Benin Energy Situation - Revision history

Hector Alfaro at 08:23, 12 February 2024

2024-02-12T08:23:43Z

Lisafeldmann at 08:32, 14 September 2023

2023-09-14T08:32:32Z

Lisafeldmann at 08:14, 14 September 2023

2023-09-14T08:14:41Z

Katharina Telfser: /* Further Information */

2020-09-11T14:42:58Z

Further Information

Johanna at 14:53, 11 March 2020

2020-03-11T14:53:32Z

Ahmed El-Sherbini at 13:04, 21 January 2020

2020-01-21T13:04:52Z

Ranisha at 19:21, 10 July 2018

2018-07-10T19:21:04Z

Ranisha at 12:20, 9 July 2018

2018-07-09T12:20:30Z

Ranisha: /* Further Information */

2016-09-09T14:04:49Z

Further Information

Admin at 14:22, 17 June 2016

2016-06-17T14:22:24Z

@@ Line 127: / Line 127: @@
 = Further Information =
 *[[Portal:Countries|Country portal on energypedia]]
 *[[Rural Electrification in Benin *French*|Rural Electrification in Benin (French)]]

@@ Line 131: / Line 131: @@
 *USAID Power Africa: [https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1860/Benin_-_November_2018_Country_Fact_Sheet.pdf Benin Factsheet]&nbsp;
 *Case study: "[[:File:Analysis_of_Quality_Infrastructure_Services_Offered_in_Benin_and_Potential_for_Development.pdf|Analysis of Quality Infrastructure offered in Benin and Potential for Development]]" with insights into quality assurance for renewable energies in the context of climate change mitigation and adpation; as part of the publication "[[:File:Quality_Infrastructure_for_Climate_Change_Mitigation_and_Adaptation_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa.pdf|Quality Infrastructure for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change: Potentials, Opportunities and Chances in Sub-Saharan Africa]]." PTB, 2019
 <br/>

@@ Line 131: / Line 131: @@
 *USAID Power Africa: [https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1860/Benin_-_November_2018_Country_Fact_Sheet.pdf Benin Factsheet]&nbsp;
 *Case study: "[[:File:Analysis_of_Quality_Infrastructure_Services_Offered_in_Benin_and_Potential_for_Development.pdf|Analysis of Quality Infrastructure offered in Benin and Potential for Development]]" with insights into quality assurance for renewable energies in the context of climate change mitigation and adpation; as part of the publication "[[:File:Quality_Infrastructure_for_Climate_Change_Mitigation_and_Adaptation_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa.pdf|Quality Infrastructure for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change: Potentials, Opportunities and Chances in Sub-Saharan Africa]]." PTB, 2019
 <br/>
 = References =

@@ Line 123: / Line 123: @@
 *Check out the mapping at https://electrifynow.energydata.info/countries/BJ/models
 = Further Information =
@@ Line 129: / Line 130: @@
 *[[Rural Electrification in Benin *French*|Rural Electrification in Benin (French)]]
 *USAID Power Africa: [https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1860/Benin_-_November_2018_Country_Fact_Sheet.pdf Benin Factsheet]&nbsp;
 <br/>
 = References =

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:53, 11 March 2020
Line 117:		Line 117:

	The European Union is supporting the « Centre d'Information et de Contrôle (CIC) » of the West African Power Pool.		The European Union is supporting the « Centre d'Information et de Contrôle (CIC) » of the West African Power Pool.
		+
		+	== Energy Planning ==
		+
		+	With the help of the the Open Source Spatial Electrification Tool (OnSSET) 21 electrification pathways were examined for Benin in 2018. The tool leverages geo-spatial information and uses a least-cost approach to identify the most cost effective electrification solution in each settlement. Results show that 58-92% of the population in 2030 is expected to receive electricity from the grid. The remaining 8-42% is expected to gain electricity access through mini-grids or stand-alone systems. The total investment cost required to achieve universal electrification in Benin by 2030, ranges from 1.2 to 5.9 billion USD, depending on the level of service provided and technology cost developments.<ref>ELECTRIFICATION PATHWAYS FOR BENINA spatial electrification analysis based on the Open Source Spatial Electrification Tool (OnSSET). 2018. http://www.onsset.org/uploads/1/8/5/0/18504136/electrification_pathways_for_benin.pdf</ref>
		+
		+	*Check out the mapping at https://electrifynow.energydata.info/countries/BJ/models

