Cogeneration - Revision history

Ranisha at 09:45, 9 August 2016

2016-08-09T09:45:34Z

Bertin Wagner: /* Overview */

2016-08-08T08:05:32Z

Overview

Bertin Wagner at 16:34, 27 June 2016

2016-06-27T16:34:30Z

Bertin Wagner at 16:29, 27 June 2016

2016-06-27T16:29:54Z

Bertin Wagner at 16:17, 27 June 2016

2016-06-27T16:17:19Z

Bertin Wagner at 16:08, 27 June 2016

2016-06-27T16:08:22Z

Hector Alfaro at 12:56, 24 June 2016

2016-06-24T12:56:28Z

Show changes

Bertin Wagner: /* Fuels */

2016-06-22T15:29:07Z

Fuels

Bertin Wagner at 15:28, 22 June 2016

2016-06-22T15:28:01Z

Bertin Wagner at 15:27, 22 June 2016

2016-06-22T15:27:58Z

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 = Overview<br/> =
@@ Line 7: / Line 6: @@
 Thermal power plants and heat engines in general, do not convert all of the available primary energy into electricity. In most heat engines, more than 50% of the primary energy is wasted as excess heat. By capturing the excess heat, CHP uses heat that would be wasted in a conventional power plant, potentially reaching an aggregate efficiency (electric and thermal) of 80% up to 95%, compared with at most 40% for the conventional plants. This means that less fuel needs to be consumed to produce the same amount of useful energy, or - as well - less pollution is produced for a given economic benefit. As there is such high potential in energy efficiency, cogeneration is considered to be an important contributor to climate change mitigation while offering economical as well as reliability benefits on energy supply.<br/>
-[[File:Separate Heat and Power Production vs. Cogeneration.JPG|center|600px|alt=asdfsdf]]
+[[File:Separate Heat and Power Production vs. Cogeneration.JPG|border|center|600pxpx|alt=asdfsdf]]
 = Applications =
@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 A "best practice" example&nbsp;for possible applications is&nbsp;shown by the&nbsp;integration of [[Best Practice: Cogeneration in Palm Oil Industry in Honduras|cogeneration technology in palm oil industry in Honduras]].<br/>
-[[File:Typical Applications for Cogen Technology.JPG|center|500px|alt=Typical Applications for Cogen Technology.JPG]]
+[[File:Typical Applications for Cogen Technology.JPG|border|center|500pxpx|alt=Typical Applications for Cogen Technology.JPG]]
 = Technology =
@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
 Cogen encompasses a wide range of proven technologies. Combined heat and power technologies can be divided into small scale applications, starting from some 1 kW el engines that are usually focused on thermal energy supply, up to large-scale power plants mainly focused on electric power production. These types of cogen plants can be differentiated by technology and feasible capacity, as illustrated below.
-[[File:Cogen Capacity Range per Technology.JPG|center|700px|alt=Cogen Capacity Range per Technology.JPG]]
+[[File:Cogen Capacity Range per Technology.JPG|border|center|700pxpx|alt=Cogen Capacity Range per Technology.JPG]]
 === Topping cycle and bottoming cycle ===

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 = Overview<br/> =
-'''Cogeneration''' or '''combined heat and power (CHP)''' is the use of a heat engine to simultaneously generate both electricity and useful heat. When, additionally, cooling&nbsp;energy ist provided by this system,&nbsp;it&nbsp;is referred to as [[Trigeneration|trigeneration]].&nbsp;Information provided in this article is mainly based on the [https://www.giz.de/fachexpertise/downloads/giz2016-en-energy-cogeneration-trigeneration-guide.pdf Cogeneration & Trigeneration Guide]&nbsp;<ref name="DFIC - Dr. Fromme International Consulting, published by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH:">DFIC - Dr. Fromme International Consulting, published by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH: "Cogeneration & Trigeneration - How to Produce Energy Efficiently", 2016, Eschborn, Germany, available here: https://www.giz.de/fachexpertise/html/13387.html </ref>&nbsp;published by GIZ.<br/>
+'''Cogeneration''' or '''combined heat and power (CHP)''' is the use of a heat engine to simultaneously generate both electricity and useful heat. When, additionally, cooling&nbsp;energy ist provided by this system,&nbsp;it&nbsp;is referred to as [[Trigeneration|trigeneration]].&nbsp;Information provided in this article is mainly based on the [https://www.giz.de/fachexpertise/downloads/2016-en-energy-cogeneration-trigeneration-guide.pdf Cogeneration & Trigeneration Guide]&nbsp;<ref name="DFIC - Dr. Fromme International Consulting, published by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH:">DFIC - Dr. Fromme International Consulting, published by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH: "Cogeneration & Trigeneration - How to Produce Energy Efficiently", 2016, Eschborn, Germany, available here: https://www.giz.de/fachexpertise/html/13387.html </ref>&nbsp;published by GIZ.<br/>
 Thermal power plants and heat engines in general, do not convert all of the available primary energy into electricity. In most heat engines, more than 50% of the primary energy is wasted as excess heat. By capturing the excess heat, CHP uses heat that would be wasted in a conventional power plant, potentially reaching an aggregate efficiency (electric and thermal) of 80% up to 95%, compared with at most 40% for the conventional plants. This means that less fuel needs to be consumed to produce the same amount of useful energy, or - as well - less pollution is produced for a given economic benefit. As there is such high potential in energy efficiency, cogeneration is considered to be an important contributor to climate change mitigation while offering economical as well as reliability benefits on energy supply.<br/>
 [[File:Separate Heat and Power Production vs. Cogeneration.JPG|center|600px|alt=asdfsdf]]
 = Applications =

