Biofuel: Jatropha - Revision history

Ranisha: Undo revision 84370 by Ranisha (talk)

2014-11-12T14:47:27Z

Undo revision 84370 by Ranisha (*****)

Ranisha: Undo revision 84370 by Ranisha Basnet (talk)

2014-10-10T13:21:56Z

Undo revision 84370 by Ranisha Basnet (*****)

Wiki Gardener at 13:46, 30 September 2014

2014-09-30T13:46:33Z

Wiki Gardener at 13:45, 30 September 2014

2014-09-30T13:45:35Z

Wiki Gardener at 13:41, 30 September 2014

2014-09-30T13:41:42Z

Ranisha: Ranisha Basnet moved page Jatropha to Biofuel: Jatropha

2014-09-18T11:06:19Z

Ranisha Basnet moved page Jatropha to Biofuel: Jatropha

Harpreet Singh Dhir at 09:19, 18 February 2014

2014-02-18T09:19:56Z

Harpreet Singh Dhir at 09:12, 18 February 2014

2014-02-18T09:12:30Z

Harpreet Singh Dhir at 09:11, 18 February 2014

2014-02-18T09:11:55Z

Harpreet Singh Dhir at 09:06, 18 February 2014

2014-02-18T09:06:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:47, 12 November 2014
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		+	[[Category:Biofuel]]
		+	[[Category:Cambodia]]
		+	[[Category:Lessons_Learned]]
	[[Category:Vegetable_Oil]]		[[Category:Vegetable_Oil]]
−	~~[[Category:Lessons_Learned]]~~
−	~~[[Category:Cambodia]]~~
−	~~[[Category:Biofuel]]~~

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 = Overview<br/> =
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 <references />
 [[Category:Biofuel]]

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 <br/>
-=== Jatropha Oil Extraction<br/> ===
+'''Jatropha Oil Extraction:'''<br/>
 Before extraction, the seeds are is usually dried and cleaned. Cleaning the seed is to eliminate foreign material that may damage the oil extraction machine, while heating the seeds by leaving them in the sun or by roasting them gently for ten minutes, improving oil extraction efficiency of the hand expellers. Oil extraction can be done by both hand and machine. Traditional oil extraction methods are highly labour intensive, requiring some 12 hours to produce one litre of oil. The process requires roasting the seed kernels, pounding them to a paste, adding water and boiling, and then separating the oil by skimming and filtering.
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 == Experiences from Cambodia<br/> ==
-Due to very high diesel prices (more than 1.25 USD per liter), rural electrification with jatropha, which is already used in [[Cambodia_Energy_Situation|Cambodia]], seemed an interesting option to try.
+Due to very high diesel prices (more than 1.25 USD per liter), rural electrification with jatropha, which is already used in [[Cambodia Energy Situation|Cambodia]], seemed an interesting option to try.
 In the rural community of Poy Char around 1,300 people (360 households) benefit from a mini-grid operated by a '''Rural Electricity Enterprisse (REE)''', where affordable electricity is partly generated through locally planted and processed jatropha oil (currently 20%, will be increased to up to 30% next year). Thus, the population of Poy Char has – for the first time – access to grid electricity (5-6hrs/day, this will be extended if demand is sufficient). The population benefits from improved lighting (CFL instead of kerosene lamps) and the usage of other electrical appliances (e.g. b/w t.v.), which improve their living condition. Thanks to the jatropha share, which will be increased further, electricity costs are lower in Poy Char than in communities nearby where power is generated by 100% diesel. Also, farmers have an additional income opportunity by planting jatropha. First signs of productive use of electricity have been registered, for example usage of light for additional income generating activities in the evening (tailoring, repairing, teaching, etc.).
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 *[http://www.jatropha.de jatropha.de]
 *[[:File:DE Jatropha Wunderpflanzer Sackgasse oder Neuanfang, Dokumentation Netzwerktreffen Bioenergie für Entwicklung 2 Jatropha.pdf|Jatropha: Wunderpflanze, Sackgasse oder Neuanfang?]] (*German)
-*[[Stove_by_BSH_(protos)|Stove by BSH (protos)]]
+*[[Stove by BSH (protos)|Stove by BSH (protos)]]
 <br/>
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 <references />
 [[Category:Vegetable_Oil]]