	= Further Information =		= Further Information =

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{CES Country|CES Country Name=Benin
 |CES Country Capital=Porto Novo
@@ Line 4: / Line 5: @@
 |CES Country Coordinates=6.4667° N, 2.6000° E
 }}
 = Introduction =
@@ Line 10: / Line 12: @@
 [[Benin Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]]
 = Energy Situation =
@@ Line 32: / Line 35: @@
 However, main issues in the energy sector are as follows:
 *Non-sustainable use of biomass: Around 80% of the population depends on the use of biomass for cooking needs. While consumption has increased between 1997 and 2002 at an annual rate of 5 %, forest areas were reduced by 22.8 % (i.e. 1.2 million hectares) from 1990 to 2010 (FAO). Since 2004, there is an overall shortfall in the supply of fuel wood energy at the national level, with wide variation at the regional level. This results in a massive degradation of forest resources.
-*Low access rate to electricity in rural areas: while the national power board SBEE has increased the electrification rate in urban areas from 20 to 52.4 % since 1990, only 2 % of rural areas are connected to the grid. At the same time, around 60% of the population lives in rural areas.
+*Non-sustainable use of biomass: Around 80% of the population depends on the use of biomass for cooking needs. While consumption has increased between 1997 and 2002 at an annual rate of 5&nbsp;%, forest areas were reduced by 22.8&nbsp;% (i.e. 1.2 million hectares) from 1990 to 2010 (FAO). Since 2004, there is an overall shortfall in the supply of fuel wood energy at the national level, with wide variation at the regional level. This results in a massive degradation of forest resources.
 *Electricity generation constraints Since early 2007,Benin has been going through an energy crisis due to curtailed supply from its neighbors Ghana and Cote d’Ivoire. Lack of operational capacity at the distribution utility SBEE did reinforce the crisis. Following a brief recovery at the end of 2007 after the rainy season, in mid-2008 Benin was again subject to energy shortages. However, the long term stability in the target region is assured. The reasons are ongoing investments in transmission lines interconnecting North and South Benin, Benin and Togo as well as Benin and Nigeria and the intended extension of generation capacities conducted by '''Compagnie Electrique du Bénin (CEB)'''.
 [[Benin Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]]
 == Key Problems Hampering Access to Electricity ==
@@ Line 68: / Line 82: @@
 *'''Objectifs SARL '''which is selling Sun King products of the US company greenlight planet
 = Policy Framework, Laws and Regulations =
@@ Line 74: / Line 89: @@
 The overall energy strategy can be summarised as follows:
 *strengthening the legal and institutional framework;
 *ensuring reliable electricity supply to support economic activities and achieve the national energy security and an efficient energy delivery system with an optimal energy resource mix;
@@ Line 80: / Line 96: @@
 *promoting energy efficiency in all sector.
-Regarding rural electrification, it aims at providing 150 villages p.a. with access to electricity in order to achieve a rural electrification rate of 30–40 % by 2015. Furthermore, promoting the dissemination of improved stoves and other renewable domestic energy sources are additional objectives of the strategy to tackle the energy challenges in rural areas.
+Regarding rural electrification, it aims at providing 150 villages p.a. with access to electricity in order to achieve a rural electrification rate of 30–40&nbsp;% by 2015. Furthermore, promoting the dissemination of improved stoves and other renewable domestic energy sources are additional objectives of the strategy to tackle the energy challenges in rural areas.
 In the run of the energy sector reform, which gained considerable momentum in recent months (mainly due to growing World Bank interest in the sector), the establishment of a Rural Electrification Fund is being discussed. It shall incorporate a concession model with minimum subsidy bidding. The Fund is intended to bundle investments of donor agencies designated to rural electrification. Rural regions covered by the SBEE grid will also be concessioned(15 concessions in total). However, basic features of this instrument are yet unclear such as regulation, payment authorisation and tariffing. Experiences in Senegal and Mali, furthermore, expose a very limited interest of private enterprises to compete for such funds. Concerning the national and even regional private sector, the mobilisation of financial resources is less an impediment than lacking capacities to implement privately run electricity concessions in Benin.
@@ Line 100: / Line 116: @@
 On behalf of six donors, the Energising Development Program (EnDev) executed by GIZ is supporting grid extension, grid densification, picoPV system and dissemination of improved stoves
-The European Union is supporting the « Centre d'Information et de Contrôle (CIC) » of the West African Power Pool.
+The European Union is supporting the «&nbsp;Centre d'Information et de Contrôle (CIC)&nbsp;» of the West African Power Pool.
