Enhancing Production of Improved Cookstoves (ICS) - Revision history

Lisafeldmann: /* Donors and Institutions as Customers */

2020-09-10T07:39:29Z

Donors and Institutions as Customers

Lisafeldmann: /* Donors and Institutions as Customers */

2020-09-10T07:38:29Z

Donors and Institutions as Customers

Lisafeldmann: /* Donors and Institutions as Customers */

2020-09-10T07:37:09Z

Donors and Institutions as Customers

Tom Schulze at 12:59, 30 April 2018

2018-04-30T12:59:15Z

Tom Schulze: Text replace - "link=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium

[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Cook

2018-04-30T12:18:32Z

Text replace - "left|831px|GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|alt=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png|link=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium<br/><br/>[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Cook

Luis Azuaje at 09:45, 27 July 2017

2017-07-27T09:45:05Z

Kees: /* */

2016-10-12T14:31:56Z

Kees: /* Further Information */

2016-10-12T14:28:17Z

Further Information

Kees: /* Scaling-up of Improved Cookstoves (ICS) Production Capacities */

2016-10-12T14:19:13Z

Scaling-up of Improved Cookstoves (ICS) Production Capacities

Kees: /* Piloting of Improved Cookstoves (ICS) Production */

2016-10-12T14:14:22Z

Piloting of Improved Cookstoves (ICS) Production

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 Institutional stoves can be highly efficient, and their very high savings potential means that institutions (both public and private) spend less on wood fuel, and, for instance, school children spend less time collecting firewood, so more time can be spent in education. Canteens in institutions such as schools, hospitals, or prisons benefit from energy saving stoves. A cost-benefit analysis in Malawi has shown that the use of Institutional Rocket Stoves is profitable in a wide range of institutions.
-Also, an impact study of rocket stove in school canteens highlighted the relevance of proper and practical user training not only of head teachers or coordinators but of the cooks themselves. Read more: [[File:ProBEC_Study_on_the_Impact_of_the_Institutional_Rocket_Stoves_in_School_Kitchens.pdf|ProBEC Study on the Impact of the Institutional Rocket Stoves in School Kitchens 2007]].
+Also, an impact study of rocket stove in school canteens highlighted the relevance of proper and practical user training not only of head teachers or coordinators but of the cooks themselves. Read more: [[:File:ProBEC_Study_on_the_Impact_of_the_Institutional_Rocket_Stoves_in_School_Kitchens.pdf|ProBEC Study on the Impact of the Institutional Rocket Stoves in School Kitchens]].
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 Institutional stoves can be highly efficient, and their very high savings potential means that institutions (both public and private) spend less on wood fuel, and, for instance, school children spend less time collecting firewood, so more time can be spent in education. Canteens in institutions such as schools, hospitals, or prisons benefit from energy saving stoves. A cost-benefit analysis in Malawi has shown that the use of Institutional Rocket Stoves is profitable in a wide range of institutions.
-Also, an impact study of rocket stove in school canteens highlighted the relevance of proper and practical user training not only of head teachers or coordinators but of the cooks themselves.<ref name="ProBEC Study on the Impact of the Institutional Rocket Stoves in School Kitchens 2007. https://energypedia.info/images/b/be/ProBEC_Study_on_the_Impact_of_the_Institutional_Rocket_Stoves_in_School_Kitchens.pdf">ProBEC Study on the Impact of the Institutional Rocket Stoves in School Kitchens 2007. https://energypedia.info/images/b/be/ProBEC_Study_on_the_Impact_of_the_Institutional_Rocket_Stoves_in_School_Kitchens.pdf</ref>
+Also, an impact study of rocket stove in school canteens highlighted the relevance of proper and practical user training not only of head teachers or coordinators but of the cooks themselves. Read more: [[File:ProBEC_Study_on_the_Impact_of_the_Institutional_Rocket_Stoves_in_School_Kitchens.pdf|ProBEC Study on the Impact of the Institutional Rocket Stoves in School Kitchens 2007]].
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 == Donors and Institutions as Customers<br/> ==
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 Institutional stoves can be highly efficient, and their very high savings potential means that institutions (both public and private) spend less on wood fuel, and, for instance, school children spend less time collecting firewood, so more time can be spent in education. Canteens in institutions such as schools, hospitals, or prisons benefit from energy saving stoves. A cost-benefit analysis in Malawi has shown that the use of Institutional Rocket Stoves is profitable in a wide range of institutions.
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 = Further reading<br/> =