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 = Overview<br/> =
-'''Cogeneration''' or '''combined heat and power (CHP)''' is the use of a heat engine to simultaneously generate both electricity and useful heat. Information provided in this article is mainly based on the [https://www.giz.de/fachexpertise/downloads/giz2016-en-energy-cogeneration-trigeneration-guide.pdf Cogeneration & Trigeneration Guide]&nbsp;<ref name="DFIC - Dr. Fromme International Consulting, published by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH:">DFIC - Dr. Fromme International Consulting, published by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH: "Cogeneration & Trigeneration - How to Produce Energy Efficiently", 2016, Eschborn, Germany, available here: https://www.giz.de/fachexpertise/html/13387.html </ref>&nbsp;published by GIZ.<br/>
+'''Cogeneration''' or '''combined heat and power (CHP)''' is the use of a heat engine to simultaneously generate both electricity and useful heat. When, additionally, cooling&nbsp;energy ist provided by this system,&nbsp;it&nbsp;is referred to as [[Trigeneration|trigeneration]].&nbsp;Information provided in this article is mainly based on the [https://www.giz.de/fachexpertise/downloads/giz2016-en-energy-cogeneration-trigeneration-guide.pdf Cogeneration & Trigeneration Guide]&nbsp;<ref name="DFIC - Dr. Fromme International Consulting, published by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH:">DFIC - Dr. Fromme International Consulting, published by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH: "Cogeneration & Trigeneration - How to Produce Energy Efficiently", 2016, Eschborn, Germany, available here: https://www.giz.de/fachexpertise/html/13387.html </ref>&nbsp;published by GIZ.<br/>
-Thermal power plants and heat engines in general, do not convert all of the available primary energy into electricity. In most heat engines, more than 50% of the primary energy is wasted as excess heat. By capturing the excess heat, CHP uses heat that would be wasted in a conventional power plant, potentially reaching an aggregate efficiency (electric and thermal) of 80% up to 95%, compared with at most 40% for the conventional plants. This means that less fuel needs to be consumed to produce the same amount of useful energy, or - as well - less pollution is produced for a given economic benefit. As there is such high potential in energy efficiency, cogeneration is considered to be an important contributor to climate change mitigation while offering economical as well as reliability benefits on energy supply.
+Thermal power plants and heat engines in general, do not convert all of the available primary energy into electricity. In most heat engines, more than 50% of the primary energy is wasted as excess heat. By capturing the excess heat, CHP uses heat that would be wasted in a conventional power plant, potentially reaching an aggregate efficiency (electric and thermal) of 80% up to 95%, compared with at most 40% for the conventional plants. This means that less fuel needs to be consumed to produce the same amount of useful energy, or - as well - less pollution is produced for a given economic benefit. As there is such high potential in energy efficiency, cogeneration is considered to be an important contributor to climate change mitigation while offering economical as well as reliability benefits on energy supply.<br/>
 [[File:Separate Heat and Power Production vs. Cogeneration.JPG|center|600px|alt=asdfsdf]]
@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 Obviously, cogeneration plants are ideally suited for on-site generation and thus can be an important building block for the establishment of an energy system based on distributed generation. System capacities depend on the field of application, but usually range between a few kilowatts electric (kW<sub>el</sub>) up to 20 megawatts electric (MW<sub>el</sub>) when regarding projects related to international development cooperation. &nbsp;<br/>
-A "best practice" example&nbsp;for possible applications is&nbsp;shown by the&nbsp;integration of [[Best_Practice:_Cogeneration_in_Palm_Oil_Industry_in_Honduras|cogeneration technology in palm oil industry in Honduras]].<br/>
+A "best practice" example&nbsp;for possible applications is&nbsp;shown by the&nbsp;integration of [[Best Practice: Cogeneration in Palm Oil Industry in Honduras|cogeneration technology in palm oil industry in Honduras]].<br/>
 [[File:Typical Applications for Cogen Technology.JPG|center|500px|alt=Typical Applications for Cogen Technology.JPG]]
@@ Line 77: / Line 77: @@
 <references />
 [[Category:Heating]]

