Content of Planning Cookstove Interventions - Revision history

Tom Schulze at 12:54, 30 April 2018

2018-04-30T12:54:19Z

Tom Schulze: Text replace - "link=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium

[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Cook

2018-04-30T12:18:21Z

Text replace - "left|831px|GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|alt=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png|link=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium<br/><br/>[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Cook

Luis Azuaje at 09:11, 27 July 2017

2017-07-27T09:11:28Z

Heike Volkmer at 13:31, 20 December 2016

2016-12-20T13:31:50Z

Show changes

Ranisha at 15:34, 3 November 2016

2016-11-03T15:34:27Z

Ranisha at 15:30, 3 November 2016

2016-11-03T15:30:33Z

Kees: Kees moved page Content of Planning Cooking Energy Interventions to Content of Planning Cookstove Interventions

2016-10-11T15:29:29Z

Kees moved page Content of Planning Cooking Energy Interventions to Content of Planning Cookstove Interventions

Kees: /* Overview */

2016-10-11T15:24:07Z

Overview

Ranisha: /* Selection of Production System */

2015-08-03T13:48:38Z

Selection of Production System

Ranisha: /* Selection of Technology */

2015-08-03T13:47:26Z

Selection of Technology

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 *<u>Maintenance: </u><br/>Fixed stoves are often build of materials which can be locally found (mud, bricks, clay, sand etc.). They tend to require regular maintenance such as smearing the surface to cover small cracks. Portable stoves tend to be made of fired clay or metal which do not require much maintenance.
 *“<u>Efficiency” (technical potential): </u><br/>Improved cook stoves are promoted mostly with the promise that their usage will reduce the specific fuel consumption of a household as compared to traditional stoves (preparing the same meal). Hence the direct comparison with the baseline stove is of utmost importance. Comparisons between different efficient cook stoves are commonly based on water boiling tests or controlled cooking tests (click here for more information on [[Testing of Woodfuel Stoves|testing]]). Fixed stoves tend to be rather high mass stoves as compared to most portable stoves. Hence for shorter cooking tasks (e.g. <span data-scaytid="25" data-scayt_word="1h">1h</span>), portable stoves consume less fuel than fixed stoves as it takes less energy to heat up their material. Other foods like beans require several hours of preparation. In this case, high mass stoves might be of an advantage as – once their mass is heated - they require less fuel for the simmering phase as compared to low mass stoves.
-*<u>Emission (technical potential):</u><br/>Imported industrial stoves are tuned under the emission hood to a design with minimum of emissions such as PM or CO. In contrast, self-help stoves do not have specific design principles which would allow for significant emission reductions. Artisanal fixed or portable stoves may have some potential for emission reduction but not as much as stoves which are particularly designed for that purpose. However, the design of the kitchen and the user behavior are much more relevant for the scale of emissions rather than the stove design itself. A three-stone fire with dry wood in a well ventilated room will cause less indoor air pollution than an industrial stove used with wet wood in a closed room. Hence we can only compare the technical potential, whereas the reality in the households is much more influenced by the user’s <span data-scaytid="26" data-scayt_word="behaviour">behaviour</span> (click here for more information on [[Firewood_Cookstoves|firewood cookstoves]]).
+*<u>Emission (technical potential):</u><br/>Imported industrial stoves are tuned under the emission hood to a design with minimum of emissions such as PM or CO. In contrast, self-help stoves do not have specific design principles which would allow for significant emission reductions. Artisanal fixed or portable stoves may have some potential for emission reduction but not as much as stoves which are particularly designed for that purpose. However, the design of the kitchen and the user behavior are much more relevant for the scale of emissions rather than the stove design itself. A three-stone fire with dry wood in a well ventilated room will cause less indoor air pollution than an industrial stove used with wet wood in a closed room. Hence we can only compare the technical potential, whereas the reality in the households is much more influenced by the user’s <span data-scaytid="26" data-scayt_word="behaviour">behaviour</span> (click here for more information on [[Firewood Cookstoves|firewood cookstoves]]).
 *<u>Retail price: </u><br/>Self help stoves only require the opportunity costs of the materials and the <span data-scaytid="29" data-scayt_word="labour">labour</span>. Imported industrial stoves are so far much more expensive as locally produced stoves if marketed without subsidies. Artisanal products have various prices depending on the costs of materials, labor input, competitive other income opportunities, relationship to the customer, distance to the market, season/purchase power of customers, cash need of the producer etc. <span data-scaytid="27" data-scayt_word="GIZ">GIZ</span> has observed that rural households are more prepared to pay cash for a stove if it is build out of materials they cannot access themselves (e.g. metal, fired clay or cement). The <span data-scaytid="28" data-scayt_word="commercialisation">commercialisation</span> of improved mud stoves has often meet difficulties. They are rather subject to self-help or <span data-scaytid="32" data-scayt_word="neighbourhood-help">neighbourhood-help</span> arrangements with “in kind” compensations such as food or livestock.
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 In the inception study, the factors listed in the table should be investigated and analyzed. Not all of them will be relevant in all cases. The potential impact on the selection and the impact on the implementation are just examples from field practice. They do not preempt the case study which may deliver other results. They shall rather illustrate the kind of consideration to be made when selecting an intervention area.
-[[Content of Planning Cooking Energy Interventions#toc|►Go to Top]]
+[[Content of Planning Cookstove Interventions#toc|►Go to Top]]
 = Selection of Potential Improved <span data-scaytid="5" data-scayt_word="Cookstove">Cookstove</span> (ICS) Markets<br/> =
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 This article was originally published by [http://www.giz.de/fachexpertise/html/2769.html GIZ HERA]. It is basically based on experiences, lessons learned and information gathered by <span data-scayt_word="giz" data-scaytid="58">GIZ</span> cook stove projects. You can find more information about the authors and experts of the original “Cooking Energy Compendium” in the [[Imprint - GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|Imprint]].
-[[Content of Planning Cooking Energy Interventions#toc|►Go to Top]]<br/>
+[[Content of Planning Cookstove Interventions#toc|►Go to Top]]<br/>
 [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|--> Back to Overview GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium]]
 [[Category:Cookstoves]]

