.nl/298465</ref>. PGN are the result of the prevalent gender roles and meeting PGN do not challenge the existing gender norms in society<ref name="Moser, 1989">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.World Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref><ref name="Khamati-Njenga & Clancy, 2003b">Khamati-Njenga, B., & Clancy, J. (2003b). Concepts and Issues in Gender and Energy. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254860437_Concepts_and_issues_in_gender_and_energy</ref>. PGN can also be short-term goals.
 === Strategic Gender Need (SGN)<br/> ===
-These are needs identified by the women due to their subordinate position in the society and vary from one society to another. Examples of SGN include: ending gender-based violence, improving access over resources and better legal rights. Addressing SGN is important to empower women and uplift their status in society. Meeting SGN is often a long-term goal<ref name="Khamati-Njenga & Clancy, 2003b">Khamati-Njenga, B., & Clancy, J. (2003b). Concepts and Issues in Gender and Energy. Retrieved fromhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/254860437_Concepts_and_issues_in_gender_and_energy</ref><ref name="Moser, 1989">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.World Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved fromhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>
+These are needs identified by the women due to their subordinate position in the society and vary from one society to another. Examples of SGN include: ending gender-based violence, improving access over resources and better legal rights. Addressing SGN is important to empower women and uplift their status in society. Meeting SGN is often a long-term goal<ref name="Khamati-Njenga & Clancy, 2003b">Khamati-Njenga, B., & Clancy, J. (2003b). Concepts and Issues in Gender and Energy. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254860437_Concepts_and_issues_in_gender_and_energy</ref><ref name="Moser, 1989">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.World Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>
@@ Line 50: / Line 50: @@
-Table 1 shows the Gender Needs Assessment framework including the triple roles and the needs of women<ref name="Khamati-Njenga & Clancy, 2003b">Khamati-Njenga, B., & Clancy, J. (2003b). Concepts and Issues in Gender and Energy. Retrieved fromhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/254860437_Concepts_and_issues_in_gender_and_energy</ref><ref name="Moser, 1989">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.World Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved fromhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>. Different activities are analyzed using the framework to show their impact on women’s roles and needs.
+Table 1 shows the Gender Needs Assessment framework including the triple roles and the needs of women<ref name="Khamati-Njenga & Clancy, 2003b">Khamati-Njenga, B., & Clancy, J. (2003b). Concepts and Issues in Gender and Energy. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254860437_Concepts_and_issues_in_gender_and_energy</ref><ref name="Moser, 1989">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.World Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>. Different activities are analyzed using the framework to show their impact on women’s roles and needs.
 For example, organizing meetings at a time favorable to women acknowledges their triple roles and also encourge them to add their voices to the meeting. Thus it helps to meet the practical gender needs as well as empower them (SGN). Training women operators acknowledge their productive role and also meets their PGN and SGN. PGN could also be meet by providing access to electricity and SGN could be met by training women in societies where women are oppressed. Public lighting allows women to carry out all of their triple roles and they also make streets safer addressing SGN. Access to light is also a common PGN.

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:49, 4 June 2020
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	=Harvard Analytical Framework=		=Harvard Analytical Framework=
		+	This framework is also called Gender Roles Framework or Gender Assessment Framework.
		+

	= Further Information =		= Further Information =

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 = Introduction<br/> =
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 [[File:Gender Needs Assessment.png|thumb|left|500px|alt=Gender Needs Assessment.png]]
 = Further Information =

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:46, 4 June 2020
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		+
	= Introduction<br/> =		= Introduction<br/> =