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 = Overview<br/> =
-'''Cogeneration''' or '''combined heat and power (CHP)''' is the use of a heat engine to simultaneously generate both electricity and useful heat. Information provided in this article is mainly based on the [https://www.giz.de/fachexpertise/downloads/giz2016-en-energy-cogeneration-trigeneration-guide.pdf Cogeneration & Trigeneration Guide]&nbsp;<ref name="DFIC - Dr. Fromme International Consulting, published by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH: ">DFIC - Dr. Fromme International Consulting, published by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH: "Cogeneration & Trigeneration - How to Produce Energy Efficiently", 2016, Eschborn, Germany, available here: https://www.giz.de/fachexpertise/html/13387.html </ref>&nbsp;published by GIZ.<br/>
+'''Cogeneration''' or '''combined heat and power (CHP)''' is the use of a heat engine to simultaneously generate both electricity and useful heat. Information provided in this article is mainly based on the [https://www.giz.de/fachexpertise/downloads/giz2016-en-energy-cogeneration-trigeneration-guide.pdf Cogeneration & Trigeneration Guide]&nbsp;<ref name="DFIC - Dr. Fromme International Consulting, published by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH:">DFIC - Dr. Fromme International Consulting, published by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH: "Cogeneration & Trigeneration - How to Produce Energy Efficiently", 2016, Eschborn, Germany, available here: https://www.giz.de/fachexpertise/html/13387.html </ref>&nbsp;published by GIZ.<br/>
 Thermal power plants and heat engines in general, do not convert all of the available primary energy into electricity. In most heat engines, more than 50% of the primary energy is wasted as excess heat. By capturing the excess heat, CHP uses heat that would be wasted in a conventional power plant, potentially reaching an aggregate efficiency (electric and thermal) of 80% up to 95%, compared with at most 40% for the conventional plants. This means that less fuel needs to be consumed to produce the same amount of useful energy, or - as well - less pollution is produced for a given economic benefit. As there is such high potential in energy efficiency, cogeneration is considered to be an important contributor to climate change mitigation while offering economical as well as reliability benefits on energy supply.
@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 Cogeneration technology is applicable in a wide range of sector segments as shown in the figure below. For instance, cogeneration plants are commonly found in central [[:category:Heating|heating]] systems for hospitals, hotels and industrial plants with large heating needs adding to their electricity demand.
-Another field of application with high potential is the use within the [[Bioenergy in Powering Agriculture|powering agriculture]] context: By employing cogeneration technology, food processing plants can utilize biomass by-products to generate heat and power, which in return can be used for the production process.
+Another field of application with high potential is the use within the [[Bioenergy in Powering Agriculture|powering agriculture]] context: By employing cogeneration technology, food processing plants can utilize biomass by-products to generate heat and power, which in return can be used for the production process..&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>
-Obviously, cogeneration plants are ideally suited for on-site generation and thus can be an important building block for the establishment of an energy system based on distributed generation. System capacities depend on the field of application, but usually range between a few kilowatts electric (kW<sub>el</sub>) up to 20 megawatts electric (MW<sub>el</sub>) when regarding projects related to international development cooperation.
+Obviously, cogeneration plants are ideally suited for on-site generation and thus can be an important building block for the establishment of an energy system based on distributed generation. System capacities depend on the field of application, but usually range between a few kilowatts electric (kW<sub>el</sub>) up to 20 megawatts electric (MW<sub>el</sub>) when regarding projects related to international development cooperation. &nbsp;<br/>
 [[File:Typical Applications for Cogen Technology.JPG|center|500px|alt=Typical Applications for Cogen Technology.JPG]]
@@ Line 75: / Line 77: @@
 <references />
 [[Category:Biomass]]