 = Further Information =
 *[[Portal:Countries|Country portal on energypedia]]
 *[[Rural Electrification in Benin *French*|Rural Electrification in Benin (French)]]
 = References =
@@ Line 111: / Line 130: @@
 <references />
+<br/>[[Benin Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:04, 9 September 2016
Line 104:		Line 104:
	= Further Information =		= Further Information =
	*[[Portal:Countries\|Country portal on energypedia]]		*[[Portal:Countries\|Country portal on energypedia]]
		+	[[Rural Electrification in Benin French*\|Rural Electrification in Benin (French)]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{CES Country
+{{CES Country|CES Country Name=Benin
 |CES Country Capital=Porto Novo
 |CES Country Region=Africa
 |CES Country Coordinates=6.4667° N, 2.6000° E
 }}
 = Introduction =
@@ Line 39: / Line 34: @@
 *Non-sustainable use of biomass: Around 80% of the population depends on the use of biomass for cooking needs. While consumption has increased between 1997 and 2002 at an annual rate of 5 %, forest areas were reduced by 22.8 % (i.e. 1.2 million hectares) from 1990 to 2010 (FAO). Since 2004, there is an overall shortfall in the supply of fuel wood energy at the national level, with wide variation at the regional level. This results in a massive degradation of forest resources.
 *Low access rate to electricity in rural areas: while the national power board SBEE has increased the electrification rate in urban areas from 20 to 52.4 % since 1990, only 2 % of rural areas are connected to the grid. At the same time, around 60% of the population lives in rural areas.
-*Electricity generation constraints Since early 2007,Benin has been going through an energy crisis due to curtailed supply from its neighbors Ghana and Cote d’Ivoire. Lack of operational capacity at the distribution utility SBEE did reinforce the crisis. Following a brief recovery at the end of 2007 after the rainy season, in mid-2008 Benin was again subject to energy shortages. However, <span lang="en-us">the long term stability in the target region is assured. The reasons are ongoing investments in transmission lines interconnecting North and South Benin, Benin and Togo as well as Benin and Nigeria and the intended extension of generation capacities conducted by '''Compagnie Electrique du Bénin (CEB)'''.</span>
+*Electricity generation constraints Since early 2007,Benin has been going through an energy crisis due to curtailed supply from its neighbors Ghana and Cote d’Ivoire. Lack of operational capacity at the distribution utility SBEE did reinforce the crisis. Following a brief recovery at the end of 2007 after the rainy season, in mid-2008 Benin was again subject to energy shortages. However, the long term stability in the target region is assured. The reasons are ongoing investments in transmission lines interconnecting North and South Benin, Benin and Togo as well as Benin and Nigeria and the intended extension of generation capacities conducted by '''Compagnie Electrique du Bénin (CEB)'''.
 [[Benin Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]]
-== <span lang="en-us">Key Problems Hampering Access to Electricity</span><br/> ==
+== Key Problems Hampering Access to Electricity ==
-<span lang="en-us">Although the Government of Benin clearly defined a strategy for rural electrification, the objective of achieving a rural electrification rate of 40% in 2015 is highly ambitious due to the following reasons:</span>
+Although the Government of Benin clearly defined a strategy for rural electrification, the objective of achieving a rural electrification rate of 40% in 2015 is highly ambitious due to the following reasons:
-<span lang="en-us">SBEE is far from being capable of achieving these goals due to insufficient financial capacities: SBEE’s indebtedness is 9 times as high as its turnover and financial losses are increasing continuously, since the supply costs per kWh exceed the retail price; not only but mainly in areas provided by diesel generators.</span>
+SBEE is far from being capable of achieving these goals due to insufficient financial capacities: SBEE’s indebtedness is 9 times as high as its turnover and financial losses are increasing continuously, since the supply costs per kWh exceed the retail price; not only but mainly in areas provided by diesel generators.
-<span lang="en-us">In addition to the financial bottleneck, one important reason is the ack of knowledge about low-cost alternatives to the business as usual scenario of grid extension. This scenario was designed originally for urban areas based on high technical “EDF” standards that are inappropriate for rural areas.</span>
+In addition to the financial bottleneck, one important reason is the ack of knowledge about low-cost alternatives to the business as usual scenario of grid extension. This scenario was designed originally for urban areas based on high technical “EDF” standards that are inappropriate for rural areas.
-<span lang="en-us">Furthermore, for political reasons, SBEE focuses on the <u>extension of the grid to previously non-electrified regions</u>, instead of increasing the number of connected households in proximity to the grid.</span>