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-{{Revision|This article is very short. If this is an interesting topic then add some more information, for example What is Jatropha?, What are its advantages / disadvantages?.}}
+= Overview<br/> =
 Jatropha is a feedstock for biofuels. It can be grown in very poor soils actually generating top soil as it goes, is drought and pest resilient, and it has seeds with up to 40% oil content.
-[[File:Jatropha Seeds.jpg|right|200px|alt=Jatropha Seeds.jpg]]Here are some facts and figures about Jatropha relating to its growth as an oil product:
+[[File:Jatropha Seeds.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Jatropha Seeds (Ethiopia, BSH - protos project)|alt=Jatropha Seeds.jpg]]<u>Here are some facts and figures about Jatropha relating to its growth as an oil product:</u>
+*Jatropha grows well on low fertility soils however increased yields can be obtained using a fertilizer containing small amounts of magnesium, sulphur, and calcium.
-- Jatropha grows well on low fertility soils however increased yields can be obtained using a fertilizer containing small amounts of magnesium, sulphur, and calcium.<br/>- Jatropha can be intercropped with many cash crops such as coffee, sugar, fruits and vegetables with the Jatropha offering both fertilizer and protection against livestock.<br/>- Jatropha needs at least 600mm of rain annually to thrive however it can survive three years of drought by dropping its leaves.<br/>- Jatropha is excellent at preventing soil erosion, and the leaves it drops act as a wonderful soil enriching mulch.<br/>- Jatropha prefers alkaline soils.<ref name="http://www.reuk.co.uk/Jatropha-for-Biodiesel-Figures.htm">http://www.reuk.co.uk/Jatropha-for-Biodiesel-Figures.htm</ref>
+*Jatropha can be intercropped with many cash crops such as coffee, sugar, fruits and vegetables with the Jatropha offering both fertilizer and protection against livestock.
 <br/>
@@ Line 66: / Line 65: @@
 == Experiences from Cambodia<br/> ==
-Due to very high diesel prices (more than 1.25 USD per liter), rural electrification with jatropha, which is already used in Cambodia, seemed an interesting option to try.
+Due to very high diesel prices (more than 1.25 USD per liter), rural electrification with jatropha, which is already used in [[Cambodia_Energy_Situation|Cambodia]], seemed an interesting option to try.
-In the rural community of Poy Char around 1,300 people (360 households) benefit from a mini-grid operated by a Rural Electricity Enterprisse (REE), where affordable electricity is partly generated through locally planted and processed jatropha oil (currently 20%, will be increased to up to 30% next year). Thus, the population of Poy Char has – for the first time – access to grid electricity (5-6hrs/day, this will be extended if demand is sufficient). The population benefits from improved lighting (CFL instead of kerosene lamps) and the usage of other electrical appliances (e.g. b/w t.v.), which improve their living condition. Thanks to the jatropha share, which will be increased further, electricity costs are lower in Poy Char than in communities nearby where power is generated by 100% diesel. Also, farmers have an additional income opportunity by planting jatropha. First signs of productive use of electricity have been registered, for example usage of light for additional income generating activities in the evening (tailoring, repairing, teaching, etc.).
+In the rural community of Poy Char around 1,300 people (360 households) benefit from a mini-grid operated by a '''Rural Electricity Enterprisse (REE)''', where affordable electricity is partly generated through locally planted and processed jatropha oil (currently 20%, will be increased to up to 30% next year). Thus, the population of Poy Char has – for the first time – access to grid electricity (5-6hrs/day, this will be extended if demand is sufficient). The population benefits from improved lighting (CFL instead of kerosene lamps) and the usage of other electrical appliances (e.g. b/w t.v.), which improve their living condition. Thanks to the jatropha share, which will be increased further, electricity costs are lower in Poy Char than in communities nearby where power is generated by 100% diesel. Also, farmers have an additional income opportunity by planting jatropha. First signs of productive use of electricity have been registered, for example usage of light for additional income generating activities in the evening (tailoring, repairing, teaching, etc.).
 To increase the share of jatropha, farmer contracts have recently been signed between the operator of the REE and farmers growing jatropha in order to increase planning reliability on both sides. Through this, additional 20 ha of jatropha could be planted and the harvesting of existing fields was intensified. Technical assistance with regards to jatropha growing, pruning and harvesting methods as well as with regards to the generator and the business management of the REE (marketing, book keeping, etc.) have been provided. A jatropha focal person was named, who supports farmers with information on growing jatropha, facilitates jatropha trading and builds awareness within the community.
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 *[http://www.jatropha-alliance.org www.jatropha-alliance.org] and its [http://www.jatropha-alliance.org/fileadmin/documents/knowledgepool/Rijssenbeek_Jatropha_Handbook.pdf Jatropha Handbook]
 *[http://www.snvworld.org/en/Documents/FACT_Foundation_Jatropha_Handbook_2010.pdf Fact Foundation Jatropha Handbook]
-*[http://www.jatrophabook.com www.jatrophabook.com]
+*[http://www.jatrophabook.com jatrophabook.com]
-*[http://www.jatropha.de www.jatropha.de]
+*[http://www.jatropha.de jatropha.de]
-*<u>German:</u> [[:File:DE Jatropha Wunderpflanzer Sackgasse oder Neuanfang, Dokumentation Netzwerktreffen Bioenergie für Entwicklung 2 Jatropha.pdf|Jatropha: Wunderpflanze, Sackgasse oder Neuanfang?]]
+*[[:File:DE Jatropha Wunderpflanzer Sackgasse oder Neuanfang, Dokumentation Netzwerktreffen Bioenergie für Entwicklung 2 Jatropha.pdf|Jatropha: Wunderpflanze, Sackgasse oder Neuanfang?]] (*German)
 <br/>
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 <references />
 [[Category:Biofuel]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:41, 30 September 2014
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		+	[[Category:Biofuel]]
		+	[[Category:Deletion_Proposed]]
		+	[[Category:Cambodia]]
	[[Category:Vegetable_Oil]]		[[Category:Vegetable_Oil]]
−	~~[[Category:Cambodia]]~~
−	~~[[Category:Biofuel]]~~