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 [[File:GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png|left|831px|GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|alt=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png|link=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium]]<br/>[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Basics about Cooking Energy|Basics]] | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Policy Advice on Cooking Energy|Policy Advice]] | '''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Planning Improved Cook Stove .28ICS.29 Interventions|Planning]]''' | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Designing and Implementing Improved Cookstoves .28ICS.29 Supply Interventions|Designing and Implementing (ICS Supply)]]| [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Cooking Energy Technologies and Practices|Technologies and Practices]] | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Designing and Implementing Woodfuel Supply Interventions|Designing and Implementing (Woodfuel Supply)]]| [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Climate Change Related Issues|Climate Change]]
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 = Selection of Technology<br/> =
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 [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|--> Back to Overview GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium]]
 [[Category:Cooking_Energy_Compendium_(GIZ_HERA)]]

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 = Overview<br/> =
-There is no blueprint for the planning of an '''improved cooking stoves (ICS) '''intervention. Even after more than 30 years of <span data-scaytid="2" data-scayt_word="GIZ">GIZ</span> cooking energy promotion, the concepts of ICS intervention to date still vary from country to country. This is mainly due to the fact that the [[Frame Conditions for Planning Cooking Energy Interventions|frame conditions for the planning]] often look different.
+There is no blueprint for the planning of an '''improved cooking stoves (ICS) '''intervention. Even after more than 30 years of <span data-scaytid="2" data-scayt_word="giz">GIZ</span> cooking energy promotion, the concepts of ICS intervention to date still vary from country to country. This is mainly due to the fact that the&nbsp;cooking energy systems often look different.<br/>
 While the answers are always circumstantial and specific, there are general important questions which need to be answered in any ICS planning process. These questions are sorted by important aspects of the content of planning (location, ICS market, technology, production system, partners, service providers etc.). It is recommended to consider these questions in the inception study and the preparation of the inception workshop.
 = Selection of Project Location<br/> =