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-Prototypes of new stoves are usually produced in a lab-controlled environment with close collaboration between stove designers and researchers, stove users and potential producers. Once the prototype fulfills the required standards, it has to be field tested at a larger scale to verify if the stove performs well enough and if ordinary households are using it. In reality, there might be alterations between phases of lab testing and field testing. <br/>
+Prototypes of new stoves are usually produced in a lab-controlled environment with close collaboration between stove designers and researchers, stove users and potential producers. Once the prototype fulfills the required standards, it has to be field tested at a larger scale to verify if the stove performs well enough and if ordinary households are using it. In reality, there might be alterations between phases of lab testing and field testing.<br/>
 The development of an ICS is never actually completed. Even after 10 years of promotion, new materials or design features may come up. Researchers and technicians tend to request for long product development phases, whereas project managers tend to push for early piloting. There is no golden rule for identifying when a stove is ready for the market.<br/>
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 At some stage of the development process, there is a need to interrupt the change processes for at least a year to allow a field based learning on a constant stove model. Otherwise it is difficult to identify which variation of the stove model is related to which feedback or observation. While an early release to the public bears the risk of a public failure (image problem), a prolonged research period increases the cost of development and delays the results of dissemination.<br/>
+<br/>
 == Piloting of Improved Cookstoves (ICS) Production<br/> ==
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+<br/>
 == Scaling-up of Improved Cookstoves (ICS) Production Capacities<br/> ==
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 '''1. Increasing the number of small scale supply-demand systems.'''<br/>
-In this case, the concept of “local production for local markets based on local resources and local skills” is maintained. It is a concept which provides a close link between producers and users and is relatively robust against external shocks. For scaling-up this concept, a large effort in capacity building for many artisans is required.&nbsp;Strong and organised partners are needed, who know both the country and its people very well, allowing the project to act as a facilitator. Involvement with other organisations, such as NGOs, the private sector, or governmental bodies, is a precondition for achieving sustainable access to household energy for large numbers of people. These already existing partners can be found in many sectors which are related to cooking energy. <br/>
+In this case, the concept of “local production for local markets based on local resources and local skills” is maintained. It is a concept which provides a close link between producers and users and is relatively robust against external shocks. For scaling-up this concept, a large effort in capacity building for many artisans is required.&nbsp;Strong and organised partners are needed, who know both the country and its people very well, allowing the project to act as a facilitator. Involvement with other organisations, such as NGOs, the private sector, or governmental bodies, is a precondition for achieving sustainable access to household energy for large numbers of people. These already existing partners can be found in many sectors which are related to cooking energy.<br/>
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 *The investment can increase the vulnerability of the production: If new machines depend on the availability of electricity or the presence of a specific (qualified) staff member, the production might be more vulnerable for forced interruptions. The risks of such vulnerabilities should be assessed upfront.<br/>
 == Donors and Institutions as Customers<br/> ==
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-{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" border="1" style="width: 100%"
+{| style="width: 100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" border="1"