+Furthermore, for political reasons, SBEE focuses on the <u>extension of the grid to previously non-electrified regions</u>, instead of increasing the number of connected households in proximity to the grid.
-<span lang="en-us">Although some responsibilities for rural electrification have been shifted to ABERME, the agency proved to be incapable of driving the electrification process. <u>Lack of capacity</u> is the main reason, especially the lack of engineering expertise.</span>
+Although some responsibilities for rural electrification have been shifted to ABERME, the agency proved to be incapable of driving the electrification process. <u>Lack of capacity</u> is the main reason, especially the lack of engineering expertise.
 [[Benin Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]]
 = Institutional Set-up in the Energy Sector<br/> =
-<span lang="en-us">There are four main governmental actors in the electricity sector:</span>
+There are four main governmental actors in the electricity sector:
-*<span lang="en-us">Communaute Electrique du Benin(CEB): CEB is a bipartite utility supplying electricity to national distribution utilities in Benin and Togo (around 85% of generation capacity).</span>
+*Communaute Electrique du Benin(CEB): CEB is a bipartite utility supplying electricity to national distribution utilities in Benin and Togo (around 85% of generation capacity).
-*<span lang="en-us">Societe Beninoise d’Energie Electrique(SBEE): Responsible for electricity distribution and local generation through diesel generators (around 13% of generation capacity).</span>
+*Societe Beninoise d’Energie Electrique(SBEE): Responsible for electricity distribution and local generation through diesel generators (around 13% of generation capacity).
-*<span lang="en-us">Agence Beninoise d’Electrification Rurale et de Maitrise d’Energie(ABERME): responsible for rural energy supply (established in 2004).</span>
+*Agence Beninoise d’Electrification Rurale et de Maitrise d’Energie(ABERME): responsible for rural energy supply (established in 2004).
-*<span lang="en-us">Ministere de l'Energie, des Recherches Pétrolières et Minières, de l'Eau et du Développement des Energies Renouvelables (MERPMEDER): responsible for the national energy policy and coordination of the activities in the energy sector.</span>
+*Ministere de l'Energie, des Recherches Pétrolières et Minières, de l'Eau et du Développement des Energies Renouvelables (MERPMEDER): responsible for the national energy policy and coordination of the activities in the energy sector.
-<br/>
+Main actors from the private sector are for solar products and installations:
 *'''L'Association Inteprofessionnel des Spécialistes des Energies Renouvelables du Bénin '''([http://www.aiser-benin.org AISER - Bénin]) / The Interprofessional Association for Renewable Energy Specialists: is an "an association for promotion and advocacy of the renewable energy in Benin"<ref>http://aiser-benin.org/lassociation/qui-sommes-nous/</ref>. AISER was created in 2011 <ref>http://levenementprecis.com/2011/10/31/creation-de-l%E2%80%99association-interprofessionnelle-de-specialistes-des-energies-renouvelables-au-beninl%E2%80%99aiser-pour-aider-le-gouvernement-dans-le-developpement-des-energies-renouvelables/</ref>, and today has around fifty organisations (companies, NGOs, academics ...) specialized in renewable energies. The main objective is to contribute to the development of renewable energy across Benin.
-*<span lang="en-us">'''ECOSOLARIS AFRIQUE SARL '''is a canadian enterprise specialised dans l’énergie solaire présente au Bénin depuis Février 2013. Elle est une succursale des Entreprises Ecosolaris inc, leader canadien de l’énergie solaire, distributeur depuis plusieurs années des produits de qualité Nord-Américains, Européens, Australiens et Asiatiques qui a su développer une expertise sur le terrain dans les installations hors réseau pour les systèmes à la fois photovoltaïque et thermique. Ecosolaris Afrique vend des produits de '''Barefoot Power LTD '''et '''Flexyway solar.'''</span><br/>
+*'''ECOSOLARIS AFRIQUE SARL '''is a canadian enterprise specialised dans l’énergie solaire présente au Bénin depuis Février 2013. Elle est une succursale des Entreprises Ecosolaris inc, leader canadien de l’énergie solaire, distributeur depuis plusieurs années des produits de qualité Nord-Américains, Européens, Australiens et Asiatiques qui a su développer une expertise sur le terrain dans les installations hors réseau pour les systèmes à la fois photovoltaïque et thermique. Ecosolaris Afrique vend des produits de '''Barefoot Power LTD '''et '''Flexyway solar.'''
-*<span lang="en-us"><span lang="fr">'''BONERGIE BENIN SARL '''was founded in 2012 with support of the German social company BONERGIE. Bonergie is selling Sun Tranfer products (see also [http://www.bonergie.com/english/produkte.html http://www.bonergie.com/english/produkte.html]).</span></span>
+*'''BONERGIE BENIN SARL '''was founded in 2012 with support of the German social company BONERGIE. Bonergie is selling Sun Tranfer products (see also [http://www.bonergie.com/english/produkte.html http://www.bonergie.com/english/produkte.html]).