−	There are different frameworks for [[Gender Mainstreaming in Energy - Need\|gender mainstreaming]] in projects such as Harvard Analytical Framework, Gender Analysis Matrix and the Capabilities and Vulnerabilities Analysis<ref name="Berthaud et al., 2004">Berthaud, A., Delescluse, A., Deligiorgis, D., Kumar, K., Satoshi, S. M., Waafas, M., … Yee, S. M.(2004). Integrating gender in energy provision: Case study of Bangladesh. Retrieved fromhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/260121468742527534/pdf/30214.pdf</ref>.	+	There are different frameworks for [[Gender Mainstreaming in Energy - Need\|gender mainstreaming]] in projects such as Gender Needs Assessment Framework, Harvard Analytical Framework, Gender Analysis Matrix and the Capabilities and Vulnerabilities Analysis<ref name="Berthaud et al., 2004">Berthaud, A., Delescluse, A., Deligiorgis, D., Kumar, K., Satoshi, S. M., Waafas, M., … Yee, S. M.(2004). Integrating gender in energy provision: Case study of Bangladesh. Retrieved fromhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/260121468742527534/pdf/30214.pdf</ref>.

@@ Line 42: / Line 42: @@
 Ifelodun local government area of Kwara State, Nigeria. Retrieved from
 https://edepot.wur.nl/298465</ref>.
 === Strategic Gender Need (SGN)<br/> ===
-These are needs identified by the women due to their subordinate position in the household and vary from one society to another. Examples of SGN are ending gender-based violence, improving access over resources and better legal rights. Addressing SGN is important to empower women and uplift their status in society. Meeting SGN is also a long-term goal<ref name="Khamati-Njenga & Clancy, 2003b">Khamati-Njenga, B., & Clancy, J. (2003b). Concepts and Issues in Gender and Energy. Retrieved from
+These are needs identified by the women due to their subordinate position in the household and vary from one society to another. Examples of SGN are ending gender-based violence, improving access over resources and better legal rights. Addressing SGN is important to empower women and uplift their status in society. Meeting SGN is also a long-term goal<ref name="Khamati-Njenga & Clancy, 2003b">Khamati-Njenga, B., & Clancy, J. (2003b). Concepts and Issues in Gender and Energy. Retrieved fromfckLRhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/254860437_Concepts_and_issues_in_gender_and_enfckLRergy</ref><ref name="Moser, 1989">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.fckLRWorld Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved fromfckLRhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>
-https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254860437_Concepts_and_issues_in_gender_and_en
-ergy</ref><ref name="Moser, 1989">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.
+The gender needs help to understand how the mini-grid is benefiting the women i.e. is it meeting only the practical needs or is also uplifting the status of women in the society? The gender mainstreaming activities can be targeted to meet only one need or both the needs.
-World Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved from
-https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>
+Table 1 shows the Gender Needs Assessment framework including the triple roles and the needs of women<ref name="Khamati-Njenga & Clancy, 2003b">Khamati-Njenga, B., & Clancy, J. (2003b). Concepts and Issues in Gender and Energy. Retrieved fromfckLRhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/254860437_Concepts_and_issues_in_gender_and_enfckLRergy</ref><ref name="Moser, 1989">Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs.fckLRWorld Development, 17(11), 1799–1825. Retrieved fromfckLRhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X89902015</ref>. Different activities are analyzed using the framework to show their impact on women’s roles and needs. For example, organizing meetings at a time favorable to women acknowledges their triple different roles and helps them to contribute to the meeting. This helps them to meet their practical needs as well as empower them (SGN). Training women operators acknowledge their productive role and also meets their PGN and SGN. PGN could also be meet by providing access to electricity and SGN could be met by training women in societies where women are oppressed. Public lighting allows women to carry out all of their triple roles and they also make streets safer addressing SGN and lighting is a common PGN.
-The gender needs help to understand how the mini-grid is benefiting the women i.e. is it meeting only the practical needs or is also uplifting the status of women in the society? The gender mainstreaming activities can be targeted to meet only one need or both the needs.
+= References =
-Table 1 shows the Gender Needs Assessment framework including the triple roles and the needs of women<ref name="Khamati-Njenga & Clancy, 2003b">Khamati-Njenga, B., & Clancy, J. (2003b). Concepts and Issues in Gender and Energy. Retrieved from
+<references />
-[[File:Gender Needs Assessment.png|thumb|left|500pxpx]]
+[[Category:Gender]]