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-| bgcolor="#e0e0e0" colspan="4" |
+| colspan="4" bgcolor="#e0e0e0" |
 '''Institutional rocket stoves in Malawi'''<br/>An orphanage that prepares two meals a day in a 100 litre pot saves 680 US$ yearly on firewood expenditures. If a 200 litre stove is used twice a day throughout the whole year the net benefit during the stove’s four-year life is 4235 US$. Depending on cooking frequency and size, the price for a stove has been paid off after three to nine months. Due to reduced firewood costs canteens save up to 40% on their catering budget.<br/>-> [[:file:Costs-benefits-institutional-stoves malawi-probec-2008.pdf|CBA Malawi Costs and Benefits of Institutional Stoves]]
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-{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" border="1" style="width: 100%"
+{| style="width: 100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" border="1"
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-| bgcolor="#e0e0e0" colspan="4" | '''Application of Improved Cooking Stoves in Rural Health Centers'''<br/><div><u>Cooking needs in rural health centers can be divided into two categories, depending on the target group, for whom the food is prepared:</u><br/></div>
+| colspan="4" bgcolor="#e0e0e0" | '''Application of Improved Cooking Stoves in Rural Health Centers'''<br/><div><u>Cooking needs in rural health centers can be divided into two categories, depending on the target group, for whom the food is prepared:</u><br/></div>
 *'''Food for staff'''<br/>It depends mainly on the number of staff, the health center management, and/or the degree of self-organization of the staff. If the meals for staff members are prepared communally, an institutional size stoves might make sense.<br/>Examples: Both Mission and the Government hospitals in Mulanje District (Southern Malawi) have institutional size wood-fired rocket stoves to cater for the staff and the students of the nursing college. Cooking is done by a paid cook, who got trained on the proper use of the stoves. The firewood is provided by the hospital. Savings as compared to the open fire are between 70-80 percent.
 *'''Food for patients'''<br/>Most rural health centers do not provide meals for the patients, even if they have in-patient facilities. The meals for patients are prepared individually by the guardians who accompany the patient often with the main purpose to cater or prepare warm bath water for the patient. Thus individual cooking facilities are needed for the guardians. Usually food ingredients, fuel, and cooking utensils have to be organised by the guardians and are not provided by the health center. Thus, the most prevalent cooking facility is the makeshift 3-stone fire fuelled with firewood or any other biomass that the guardians are able to organise in the immediate surroundings of the health center. A good practice is when health centers provide a sheltered cooking place and define the area where cooking is allowed. To minimise the adverse effects of air pollution and prevent smoke from adding to the ailments of the patients, this location should preferably be at a distance from the wards and care units.
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 = Further reading<br/> =
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 = References<br/> =
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 {{#set: Hera category=ICS Supply}}
 [[Category:Cooking_Energy]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:18, 30 April 2018
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 == Product Development<br/> ==
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 [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|--> Back to Overview GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium]]
 [[Category:Cooking_Energy_Compendium_(GIZ_HERA)]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:31, 12 October 2016
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−	<br/>	+	= Further reading<br/> =
		+
		+	For over three decades, Aprovecho Research Center has been the global go-to for practical, efficient, and purposeful expertise in the design and testing of biomass cookstoves. Their leading-edge and collaborative research continues to remain open source and accessible to promote the “best use of” resources for everyone from the rural cook to national governments. [http://aprovecho.org/ http://aprovecho.org/]<br/>

