Gender - Introduction - Revision history

Ranisha: /* Gender Equity Continuum */

2022-07-11T10:05:11Z

Gender Equity Continuum

Ranisha: /* Gender Equality vs Gender Equity */

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Gender Equality vs Gender Equity

Ranisha: /* Gender Roles */

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Gender Roles

Ranisha: /* Gender vs Sex */

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Gender vs Sex

Ranisha: /* Gender Analysis */

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Gender Analysis

Ranisha: /* Gender Mainstreaming */

2022-07-06T08:34:05Z

Gender Mainstreaming

Ranisha: /* Definition */

2022-07-06T08:16:00Z

Definition

Ranisha at 09:11, 4 June 2020

2020-06-04T09:11:54Z

Ranisha at 09:10, 4 June 2020

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Ranisha at 09:09, 4 June 2020

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 == Gender Equity Continuum ==
 Gender equity continuum refers to the switch from gender inequity to gender equity and how to achieve it.<ref name=":0">UNICEF (2018). Gender Toolkit: <nowiki>https://www.unicef.org/media/58196/file</nowiki></ref>
 [[File:Gender Equity Continumm.png|811x811px]]

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 == Gender Equality vs Gender Equity ==
-Gender equality means equal rights, opportunities and status of men and women. For achieving gender equality, we need to ensure equity to the same rights, opportunities and status and recognize that men and women do not have the same starting point. This could be due to the deeply rooted limited patriarchal beliefs and societal norms, among other things. Thus, gender equity is the process to achieve gender equality by ensuring fair and just access to equal rights, opportunities and status for both men and women.<ref>A movement to end gender-based violence. https://16daysallyship.whwest.org.au/challenges/actions/learn-what-the-patriarchy-is/</ref>
+Gender equality refers to equal access of rights, opportunities and status of men and women. However, different gender faces different challenges due to factors such as societal constraint, deep rooted patriarchal norms and calamities like wars. Hence, promoting gender equality without addressing the per-existing vulnerabilities might result in one gender benefiting more than the other.
-E.g, To promote equal access to solar irrigation in a project, distributing equal number of solar pumps to both men and women is not enough. It is necessary to address the inter-lying societal/economic/financial constraints that both men and women have and see how best to address them so that the both parties can benefit equally from the solar pumps.
+Gender equity is the process to achieve gender equality by ensuring fair and just access to equal rights, opportunities and status for both men and women. It includes efforts to identify the barriers faced by different genders and ensuring just and fair access.<ref>A movement to end gender-based violence. https://16daysallyship.whwest.org.au/challenges/actions/learn-what-the-patriarchy-is/</ref>
 == Empowerment ==

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 According to UNICER, “Empowerment is about women, men, girls and boys taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, developing skills (including life skills), building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self-reliance.”<ref name=":1">UNICEF (2018). Gender Toolkit.https://www.unicef.org/rosa/sites/unicef.org.rosa/files/2018-12/Gender%20Toolkit%20Integrating%20Gender%20in%20Programming%20for%20Every%20Child%20UNICEF%20South%20Asia%202018.pdf</ref>
-= Gender Roles =
+== Gender Roles ==
 Gender roles can be defined as expectations based on one's sex<ref name="[1] H. J. Fawkner, “Body Image Development – Adult Men,” in Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance, T. Cash, Ed. Oxford: Academic Press, 2012, pp. 194–200">[1] H. J. Fawkner, “Body Image Development – Adult Men,” in Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance, T. Cash, Ed. Oxford: Academic Press, 2012, pp. 194–200</ref>. For eg, male are expected to be masculine and display qualities such as strength and power whereas female are expected to be emotional and affectionate. Gender roles also extend towards the type of work male and female perform. For eg.&nbsp; women are expected to do the household chores whereas certain jobs such as engineering, mechanics are more male dominated.