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 Local jatropha planting, harvesting and processing has promoted in the village, with support of the monk, the school teacher and plantation owners, planting trainings have been held and villagers were trained in the handling of the plants. The operator and new focal point for jatropha are the main driving forces for jatropha activities in Paoy Char.
 === Electricity ===
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 *The seedcake is sold as fertilizer (1300kg sold in 2011 to farmers for fruit crops plantation)
 *2700 KWh (6rs/day - 2hrs morning (30kW), 4hrs evening (70 kW)
 === Jatropha Plantation ===
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 *the yields are still very low as th eplant are still young, cultivation has not been well and deseases and floods have negativley affected the plants (250 kg/month or 490 l/month - no fruits in fall 2011 because of the flooding
 *likely connection to the grid to come - question of PPA for operator or shift to a new location
 === Economic Activity ===
 *So far, economic activity created through the availability of electricity has been marginal (evening tailor shop/teaching/repairing)
 === Challenges and Lessons Learnt ===
@@ Line 111: / Line 119: @@
 *Ensure ownership and sustainability – especially when dealing with electricity, a long-term perspective needs to be adopted, i.e. that ownership and sustainability have to be ensured as economic benefits will only show after some time. Not only the commune – both the private (future) users of the service, but also the public side – has to be involved; but more important, engage the private sector! A private company will only invest if it sees benefits in the project; hence engaging it in a public-private partnership makes sense to guarantee future involvement, even after the project’s end
 *Provide trainings – it’s a new service, a new technology, which requires training for the villagers not only about the technical aspects, but also about safety measures. At the same time, possibilities of how electricity can be used for economic activities beyond TV and karaoke should be introduced– e.g. providing training to sewers on how to increase their productivity with electric sewing machines. This will ensure that the new local electricity grid will contribute to the creation of jobs and the generation of income; hence, to economic development and eventually poverty alleviation.
 === Conclusion ===
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 <references />
 [[Category:Biofuel]]