	<br/>		<br/>

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:28, 12 October 2016
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−	~~= Further Information<br/> =~~

−	*[[:File:REED_Toolkit_-_A_Handbook_for_Energy_Entreprenuers.pdf\|REED toolkit]]: A Handbook of Energy Entreprenuers for Rural Energy Enterprise Development provided by UNEP	+	= <br/> =
−	*Institutional stoves webinar: Webinar on experience and lessons learned with institutional stoves covering topics such as design principles, manufacturing techniques and dissemination tools on [http:/~~/www.pciaonline.org/webinars http://www.pciaonline.org/webinars]~~

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-<u>It is important to consider the coordinated growth of both production and demand:</u>
+<u>It is important to consider the coordinated growth of both production and demand:</u><br/>
 *demand without products can frustrate the customers and
-*production without markets ruins the producers.
+*demand without products can frustrate the customers and<br/>
 <br/>
-<u>Scaling-up can be done in two dimensions:</u>
+<u>Scaling-up can be done in two dimensions:</u><br/>
-'''1. Increasing the number of small scale supply-demand systems.'''
+'''1. Increasing the number of small scale supply-demand systems.'''<br/>
-In this case, the concept of “local production for local markets based on local resources and local skills” is maintained. It is a concept which provides a close link between producers and users and is relatively robust against external shocks. For scaling-up this concept, a large effort in capacity building for many artisans is required. There are good examples for this approach: the “training of trainers” concept in [[:File:En-pyramid training ke-07-2007.pdf|Kenya]] and Uganda. Another approach is the “mainstreaming concept” of the Program for Biomass Energy Conservation (ProBEC) in Malawi. It is based on the assessment that supporting a nation-wide dissemination is too large a task to be accomplished by a single project team. Strong and organised partners are needed, who know both the country and its people very well, allowing the project to act as a facilitator. Involvement with other organisations, such as NGOs, the private sector, or governmental bodies, is a precondition for achieving sustainable access to household energy for large numbers of people. These already existing partners can be found in many sectors which are related to cooking energy. The next figure illustrates fields and sectors where cooking energy could be incorporated into the activities of sectors other than energy.
+In this case, the concept of “local production for local markets based on local resources and local skills” is maintained. It is a concept which provides a close link between producers and users and is relatively robust against external shocks. For scaling-up this concept, a large effort in capacity building for many artisans is required.&nbsp;Strong and organised partners are needed, who know both the country and its people very well, allowing the project to act as a facilitator. Involvement with other organisations, such as NGOs, the private sector, or governmental bodies, is a precondition for achieving sustainable access to household energy for large numbers of people. These already existing partners can be found in many sectors which are related to cooking energy. <br/>
-<span style="color: #ff0000"></span>
+<br/>
-[[File:Cooking is Central.png|thumb|center|400px|Health, forestry and food are all linked to household energy (Source: GTZ ProBEC)|alt=Health, forestry and food are all linked to household energy. Source: GTZ ProBEC.]]
+'''2. Inreasing productivity of production systems'''<br/>
-Another way of increasing the production is the transformation of the existing production system to increase the productivity per producer. This can be based on the introduction of improved tooling (e.g. in Senegal the introduction of flanging, bending and rounding machines for metal works) of local artisans or the establishment of semi-industrial production centers (e.g. introduction of an extruder machine for the production of ceramic liners in Ethiopia).
+Another way of increasing the production is the transformation of the existing production system to increase the productivity per producer. This can be based on the introduction of improved tooling (e.g. in Senegal the introduction of flanging, bending and rounding machines for metal works) of local artisans or the establishment of semi-industrial production centers (e.g. introduction of an extruder machine for the production of ceramic liners in Ethiopia).<br/>
-<u>The investment into machinery has various dimensions:</u>
+<u>The investment into machinery has various dimensions:</u><br/>
 *The investment has to be financed: there might be a need to support the producers through [[Financing Mechanisms for Cookstove Dissemination|micro-finance instruments]] to facilitate the investment.
-*The investment must be viable: the additional costs of the investment must be overcompensated by additional income through cheaper production and increase of sales. A business case study for such an investment should be produced before the investment is executed.
+*The investment has to be financed: there might be a need to support the producers through [[Financing Mechanisms for Cookstove Dissemination|micro-finance instruments]] to facilitate the investment.<br/>
 *Staff qualification: new machines require new skills and knowledge. Existing staff has to be trained or better staff has to be recruited to operate the new machines properly.
-*The investment can increase the vulnerability of the production: If new machines depend on the availability of electricity or the presence of a specific (qualified) staff member, the production might be more vulnerable for forced interruptions. The risks of such vulnerabilities should be assessed upfront.
+*The investment can increase the vulnerability of the production: If new machines depend on the availability of electricity or the presence of a specific (qualified) staff member, the production might be more vulnerable for forced interruptions. The risks of such vulnerabilities should be assessed upfront.<br/>
 == Donors and Institutions as Customers<br/> ==