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 = Overview<br/> =
-'''Cogeneration''' or '''combined heat and power (CHP)''' is the use of a heat engine to simultaneously generate both electricity and useful heat. Information provided in this article is mainly based on the [https://www.giz.de/fachexpertise/downloads/giz2016-en-energy-cogeneration-trigeneration-guide.pdf Cogeneration & Trigeneration Guide]&nbsp;<ref name="DFIC - Dr. Fromme International Consulting, published by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH: ">DFIC - Dr. Fromme International Consulting, published by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH: "Cogeneration & Trigeneration - How to Produce Energy Efficiently", 2016, Eschborn, Germany </ref>&nbsp;published by GIZ.<br/>
+'''Cogeneration''' or '''combined heat and power (CHP)''' is the use of a heat engine to simultaneously generate both electricity and useful heat. Information provided in this article is mainly based on the [https://www.giz.de/fachexpertise/downloads/giz2016-en-energy-cogeneration-trigeneration-guide.pdf Cogeneration & Trigeneration Guide]&nbsp;<ref name="DFIC - Dr. Fromme International Consulting, published by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH: ">DFIC - Dr. Fromme International Consulting, published by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH: "Cogeneration & Trigeneration - How to Produce Energy Efficiently", 2016, Eschborn, Germany, available here: https://www.giz.de/fachexpertise/html/13387.html </ref>&nbsp;published by GIZ.<br/>
 Thermal power plants and heat engines in general, do not convert all of the available primary energy into electricity. In most heat engines, more than 50% of the primary energy is wasted as excess heat. By capturing the excess heat, CHP uses heat that would be wasted in a conventional power plant, potentially reaching an aggregate efficiency (electric and thermal) of 80% up to 95%, compared with at most 40% for the conventional plants. This means that less fuel needs to be consumed to produce the same amount of useful energy, or - as well - less pollution is produced for a given economic benefit. As there is such high potential in energy efficiency, cogeneration is considered to be an important contributor to climate change mitigation while offering economical as well as reliability benefits on energy supply.
@@ Line 75: / Line 75: @@
 <references />
 [[Category:Heating]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Cogeneration''' or '''combined heat and power (CHP)''' is the use of a heat engine to simultaneously generate both electricity and useful heat.
+= Overview<br/> =
 Thermal power plants and heat engines in general, do not convert all of the available primary energy into electricity. In most heat engines, more than 50% of the primary energy is wasted as excess heat. By capturing the excess heat, CHP uses heat that would be wasted in a conventional power plant, potentially reaching an aggregate efficiency (electric and thermal) of 80% up to 95%, compared with at most 40% for the conventional plants. This means that less fuel needs to be consumed to produce the same amount of useful energy, or - as well - less pollution is produced for a given economic benefit. As there is such high potential in energy efficiency, cogeneration is considered to be an important contributor to climate change mitigation while offering economical as well as reliability benefits on energy supply.
@@ Line 11: / Line 12: @@
 Cogeneration technology is applicable in a wide range of sector segments as shown in the figure below. For instance, cogeneration plants are commonly found in central [[:category:Heating|heating]] systems for hospitals, hotels and industrial plants with large heating needs adding to their electricity demand.
 Another field of application with high potential is the use within the [[Bioenergy in Powering Agriculture|powering agriculture]] context: By employing cogeneration technology, food processing plants can utilize biomass by-products to generate heat and power, which in return can be used for the production process.
 Obviously, cogeneration plants are ideally suited for on-site generation and thus can be an important building block for the establishment of an energy system based on distributed generation. System capacities depend on the field of application, but usually range between a few kilowatts electric (kW<sub>el</sub>) up to 20 megawatts electric (MW<sub>el</sub>) when regarding projects related to international development cooperation.
@@ Line 21: / Line 22: @@
 === Capacity ranges and common technologies ===
 Cogen encompasses a wide range of proven technologies. Combined heat and power technologies can be divided into small scale applications, starting from some 1 kW el engines that are usually focused on thermal energy supply, up to large-scale power plants mainly focused on electric power production. These types of cogen plants can be differentiated by technology and feasible capacity, as illustrated below.
 [[File:Cogen Capacity Range per Technology.JPG|center|700px|alt=Cogen Capacity Range per Technology.JPG]]
@@ Line 27: / Line 28: @@
 === Topping cycle and bottoming cycle ===
 In general, one can differentiate between two basic principles:
 #Topping cycle - produces electricity first, and then the exhausted steam is used for heating. The hot water from condensed steam is well-suited for space and water heating.
@@ Line 34: / Line 35: @@
 === Fuels ===
 As possible plant sizes vary depending on the technology, so does the choice of fuel. Waste heat recovery and thus cogeneration can be operated in all types of combustion processes and fuels. The choice of fuel is subject to fuel availability and costs as well as technological and economic optimisation. Common types of fuels are:
 *Coal
 *Natural gas
 *Heating oil
 *Vegetable oil
 *Bioethanol
 *Biogas
 *Biomass
 *Municipal waste
-Coal is the dominant fuel for large-scale cogen (> 50 MW  el) in the power sector, whereas natural gas and biomass are common in smaller-scale applications.
+Coal is the dominant fuel for large-scale cogen (> 50 MW el) in the power sector, whereas natural gas and biomass are common in smaller-scale applications.
-Not listed above for lack of a real fuel, cogeneration can also be applied to steam turbines being part of a [[Concentrating_Solar_Power_(CSP)_-_Basics_and_Introduction|concentrated solar power (CSP)]] plant.
+Not listed above for lack of a real fuel, cogeneration can also be applied to steam turbines being part of a [[Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) - Basics and Introduction|concentrated solar power (CSP)]] plant.
 === Efficiency ===
 The efficiency of cogeneration can vary with technology, dimensions, boundary conditions and fuels, but high efficiency gains of 30% and more compared to separate generation of heat and power are common. It is important to mention that this efficiency relates to the aggregate - electric an thermal - efficiency.
-The influence of boundary conditions on system efficiency can be illustrated by a simple example:  CHP is most efficient when the heat can be used on-site or very close to it. Overall efficiency is reduced when the heat must be transported over longer distances. This requires heavily insulated pipes, which are expensive and inefficient.
+The influence of boundary conditions on system efficiency can be illustrated by a simple example: CHP is most efficient when the heat can be used on-site or very close to it. Overall efficiency is reduced when the heat must be transported over longer distances. This requires heavily insulated pipes, which are expensive and inefficient.
 = Benefits and Relevance =
@@ Line 68: / Line 69: @@
 *[http://www.localpower.org/ localpower.org]
-= References =
+= References<br/> =
 <references />
 [[Category:Biomass]]