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 = Introduction<br/> =
-Jatropha is a [https://energypedia.info/Feedstock feedstock] for [https://energypedia.info/Biofuel biofuels]. [[File:Jatropha Seeds.jpg|right|200px|alt=Jatropha Seeds.jpg]]
+Jatropha is a feedstock for biofuels. It can be grown in very poor soils actually generating top soil as it goes, is drought and pest resilient, and it has seeds with up to 40% oil content.
-Jatropha curcas is a non-edible seeds bearing tree. The tree can grow in dry, arid land (e.g. marginal, low-fertility land) but is sensitive to humidity (e.g. flooding). As Jatropha curcas is not browsed by animals, it is traditionally often used as a natural fence.
+[[File:Jatropha Seeds.jpg|right|200px|alt=Jatropha Seeds.jpg]]Here are some facts and figures about Jatropha relating to its growth as an oil product:
-<br/>
+- Jatropha grows well on low fertility soils however increased yields can be obtained using a fertilizer containing small amounts of magnesium, sulphur, and calcium.<br/>- Jatropha can be intercropped with many cash crops such as coffee, sugar, fruits and vegetables with the Jatropha offering both fertilizer and protection against livestock.<br/>- Jatropha needs at least 600mm of rain annually to thrive however it can survive three years of drought by dropping its leaves.<br/>- Jatropha is excellent at preventing soil erosion, and the leaves it drops act as a wonderful soil enriching mulch.<br/>- Jatropha prefers alkaline soils.<ref name="http://www.reuk.co.uk/Jatropha-for-Biodiesel-Figures.htm">http://www.reuk.co.uk/Jatropha-for-Biodiesel-Figures.htm</ref>
 = Jatropha Growing<br/> =
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 '''Jatropha oil''' is a plant oil with some similar physical and chemical properties to diesel, which is why it is possible to run diesel engines on jatropha oil after some adaptations. The oil content of jatropha seeds is around 30-35%, so around 3 kg of seeds deliver one liter of oil.
 *calorific content: Jatropha oil has a 7% lower calorific content than diesel. A greater quantity of Jatropha oil is needed when switching from diesel to jatropha oil.
 *viscosity: Jatropha has a higher viscosity than fossil-fuel based diesel. Hence, at lower temperatures (in ares with colder climates) this can cause problems when running a diesel engines, especially during the start-up phase when both the engine and the fuel are relativly cool. More stress is put on the fuel pump, the filter and injectors. By installing heating coils around the fuel lines, this problem can be mitigated.
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 = Further Information<br/> =
-*For further information see [[Electricity_Generation_from_Vegetable_Oils|Electricity Generation from Vegetable Oils]].
+*For further information see [[Electricity Generation from Vegetable Oils|Electricity Generation from Vegetable Oils]].
 *[http://www.jatropha-alliance.org www.jatropha-alliance.org] and its [http://www.jatropha-alliance.org/fileadmin/documents/knowledgepool/Rijssenbeek_Jatropha_Handbook.pdf Jatropha Handbook]
 *[http://www.snvworld.org/en/Documents/FACT_Foundation_Jatropha_Handbook_2010.pdf Fact Foundation Jatropha Handbook]
 *[http://www.jatrophabook.com www.jatrophabook.com]
 *[http://www.jatropha.de www.jatropha.de]
-*<u>German:</u> [[:File:DE_Jatropha_Wunderpflanzer_Sackgasse_oder_Neuanfang,_Dokumentation_Netzwerktreffen_Bioenergie_für_Entwicklung_2_Jatropha.pdf|Jatropha: Wunderpflanze, Sackgasse oder Neuanfang?]]
+*<u>German:</u> [[:File:DE Jatropha Wunderpflanzer Sackgasse oder Neuanfang, Dokumentation Netzwerktreffen Bioenergie für Entwicklung 2 Jatropha.pdf|Jatropha: Wunderpflanze, Sackgasse oder Neuanfang?]]
 = References =
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 <references />
 [[Category:Vegetable_Oil]]