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 At some stage of the development process, there is a need to interrupt the change processes for at least a year to allow a field based learning on a constant stove model. Otherwise it is difficult to identify which variation of the stove model is related to which feedback or observation. While an early release to the public bears the risk of a public failure (image problem), a prolonged research period increases the cost of development and delays the results of dissemination.<br/>
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 <br/><u>The initial step from “prototyping” to “piloting production” is very crucial and difficult:</u>
 *we are not yet sure of the product (teething problems);
 *we are not yet sure of the market (new product);
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-Because of these uncertainties, many projects feel the need to protect the initial producers against the risks of entering this new production business. <u>This “protection” can take the form of…</u>
+Because of these uncertainties, many projects feel the need to protect the initial producers against the risks of entering this new production business. <u>This “protection” can take the form of…</u><br/>
 *providing producers with required tools;
 *providing producers with required production materials;
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 <u>While these interventions are useful to get the production going, there are also huge risks for the long term sustainability attached to these approaches:</u>
-<br/>In many countries, there are artisans who have already worked with former “stove projects”. New interventions often have to also combat expectations which are generated from these past experiences. It requires time, good knowledge of the local stove project history, and strong standing to establish a different system. The selection of the location and the initial producers is something which should be carried out with thorough planning.
+*The initial producers may consider themselves as “employees of the program”. Therefore, clarification of ownership is a must right from the beginning;<br/>
 <br/>
-It is not possible to suggest “the best way” on how to initiate the ICS production as it is highly circumstantial. <u>However, here are some ideas which have worked in the past:</u>
+It is not possible to suggest “the best way” on how to initiate the ICS production as it is highly circumstantial. <u>However, here are some ideas which have worked in the past:</u><br/>
 *At the end of the prototype-development phase, test-sales can be done to assess how much people would pay for the stove. They can also generate orders for stoves.
-*Based on this concrete demand, artisans with an already established workshop and business can be asked if they are interested to satisfy this documented demand if trained by the program. It is assumed that these producers have all tools and labor required to manufacture the stoves. The project may give a warranty that the investment into the materials for the stoves will be covered in case the stoves are actually not sold despite the orders of the customers.
+*At the end of the prototype-development phase, test-sales can be done to assess how much people would pay for the stove. They can also generate orders for stoves.<br/>
-*Once these first stoves are produced and sold, the initial producers are invited to participate in awareness and marketing activities to establish their own links to potential target groups and understand how to find markets for their new product.
+*Based on this concrete demand, artisans with an already established workshop and business can be asked if they are interested to satisfy this documented demand if trained by the program. It is assumed that these producers have all tools and labor required to manufacture the stoves. The project may give a warranty that the investment into the materials for the stoves will be covered in case the stoves are actually not sold despite the orders of the customers.<br/>
-*They are continuously supported through quality control and additional awareness campaigns. Feedback rounds with early customers may assist to create a better understanding of the perception of the customers.
+*Once these first stoves are produced and sold, the initial producers are invited to participate in awareness and marketing activities to establish their own links to potential target groups and understand how to find markets for their new product.<br/>
 <br/>
-<u>There are some lessons from previous interventions to be shared:</u>
+<u>There are some lessons from previous interventions to be shared:</u><br/>
 *Do not pay artisans for attending a training workshop on stove production.<br/>Some projects pay artisans for attending training courses as “they cannot afford to lose a working days income by attending a training course without pay”. But if you pay for participation, people will attend for the money (as a job) and you do not get the interested people. At least their time should be their contribution into a better future. You can buffer the “income-argument” by providing food and by designing half-day trainings close to the homes or work-places of the participants. Hence they can still work half time in their work-shops and still earn a little money.
-*Do not provide free tooling and free materials to kick-start production:<br/>Access to tools and materials for the production of the new product might be a bottleneck for the newly trained producers. Hence it is tempting to provide them with all tools necessary and the materials required for the first number of stoves with the idea that they can afford to purchase the next materials from the income of the first stoves.<br/>In some cases this works out fine. But sometimes this attracts the wrong participants who are using the provided inputs to produce any type of other product and afterwards claim that they have to be given another material for the stoves. To avoid this kind of frustration, another option is to provide tools and inputs on a cost sharing arrangement, and the part to be paid by the artisan can be pre-financed by a micro-credit organization. This goes along with the support of the project to connect the artisans with their first customers. By doing so, a strong motivation to produce stoves is generated.
+*Do not pay artisans for attending a training workshop on stove production.<br/>Some projects pay artisans for attending training courses as “they cannot afford to lose a working days income by attending a training course without pay”. But if you pay for participation, people will attend for the money (as a job) and you do not get the interested people. At least their time should be their contribution into a better future. You can buffer the “income-argument” by providing food and by designing half-day trainings close to the homes or work-places of the participants. Hence they can still work half time in their work-shops and still earn a little money.<br/>
 <br/>
 == Scaling-up of Improved Cookstoves (ICS) Production Capacities<br/> ==

Enhancing Production of Improved Cookstoves (ICS) - Revision history

Lisafeldmann: /* Donors and Institutions as Customers */

Lisafeldmann: /* Donors and Institutions as Customers */

Lisafeldmann: /* Donors and Institutions as Customers */

Tom Schulze at 12:59, 30 April 2018

Tom Schulze: Text replace - "link=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Cook

Luis Azuaje at 09:45, 27 July 2017

Kees: /* */

Kees: /* Further Information */

Kees: /* Scaling-up of Improved Cookstoves (ICS) Production Capacities */

Kees: /* Piloting of Improved Cookstoves (ICS) Production */

Tom Schulze: Text replace - "link=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium

[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Cook