@@ Line 48: / Line 48: @@
 <br/>
 === Fuels<br/> ===
-<font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="2"><font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="2">As possible plant sizes vary depending on the technology, so does the choice of fuel.</font></font><font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="2"><font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="2">Waste heat recovery and thus cogeneration can be operated in all types of combustion</font></font><font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="2"><font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="2">processes and fuels.</font></font><font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="2"><font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="2">The choice of fuel is subject to fuel availability</font></font><font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="2"><font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="2">and costs</font></font><font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="2"><font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="2">as well as technological and economic optimisation. Common types of fuels are:</font></font><br/>
+<font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="2"><font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="2">As possible plant sizes vary depending on the technology, so does the choice of fuel. Waste heat recovery and thus cogeneration can be operated in all types of combustion</font></font><font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="2"><font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="2">processes and fuels.</font></font><font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="2"><font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="2">The choice of fuel is subject to fuel availability</font></font><font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="2"><font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="2">and costs</font></font><font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="2"><font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="2">as well as technological and economic optimisation. Common types of fuels are:</font></font><br/>
 *<font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="2"><font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="2">Coal</font></font><br/>
@@ Line 64: / Line 65: @@
 <font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="2"><font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="2">Coal is the dominant fuel for large-scale cogen (> 50 MW</font></font><font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="1"><font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="1">el</font></font><font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="2"><font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="2">) in the power sector, whereas</font></font><font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="2"><font lang="ja" face="bundesserif-regular" size="2">natural gas and biomass are common in smaller-scale applications.</font></font><br/>
-<font size="2">Not listed above&nbsp;for lack of a real fuel, cogeneration can also be applied to steam turbines being part of a [[Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) - Basics and Introduction|concentrated solar power (CSP)]]&nbsp;plant.</font><br/><br/>
+<font size="2">Not listed above&nbsp;for lack of a real fuel, cogeneration can also be applied to steam turbines being part of a [[Concentrating_Solar_Power_(CSP)_-_Basics_and_Introduction|concentrated solar power (CSP)]]&nbsp;plant.</font><br/>
 <br/>
 === Efficiency<br/> ===

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:28, 22 June 2016
Line 100:		Line 100:

	<references />		<references />
		+
		+	[[Category:Heating]]
		+	[[Category:Cooling]]
		+	[[Category:Cogeneration]]
		+	[[Category:Energy_Efficiency]]
		+	[[Category:Powering_Agriculture]]
		+	[[Category:Biomass]]