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:51, 11 July 2022
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−	= Gender vs Sex =	+	== Gender vs Sex ==

	Often times, gender and sex is used interchangeably but this could be far from the reality. Sex refers to the biological attributions such as male, female and intersex. Gender, on the other hand is the socially and culturally constructed roles, behaviors and identifies and are not biologically defined. According to Energia, gender can be defined as "''socially defined roles, privileges, attributes and relationships between men and women which are learned and not biologically determined''”<ref name="Khamati-Njenga & Clancy, 2003a">Khamati-Njenga, B., & Clancy, J. (2003a). Concepts and issues in gender and energy. Retrieved from https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/concepts-and-issues-in-gender-and-energy</ref>.		Often times, gender and sex is used interchangeably but this could be far from the reality. Sex refers to the biological attributions such as male, female and intersex. Gender, on the other hand is the socially and culturally constructed roles, behaviors and identifies and are not biologically defined. According to Energia, gender can be defined as "''socially defined roles, privileges, attributes and relationships between men and women which are learned and not biologically determined''”<ref name="Khamati-Njenga & Clancy, 2003a">Khamati-Njenga, B., & Clancy, J. (2003a). Concepts and issues in gender and energy. Retrieved from https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/concepts-and-issues-in-gender-and-energy</ref>.

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 It is the first step towards understanding the inequalities that exists between men and women to achieve gender mainstreaming.
-Gender analysis can be defined as, "''collection and analysis of quantitative data (numbers, percentages, proportions, ratios) and qualitative information (preferences, beliefs, attitudes, behaviours, values, scope, etc.) through gender lens''".
+Gender analysis can be defined as, "''collection and analysis of quantitative data (numbers, percentages, proportions, ratios) and qualitative information (preferences, beliefs, attitudes, behaviours, values, scope, etc.) through gender lens''".<ref name=":1" />
 == Gender Mainstreaming ==

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 == Empowerment ==
-According to UNICER, “Empowerment is about women, men, girls and boys taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, developing skills (including life skills), building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self-reliance.”<ref>UNICEF (2018). Gender Toolkit.https://www.unicef.org/rosa/sites/unicef.org.rosa/files/2018-12/Gender%20Toolkit%20Integrating%20Gender%20in%20Programming%20for%20Every%20Child%20UNICEF%20South%20Asia%202018.pdf</ref>
+According to UNICER, “Empowerment is about women, men, girls and boys taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, developing skills (including life skills), building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self-reliance.”<ref name=":1">UNICEF (2018). Gender Toolkit.https://www.unicef.org/rosa/sites/unicef.org.rosa/files/2018-12/Gender%20Toolkit%20Integrating%20Gender%20in%20Programming%20for%20Every%20Child%20UNICEF%20South%20Asia%202018.pdf</ref>
 = Gender Roles =
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 The United Nations Economic and Social Council has defined gender mainstreaming as “''a strategy for making women’s as well as men’s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design,implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the policies and programmes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetuated''”<ref name="UNDP, 2007a">UNDP. (2007a). Gender mainstreaming: A key driver of development in environment & energy.Retrieved from http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/environmentenergy/sustainable_energy/gender_mainstreamingakeydriverofdevelopmentinenvironmentenergy.html</ref>.
 == Gender Parity ==