-*<span lang="en-us"><span lang="fr">'''Objectifs SARL '''which is selling Sun King products of the US company greenlight planet</span></span>
+*'''Objectifs SARL '''which is selling Sun King products of the US company greenlight planet
-= <span lang="en-us">Policy Framework, Laws and Regulations</span> =
+= Policy Framework, Laws and Regulations =
 In order to tackle the challenges in the energy sector the government of Benin has formulated the Policy and Strategy Document for the Development of the Electricity Sector that provides the long term vision and the strategy of the country by 2025.
-<span lang="en-us">The overall energy strategy can be summarised as follows:</span>
+The overall energy strategy can be summarised as follows:
-*<span lang="en-us">strengthening the legal and institutional framework;</span>
+*strengthening the legal and institutional framework;
-*<span lang="en-us">ensuring reliable electricity supply to support economic activities and achieve the national energy security and an efficient energy delivery system with an optimal energy resource mix;</span>
+*ensuring reliable electricity supply to support economic activities and achieve the national energy security and an efficient energy delivery system with an optimal energy resource mix;
-*<span lang="en-us">increasing energy access to population through new power generation plants, regional interconnection and rural electrification;</span>
+*increasing energy access to population through new power generation plants, regional interconnection and rural electrification;
-*<span lang="en-us">promoting private investments in the power sector by creating the enabling market environment for private sector participation</span>
+*promoting private investments in the power sector by creating the enabling market environment for private sector participation
-*<span lang="en-us">promoting energy efficiency in all sector.</span>
+*promoting energy efficiency in all sector.
-<span lang="en-us">Regarding rural electrification, it aims at providing 150 villages p.a. with access to electricity in order to achieve a rural electrification rate of 30–40 % by 2015. Furthermore, promoting the dissemination of improved stoves and other renewable domestic energy sources are additional objectives of the strategy to tackle the energy challenges in rural areas.</span>
+Regarding rural electrification, it aims at providing 150 villages p.a. with access to electricity in order to achieve a rural electrification rate of 30–40 % by 2015. Furthermore, promoting the dissemination of improved stoves and other renewable domestic energy sources are additional objectives of the strategy to tackle the energy challenges in rural areas.
-<span lang="en-us">In the run of the energy sector reform, which gained considerable momentum in recent months (mainly due to growing World Bank interest in the sector), the establishment of a Rural Electrification Fund is being discussed. It shall incorporate a concession model with minimum subsidy bidding. The Fund is intended to bundle investments of donor agencies designated to rural electrification. Rural regions covered by the SBEE grid will also be concessioned(15 concessions in total). However, basic features of this instrument are yet unclear such as regulation, payment authorisation and tariffing. Experiences in Senegal and Mali, furthermore, expose a very limited interest of private enterprises to compete for such funds. Concerning the national and even regional private sector, the mobilisation of financial resources is less an impediment than lacking capacities to implement privately run electricity concessions in Benin.</span>
+In the run of the energy sector reform, which gained considerable momentum in recent months (mainly due to growing World Bank interest in the sector), the establishment of a Rural Electrification Fund is being discussed. It shall incorporate a concession model with minimum subsidy bidding. The Fund is intended to bundle investments of donor agencies designated to rural electrification. Rural regions covered by the SBEE grid will also be concessioned(15 concessions in total). However, basic features of this instrument are yet unclear such as regulation, payment authorisation and tariffing. Experiences in Senegal and Mali, furthermore, expose a very limited interest of private enterprises to compete for such funds. Concerning the national and even regional private sector, the mobilisation of financial resources is less an impediment than lacking capacities to implement privately run electricity concessions in Benin.
-<span lang="en-us">The reform process goes along with a shift in responsibilities for rural electrification from SBEE to ABERME. It is, furthermore, planned to split up SBEE into an asset management and a distribution management company<u>.</u></span>
+The reform process goes along with a shift in responsibilities for rural electrification from SBEE to ABERME. It is, furthermore, planned to split up SBEE into an asset management and a distribution management company<u>.</u>
 [[Benin Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]]