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-[[File:GIZ overview production systems 2011.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Fig: Overview: production systems|alt=GIZ overview production systems 2011.jpg]]<br/>
+[[File:GIZ overview production systems 2011.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Fig: Overview: production systems|alt=GIZ overview production systems 2011.jpg]]<div style="clear: both"></div>
 <u>Production systems (and their typical products) can differ on various characteristics:</u>
 [[File:GIZ Impact of production system on product 2011.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Fig: Impact of production system on product|alt=GIZ Impact of production system on product 2011.jpg]]<div style="clear: both"></div>
 *<u>Professionalism of stove production: </u><br/>The routine of producing a stove is increasing with the number of stoves produced. Self-help stoves are built once in a while when the lifespan of the stove has expired. In contrast, workers in (semi-)industrial production centers are highly specialized in producing stoves. Artisanal production (both of portable and fixed stoves) can reach different levels of professionalism (seasonal, part-time or full time activity).
 *<u>Design drift: </u><br/>Improved cook stoves are promising potential customers a relative level of performance (“saves x% fuel as compared to the baseline stove”). If each ICS has its own shape and design, it is likely that they also perform differently. Hence the customers may be dissatisfied if their stove does not perform according to their expectation. Products must perform to a predictable level if they shall succeed as a commercial product. To avoid design-drift, it is necessary to standardize the production process. This means the application of devices which help to reduce the variation of the stove quality in the production process. There are a variety of possibilities to achieve <span data-scaytid="19" data-scayt_word="standardisation">standardisation</span> such as the use of <span data-scaytid="22" data-scayt_word="moulds">moulds</span>/templates or the use of mechanical or electrical machines. For fixed stoves, <span data-scaytid="20" data-scayt_word="standardisation">standardisation</span> is a challenge. They are build “on site” which makes the use of machines difficult. Any tool, <span data-scaytid="23" data-scayt_word="mould">mould</span> or template has to be transported to the customer which makes <span data-scaytid="21" data-scayt_word="standardisation">standardisation</span> cumbersome. A solution can be the use of <span data-scaytid="24" data-scayt_word="standardised">standardised</span>, pre-fabricated parts which are just assembled on site. Another “hybrid” solution is the import of industrially produced flat packs of parts for the assembly in country.
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 <u>These differences can pose challenges for an ICS intervention:</u>
-[[File:GIZ challenges for the project 2011.jpg|thumb|left|400pxpx|Fig:Challenges of the project|alt=GIZ challenges for the project 2011.jpg]]<br/>
+[[File:GIZ challenges for the project 2011.jpg|thumb|left|400pxpx|Fig:Challenges of the project|alt=GIZ challenges for the project 2011.jpg]]<div style="clear: both"></div>
 *<u>Magnitude of the quality control activities: </u><br/>Portable stoves can be controlled at the production centers or the sales points. Fixed stoves can only be controlled at the home of the user. Thus, the quality control for self-help stoves or artisanal fixed stoves requires a huge outreach into the homes of the users, which is costly and cumbersome. Imported industrially produced stoves already arrive with a certain level of quality control. At the off-loading from the container, <span data-scaytid="33" data-scayt_word="breakages">breakages</span> have to be detected. Portable artisanal stoves can be checked at the place of production. For the same sample size, the effort of monitoring is far less as compared to fixed stoves.
 *<u>Quantity of producers to be trained by the project: </u><br/>Industrial cook stoves do not require any training of producers by the project as this is taken care of by the supplier of the stoves. For a “do-it yourself” approach, every household of the target group needs to be instructed. Commonly, a “trainer of trainers of volunteers” cascade concept is applied for this purpose. In contrast, artisans usually are all trained directly by the project or qualified training providers. As artisans supply stoves to a larger number of households, less producers needs to be trained as compared to the self-help approach.
 *I<u><span data-scaytid="34" data-scayt_word="ntensity">ntensity</span> of the producer training provided by the project: </u><br/>Self help stoves are commonly simple stove designs. Hence households do not require an intensive training. The more complex the stove design and the more the production system is <span data-scaytid="35" data-scayt_word="mechanised">mechanised</span>, the higher the need of qualified trainees and the more intense the training program. Again, imported stoves relieve the project from training activities for stove producers.
 *<u>Potential need of micro finance for investments of stove producers: </u><br/>The start-up of stove production is linked to investments. The more the production system is mechanized, the higher the investment barrier is. The formal banking sector often does not permit the access of producers to formal sector loans. In such cases, the micro-finance sector can offer an alternative (see [[Financing Mechanisms for Cookstove Dissemination#Purchasing ICS through mircrofinance|microfinance]]). Self help stoves do not require loans for investments in production infrastructure. Neither do producers of imported industrially produced stoves. Different production systems (and their products) have different potential impacts on some selected development goals:
-<br/>[[File:GIZ potential development impacts 2011.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Fig:Potential development impacts|alt=GIZ potential development impacts 2011.jpg]]<div style="clear: both"></div>
+[[File:GIZ potential development impacts 2011.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Fig:Potential development impacts|alt=GIZ potential development impacts 2011.jpg]]<div style="clear: both"></div>
 *<u>In-country value adding: </u><br/>The promotion of improved cook stoves is sometimes employed as a mean to foster local economic development. An important aspect for this intention is the value adding which is associated with the production and marketing of ICS. Self-help stoves do not contribute to value adding. Imported stove are already produced before entering the country. Hence the larger part of the value adding has taken place outside the country. The value adding effect of artisanal production of stoves at the home of a user or in the workshop is difficult to estimate as it depends on the cost of the inputs as compared to the sales. It is assumed that large mechanized workshops are in the position to generate more value adding as compared to artisanal stove builders due to the level of efficiency in the production system.
 *<u>Income generation (scale of income per producer): </u><br/>Artisanal stove production of both fixed and portable stoves in rural areas is often not a full time employment but a seasonal activity. In the agricultural off season, stoves are produced and sold. This is also the time when the customers have money based on the income from selling agricultural produces. Mechanized production centers tend to be permanent operating with full time employees. It is assumed that a full time employee receives a higher income from the stoves work as compared to a part time artisan.
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 [[Content of Planning Cooking Energy Interventions#toc|►Go to Top]]<br/>
 = Selection of Partners, Service Providers, Intermediaries<br/> =

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 All these differences influence the perception of the “convenience of use” by potential user groups.
 [[File:GIZ Diversity of improved cook stoves 2011.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Fig: Diversity of improved cook stoves|alt=GIZ Diversity of improved cook stoves 2011.jpg]]<div style="clear: both"></div>
 -> An overview on ICS examples is given here: [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Cooking Energy Technologies and Practices|cooking energy technologies and practices]].
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-[[File:GIZ range of ICS 2011.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Fig: Range of Improved Coostoves|alt=GIZ range of ICS 2011.jpg]]<br/>
+[[File:GIZ range of ICS 2011.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Fig: Range of Improved Coostoves|alt=GIZ range of ICS 2011.jpg]]<div style="clear: both"></div>
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 [[Content of Planning Cooking Energy Interventions#toc|►Go to Top]]<br/>
 = Selection of Production System<br/> =