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-= Definition<br/> =
+= Gender vs Sex =
-Energia has defined gender as "''socially defined roles, privileges, attributes and relationships between men and women which are learned and not biologically determined''”<ref name="Khamati-Njenga & Clancy, 2003a">Khamati-Njenga, B., & Clancy, J. (2003a). Concepts and issues in gender and energy. Retrieved from https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/concepts-and-issues-in-gender-and-energy</ref>.<br/>
+Often times, gender and sex is used interchangeably but this could be far from the reality. Sex refers to the biological attributions such as male, female and intersex. Gender, on the other hand is the socially and culturally constructed roles, behaviors and identifies and are not biologically defined. According to Energia, gender can be defined as "''socially defined roles, privileges, attributes and relationships between men and women which are learned and not biologically determined''”<ref name="Khamati-Njenga & Clancy, 2003a">Khamati-Njenga, B., & Clancy, J. (2003a). Concepts and issues in gender and energy. Retrieved from https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/concepts-and-issues-in-gender-and-energy</ref>.
-Sex roles i.e male, female and other are defined biologically while gender roles are defined by:<br/>
+Hence, there are different gender roles in different contexts which determines how men and women act and express themselves. These roles are influenced and defined by<ref name="Khamati-Njenga & Clancy, 2003a" /><ref name="UNDP & ENERGIA, 2004">UNDP, & ENERGIA. (2004). Gender and energy for sustainable development: A toolkit and resource guide. Retrieved from https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/environmentenergy/sustainable_energy/energy_and_genderforsustainabledevelopmentatoolkitandresourcegui.html</ref>:
-*socioeconomic factors (e.g. culture, traditions and poverty);<br/>
+*socioeconomic factors (e.g. culture, traditions, poverty);<br/>
-*natural and man-made disasters (e.g. war and famine);<br/>
+*natural and man-made disasters (e.g. war, famine);<br/>
 *technical development (new machinery)<br/>
-*religion and others<ref name="Khamati-Njenga & Clancy, 2003a">Khamati-Njenga, B., & Clancy, J. (2003a). Concepts and issues in gender and energy. Retrieved from https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/concepts-and-issues-in-gender-and-energy</ref><ref name="UNDP & ENERGIA, 2004">UNDP, & ENERGIA. (2004). Gender and energy for sustainable development: A toolkit and resource guide. Retrieved from https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/environmentenergy/sustainable_energy/energy_and_genderforsustainabledevelopmentatoolkitandresourcegui.html</ref>.
+*religion and others.
 = Gender Roles =
-Gender roles can be defined as expectations based on one's sex<ref name="[1] H. J. Fawkner, “Body Image Development – Adult Men,” in Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance, T. Cash, Ed. Oxford: Academic Press, 2012, pp. 194–200">[1] H. J. Fawkner, “Body Image Development – Adult Men,” in Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance, T. Cash, Ed. Oxford: Academic Press, 2012, pp. 194–200</ref>. For eg, male are expected to be masculine and display qualities such as strength and power whereas female are expected to be emotional and affectationate. Gender roles also extend towards the type of work male and female perform. For eg.&nbsp; women are expected to do the household chores whereas certain jobs such as engineering, mechanics are more male dominated.
+Gender roles can be defined as expectations based on one's sex<ref name="[1] H. J. Fawkner, “Body Image Development – Adult Men,” in Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance, T. Cash, Ed. Oxford: Academic Press, 2012, pp. 194–200">[1] H. J. Fawkner, “Body Image Development – Adult Men,” in Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance, T. Cash, Ed. Oxford: Academic Press, 2012, pp. 194–200</ref>. For eg, male are expected to be masculine and display qualities such as strength and power whereas female are expected to be emotional and affectionate. Gender roles also extend towards the type of work male and female perform. For eg.&nbsp; women are expected to do the household chores whereas certain jobs such as engineering, mechanics are more male dominated.
-<br/>Gender roles are learned and they can as well as do vary with time. They can also vary within the same household, society and country<ref name="UNDP, 2007a">UNDP. (2007a). Gender mainstreaming: A key driver of development in environment & energy.Retrieved from http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/environmentenergy/sustainable_energy/gender_mainstreamingakeydriverofdevelopmentinenvironmentenergy.html</ref>. For eg, a poor woman might have to do the household duties as well as work in the agricultural fields whereas a rich woman might have servants to do both the work. Also, a married woman might work in the house as well as look after the children while an unmarried woman might mostly help with the household duties.
+[[File:Gender Roles.png|612x612px]]
-= Gender Mainstreaming =
+== Gender Needs ==
-Gender gap refers to how men and women are affected differently by the socioeconomic, political and cultural factors. It does not exist in isolation in society but is a combination of different factors<ref name="Harris, 2017">Harris, B. (2017). What is the gender gap (and why is it getting wider)? Retrieved January 11, 2020,from World Economic Forum website: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/11/the-gender-gapactually-got-worse-in-2017/</ref><ref name="Khamati-Njenga & Clancy, 2003a">Khamati-Njenga, B., & Clancy, J. (2003a). Concepts and issues in gender and energy. Retrieved from https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/concepts-and-issues-in-gender-and-energy</ref>. Thus, gender mainstreaming is needed to address the gender gap and ensure that men and women benefit equally.
+# Practical needs: refers to basic needs such as food, water, shelter and clothing.
 The United Nations Economic and Social Council has defined gender mainstreaming as “''a strategy for making women’s as well as men’s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design,implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the policies and programmes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetuated''”<ref name="UNDP, 2007a">UNDP. (2007a). Gender mainstreaming: A key driver of development in environment & energy.Retrieved from http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/environmentenergy/sustainable_energy/gender_mainstreamingakeydriverofdevelopmentinenvironmentenergy.html</ref>.
 = References =

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	= Definition<br/> =		= Definition<br/> =

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